Nutrition Chapter 7

A diet deficient in vitamin B6 can result in pernicious anemia.

FALSE

A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in rickets.

FALSE

A diet in which an individual consumes too much niacin may result in pellagra.

FALSE

Biotin plays a part in DNA formation.

FALSE

Carotenodermia is a serious toxic reaction to an overdose of vitamin A.

FALSE

Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content.

FALSE

Individuals with dark skin require less time in the sun than people with lighter skin in order to self-synthesize vitamin D.

FALSE

One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements.

FALSE

Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiacin.

FALSE

The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.

FALSE

The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.

FALSE

Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins essential for vision.

FALSE

Which of the following is correct about xerophthalmia?

It is permanent damage to the cornea due to a vitamin A deficiency.

A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.

TRUE

A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in scurvy.

TRUE

A diet deficient in vitamin D can result in osteomalacia.

TRUE

Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.

TRUE

Excessive amounts of vitamin E in your body increase the risk of hemorrhage.

TRUE

Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to be toxic in excess than water-soluble vitamins.

TRUE

Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage.

TRUE

Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12if diagnosed early enough.

TRUE

One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.

TRUE

Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.

TRUE

The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.

TRUE

The disease that occurs in humans with a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.

TRUE

Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.

TRUE

Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.

TRUE

Vitamin C is needed to make collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body.

TRUE

Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.

TRUE

Vitamin K is an important factor in blood clotting.

TRUE

Vitamins do not provide energy.

TRUE

________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.

Thiamin

Which of the following is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?

alpha-tocopherol

Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________ that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

antioxidants

Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.

ascorbic

Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?

asparagus

The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in

beets.

Thiamin deficiency results in which condition?

beriberi

Which of the following is not an antioxidant?

biotin

Vitamin K plays an essential role in

blood clotting.

Abundant in foods from animal sources, ________ is a vitamin-like substance needed to properly utilize fat.

carnitine

When the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, this is called (a)

cataract.

The B vitamins act as ________, helping numerous enzymes produce reactions in your cells.

coenzymes

Which of the following will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?

cold

Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?

collagen formation

Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is essential for the production of

collagen.

Which of the following factors is not responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?

consumption of low-fat milk

Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which food?

eggs

Carly and Adam have been married for three years and are beginning to think about having children. Which vitamin should Carly make sure she is getting enough of prior to conceiving, in order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

folate

The B vitamins ________ and vitamin B12 are needed for healthy red blood cells.

folate

Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood?

folate

Which vitamin has been shown to reduce the risk of colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers, as well as reduce the risk of birth defects?

folate

Enriched or ________ foods have had nutrients added to them.

fortified

Unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases are called

free radicals.

Which is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?

frequent hand-washing

Where is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?

in the liver and then kidneys

Which people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?

individuals who regularly eat fortified foods.

Vitamin C is plays an important role in the absorption of ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.

iron

The body can synthesize ________ from the amino acid tryptophan.

niacin

Which vitamin has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?

niacin

The symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death.

pellagra

Individuals who lack intrinsic factor and cannot absorb vitamin B12 may have ________ anemia.

pernicious

Phytochemicals are ________-derived compounds that are thought to be beneficial to our health.

plant

Which of the following does not accurately describe vitamins?

provide energy

Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds including ________, the major form found in plant foods, and two other forms found in animal food sources.

pyridoxine

Which light-sensitive vitamin is abundant in milk?

riboflavin

Which of the following is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?

rickets

Which of the following conditions is not caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?

scurvy

The disease of vitamin C deficiency is called

scurvy.

Which of the following vitamins travels in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?

vitamin A

Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

vitamin B3

Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?

vitamin C

Which supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration, according to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute?

vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene

Which vitamin helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?

vitamin D

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

vitamin K

________ boosts your immune system by helping your body make white blood cells.

Vitamin C

Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?

B12

The ________ is an organization that provides some guidance for consumers when it comes to labeling dietary supplements.

USP

All the following statements are true about vitamin B12 except that

the ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.

Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted in

urine.