Nutrition Chapter 5
health problems that can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease
-Type 2 diabetes -High blood pressure -Obesity
In general, populations that have a high intake of total fat have a higher incidence of __________ than populations that have a lower intake.
-certain types of cancer -heart disease -obesity
The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats are beneficial in regards to:
-heart disease. -rheumatoid arthritis. -multiple sclerosis.
Some foods that help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease:
-oats -flaxseed -nuts
Consumers are eating more ____ that increase the amount of dietary _______.
-snack foods -fat
Which statement is true about hamburger that is labeled 80% lean?
20% of the weight of the meat is fat
diet provides approximately 18% of the total Calories (kcal) from fat
67 grams of fat; 3,268 kcal
lipoprotein containing the highest percentage of cholesterol
Low-density lipoproteins
What is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion?
Micelles
Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion?
Pancreas
How does fat intake affect our health?
The type of fat may be more important than total fat in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with:
a reduced risk of heart disease.
Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain:
partially hydrogenated oils.
Dietary sources of cholesterol include:
peanut butter.
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of:
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should:
provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat.
A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid.
saturated
The majority of fat digestion occurs in the:
small intestine
Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because:
the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.
What initially causes an atherosclerotic plaque to begin developing?
An injury to the artery wall.
__________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones.
Bile
Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by:
HDLs
Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from:
cholesterol
Essential fatty acids can be used by the body to synthesize:
eicosanoids
__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body.
essential
Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called:
glycerol
The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to:
help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood.
When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess:
is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.
The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the __________ end.
omega
Fish oils are a good dietary source of:
omega-3 fatty acids.
The ratio of _____________ fatty acids in the diet is important in regulating body processes.
omega-3 to omega-6
Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as:
the types and locations of bonds between the carbons.
resemble saturated fatty acids in their overall shape.
trans fatty acids
Phospholipids consist of glycerol with __________ attached.
two fatty acids and a phosphate group
good source of essential fatty acids
walnuts