nutrition chapter 5- carbohydrates
according to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide __% to __% of total calories of the diet
45 65
treatment for metabolic syndrome includes A. increasing sedentary activities B. weight loss C. eating a healthy diet
B C
glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _________ units bonded together. A. amino acid B. fructose C. galactose D. glucose
D
individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach? A. weight loss B. immune suppressants C. oral medications D. insulin
D
stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. his doctor send him for tests to see if he has.... A. hyperthyroidism B. cancer C. a kidney infection D. diabetes
D
sugar alcohols supply an average of ________ kcals per gram. A. 7 B. 4 C. 0 D. 2
D
the nectar from flowers that bees convert to honey is rich in _______ A. galactose B. maltose C. lactose D. sucrose
D
what is another name for polysaccharides? A. starch B. simple carbohydrates C. soluble fiber D. complex carbohydrate
D
what is produces when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together? A. sucrose B. fructose C. lactose D. maltose
D
when consuming a 2,000 kcal diet, the Daily Value for carbohydrates is A. 100 grams B. 500 grams C. 50 grams D. 300 grams
D
aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two _______ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol
amino
people with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and breath with a fruity smell. There are all signs and symptoms of __________
ketoacidosis
Low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called ____________.
ketosis
milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ________
lactose
fructose is known as fruit sugar or _________
levulose
high fiber diets may lower your risk for ________ A. lupus B. obesity C. osteoporosis D. reye's syndrome
B
both sugars and sugar alcohols provide .... A. sweetness B. 4 kcals per gram C. promote cavities
A
fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called A. insoluble fiber B. soluble fiber C. starch D. pectins
A
glucagon... A. increases blood glucose B. decreases blood glucose
A
glycogenolysis is ..... A. a breakdown of glycogen B. a breakdown of something C. a breakdown of fat
A
ketone bodies .... A. are chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown B. is a condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones
A
low blood sugar that occurs after a meal contain high amounts of refined carbohydrates is called A. reactive hypoglycemia B. fasting hyperglycemia C. fasting hypoglycemia D. reactive hyperglycemia
A
monosaccharides and disaccharide are... A. simple carbohydrates B. complex carbohydrates
A
most dietary __________ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest. A. fibers B. peptides C. starches D. sugars
A
which simple carbohydrate is the primary fuel for muscle cells? A. starch B. glucose C. maltose D. fructose
B
glucose is the primary fuel for most of the body's cells, however, some cells can only use glucose. These include_________ A. muscle cells B. red blood cells C. central nervous system
B C
what are some natural food sources of sucrose? A. breakdown of starches B. carrots C. maple syrup D. milk
B C
diets high in fiber can lower the risk for developing which of the following? A. liver disease B. obesity C. heart disease D. diabetes
B C D
which of the following are sugar alcohols? A. cyclamate B. mannitol C. xylitol D. sorbitol
B C D
which of the following processed foods or beverages are high in added sugars? A. pizza B. soda C. ice cream D. cakes
B C D
which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe? A. sorbitol B. cyclamate C. sucralose D. neotame
B
which of the following is another term for glucose? A. sucrose B. dextrose C. carbohydrate D. table sugar
B
where is glucose stored in the body? A. brain B. heart C. blood D. liver
D
when sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ____________
decay
type 1 diabetes only begins during childhood. True or false?
false
if you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high-______________ foods to your diet because these foods tend to be more filling resulting in satiety.
fiber
identify names of sugars that may be found in foods. A. sugar B. cellulose C. molasses D. honey
A C D
human breast milk contains which monosaccharides? A. galactose B. fructose C. maltose D. glucose
A D
which type of fiber either dissolves or swells when put into water? A. dietary fiber B. insoluble fiber C. soluble fiber D. starchy fiber
C
why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohols? A. because it can cause intoxication B. because it can be too many calories C. because it can cause tooth decay D. because it can cause diarrhea
D
a diet that is very high in sugars is linked to health problems such as obesity. True or false?
True
eating a high-fiber diet may reduce your blood cholesterol level. True or false?
True
the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel. True or false?
True
the disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called _________________ _________________
gestational diabetes
Acesulfame-K _________ approved for use as a nonnutritive sweetener by the FDA A. is currently under review in order to be B. has been C. has not been
B
Amylopectin is... A. a long, straight chain of glucose units B. a highly branched chain of glucose units
B
when people consume adequate fiber they experience A. explosive diarrhea B. softer stools C. more compact stools D. more regular bowel movements
B D
insulin... A. increases blood glucose B. decreases blood glucose
B
fiber is mostly made up of _____________ and us connected by bonds that humans cannot digest A. amylose B. starches C. amylopectin D. monosaccharides
D
which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? A. saccharin B. neotame C. sucalose D. aspartame
D
simple carbohydrates include ___________, which contain only one sugar unit, and _____________. which are compounds of two sugar units
monosaccharide disaccharide
sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ___________
fructose
in order to manage their blood glucose levels, type 1 diabetic patients always require ______________.
insulin
the hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes lowering of blood sugar is ___________.
insulin
Sugar alcohols do not promote dental decay. True or false?
True
(glycemic index x grams of _________) /100 = Glycemic Load
carbohydrates
name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
when a persons blood sugar level falls below 70mg/dl they are diagnosed with_____________
hypoglycemia
Disaccharide... A. contains two sugar units B. contains one sugar unit
A
a fasting blood glucose of 98mg/dl __________. A. is a normal blood sugar B. indicates pre-diabetes C. is an abnormally low blood sugar D. indicates diabetes
A
most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an ________ system disorder, which causes destruction of the __________-producing cells in the pancreas. A. immune; insulin B. digestive; beta C. endocrine; insulin
A
sugar alcohols are used in sugarless gum, breath mints, and candy because __________ A. they do not cause teeth decay B. they have no taste C. they provide significant vitamins
A
signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include A. fruity smelling breath B. frequent urination C. excessive thirst D. anxiety and hyperactivity E. blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl
A B C E
individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing.... A. type 2 diabetes B. osteoporosis C. cardiovascular disease D. type 1 diabetes
A C
type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by A. increasing physical activity B. changing to a high carbohydrate diet C. losing excess body fat
A C
Monosaccharide... A. contains two sugar units B. contains one sugar unit
B
examples of complex carbohydrates include A. sucrose B. starch C. glucose D. peptides
B
lysis is .... A. a breakdown of glycogen B. a breakdown of something C. a breakdown of fat
B
reactive hypoglycemia is more likely to occur after a meal high in_____ A. protein B. simple sugar C. dietary fat D. fiber
B
sugar alcohols _______ fully absorbed by the intestinal track. A. are B. are not
B
what is added to food to improve the food's tenderness, contribute to browning, and serve as a preservative? A. alternative sweeteners B. sugar C. water D. protein
B
what is technical term for high blood sugar? A. hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia C. hyperactivity D. hyperinsulinemia
B
what would be the benefit of having sugar alcohols instead of sugars in a food product? A. because they are better on the environment B. because they have fewer calories C. because they are cheaper D. because they taste better
B
which disaccharide can be found in certain animal products? A. sucrose B. lactose C. fructose D. starch
B
which food is a source of refined carbohydrates? A. potato B. soda pop C. apple D. steak
B
where are the major sites for glycogen formation and storage? A. stomach B. liver C. muscles D. small intestine
B C
the three most important single sugars or _________ are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
monosaccharides
a long, straight chain of glucose units A. amylose B. amylopectin
A
A highly branched chain of glucose units A. amylose B. amylopectin
B
Glucagon is released during times of _________ blood glucose levels. A. high B. low
B
How many Americans show signs of decreased lactose digestion? A. tens of thousands B. millions C. thousands
B
which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? A. fad diets B. milk consumption C. sedentary life style
C
which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity? A. ADHD can be controlled by limiting a child's sugar intake B. There is a cause and effect relationship between sugar and hyperactivity C. research does not indicate that sugar increases a chia's risk for hyperactivity(ADHD)
C
Glycogen is stored in the liver and can be released by the hormone ________ A. protease B. insulin C. thyroxine D. glucagon
D
a food that contains spores of the bacterium Clostridlum botnullinum and can be fatal if given to infants is _______ A. peas B. milk C. formula D. honey
D
Compared to table sugar, honey is a natural and far more nutritious sweetener. True or false?
False
The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as refined sugars. True or false?
False
Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding. True of false?
True
The three most important dietary monosaccharides are glucoses fructose, and galactose. True or false?
True
choose the correct descriptions of a whole grain A. must contain the starchy endosperm , oily germ, and fiber-rich bran B. comes from plant and animal food sources C. intact, ground, cracked, or flaked seeds of cereal grains D. examples include wheat, oats, corn, rice, rye, barley, and sorghum
A C D
what is another name for fructose? A. levulose B. galactose C. glucose D. maltose
A
the body is able to convert fructose into glucose or ________ A. fat B. glycogen C. amino acids D. protein
A
which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose? (choose all that apply) A. glucose B. fructose C. galactose D. sucrose
A C
alternative sweeteners include... A. mannitol B. alcohol C. sorbitol D. xylitol
A C D
choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber A. carrots B. brown rice C. beans D. oat bran
A C D
which of the following are examples of polysaccharides? A. fiber B. lactose C. glycogen D. maltose E. starch F. sucrose
A C E
nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains... A. fructose B. galactose C. tagatose D. glucose
A D
Ketoacidosis .... A. chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown B. condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones
B
food labels are not required to provide information about which of the following? A. sugars B. dietary fiber C. soluble fiber D. total carbohydrate
C
ketosis occurs when the diet is low in ... A. vitamins and minerals B. fats C. carbohydrates D. proteins
C
lipolysis is .... A. a breakdown of glycogen B. a breakdown of something C. a breakdown of fat
C
the primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. glycogen is stored in the liver and_______ A. stomach wall B. pancreas C. muscles D. adipose tissue
C
which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? A. saccharin B. sucralose C. aspartame D. neotame
C
each gram of monosaccharide or disaccharide supplies how many kcals? A. 7 B. 9 C. 0 D. 4
D
Amylose is ..... A. a long, straight chain of glucose units B. a highly branched chain of glucose units
A
complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are comprised of _______ or more monosaccharides bonded together.
10
a form of diabetes that is strongly associated with obesity is type __________.
2
sugar alcohols are used in ______. A. breath mints B. diabetic candy C. snacks such as chips and pretzels D. sugar-free gum
A B D
when non-nutritive sweeteners are examined, their sweetness is compared to A. glucose B. sucrose C. fructose
B
which alternatives sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? A. neotame B. aspartame C. sucralose D. saccharin
B
The results of clinical studies indicate that eating too much sugar makes children hyperactive. True or false?
False
there is no scientific evidence that people can become addicted to foods, particularly those containing sucrose. True or false?
true
Once per ounce, sugar provides more energy than starch. True or false?
False
what is the difference between a nutritive sweetener and a nonnutritive sweetener? A. nutritive sweeteners provide energy whereas nonnutritive sweeteners do not provide energy B. nutritive sweeteners prover do not provide energy whereas nonnutritive sweeteners provide energy C. there is no difference D. there is no such thing as a nutritive sweetener
A
what is the difference between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber? A. soluble fibers swell or dissolve in water whereas insoluble fibers do not swell or dissolve in water B. soluble fibers do not swell or dissolve in water whereas insoluble fibers swell and dissolve in water C. soluble fibers are digestible and insoluble fibers are not digestible D. soluble fibers are not digestible and insoluble fibers are digestible
A
which class of substances provides sweetness to foods and provides calories for the body? A. nutritive sweeteners B. alternative sweeteners
A
which of the following is a form of starch? A. amylopectin B. psyllium C. pectin D. cellulose
A
which of the following is a sugar alcohol? A. sorbitol B. acesulfame-K C. neotame D. aspatame
A
in metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? A. triglycerides B. blood pressure C. fasting glucose D. high-density lipoprotein
A B C
women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if ... A. are chronically overweight B. are chronically underweight C. they have a family history of type 2 diabetes D. they have elevated blood pressure
A C D
which macronutrient provides 9kcals per gram? A. carbohydrates B. fat C. protein
B
which of the following are true about alternative sweeteners? A. easily absorbed in the digestive tract B. substances added to food that sweeten the item while providing few or no calories C. includes sugar alcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol D. promotes bacterial sugar fermentation and thus tooth decay
B C
what are the two potential fates of fructose after it is consumed? A. converted to protein B. converted to fat C. converted to sucrose D. converted to glucose
B D
when an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with _____________
hypoglycemia