Nutrition Chapter One and Two

T/F Minerals are inorganic because they do not contain carbon

True

T/F: The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods affect your body's function and health is called nutrition.

True

Foods are placed into the various groups of MyPlate based upon __________.

nutrient content

Which of the following foods is a functional food that may help Andy improve his cholesterol? tomatoes oatmeal eggs peach yogurt

oatmeal

The Mediterranean diet includes __________.

several portions of legumes and other vegetables each day

Which of the MyPlate food groups provides a significant amount of vitamin C?

fruits

If a cereal says it contains vitamin A, which can help with your vision, which of the following statements is true?

All food products with vitamin A can help with vision.

When dining away from home, what is the best and easiest way to determine appropriate portion size?

Compare food portion sizes to your hands.

What is Required for Both Current Labeland Proposed New Label

Daily Value of iron, servings per container

What is Required on a current nutritional panel

Daily Value of vitamin C, Calories from Fat

What is required on proposed new label

Daily Value of vitamin D, Daily Value of potassium, added sugars

___________ are based on a 2000-calorie per day diet, and shown by percentages listed for most nutrients on a food label.

Daily Values (DVs)

To which of the MyPlate food groups would cheese belong?

Dairy

Which of the following MyPlate food groups would provide a significant amount of vitamin A?

Dairy

T/F: DRI, a set of guidelines for nutrient intake standards, stands for Daily Required Intakes.

False

___________ are visual representations created by organizations and countries around the world, which depict good food choices and suggested proportions to help individuals create a balanced diet.

Food guidance systems

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: Diets rich in dietary fiber may reduce the risk of some types of cancer.

Health Claims

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of this disease.

Health Claims

Statements that describe a relationship between a food component and a specific health condition are called ______________. One type of these statements is called a(n) _____________, in which the relationship between the food or compound and a health benefit is well-established with supporting research.

Health claims, Authorized Health Claim

A section of the label must include a list of ___________, or the individual components of the product, listed in descending order by weight

Ingredients

________ is an example of a guide developed by the USDA to give consumers a visual example of a balanced meal.

MyPlate

The ____________ of a product is located at the bottom of the package. This information is helpful when comparing products in different types of packaging.

Net weight

The phrase "Excellent source of fiber" is an example of a(n) _________________.

Nutrient Content Claim.

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: Fat free

Nutrient Content Claims

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: excellent source of fiber

Nutrient Content Claims

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: reduced sodium

Nutrient Content Claims

What are major allergies that have to be labeled

Soy, Tree Nuts, Milk, Shellfish

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: Antioxidants support a healthy immune system.

Structure/Function Claims

A three-ounce piece of chicken is about the size of a woman's palm, or

a student ID card

A healthful diet should be __________.

adequate, moderate, and balanced

A hypothesis is: ~a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. ~an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. ~research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. ~research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes.

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges are recommended distributions of total kilocalories for ________, fat, and protein. The standards are expressed as _______ of total energy intake

carbohydrate, percentages

The Nutrition Facts panel identifies __________.

food serving size and nutrient content

The Recommended Dietary Allowances are recommendations for nutrient intake that are ________ to prevent deficiencies and to meet the needs of _____ people in specific gender and life-stage groups.

sufficient, most

You should add salad dressing or oil in an amount that is about the size of __________.

the circle formed by your index finger and thumb when making the "OK" sign

After the protein and vegetables, the rest of your plate should be filled with __________.

whole grains

Which breakfast would you suggest Andy incorporate into his day given his interest in lowering his cholesterol and incorporating functional foods into his diet? ~~buttered toast with strawberry jelly and grape juice cocktail ~~~cinnamon-raisin wheat bagel with cream cheese ~~~oatmeal with raspberries, sliced green apples, and skim milk ~~~eggs, bacon, and banana bread

oatmeal with raspberries, sliced green apples, and skim milk

Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the major source of energy for the body?

Carbohydrates

Which one of the following statements about calories is true? ~Both proteins and fats provide 9 calories per gram. ~Carbohydrates contain 9 calories per gram. ~Proteins provide 4 calories per gram. ~Fats contain 4 calories per gram.

Proteins provide 4 calories per gram.

An individual who consumes an inadequate or unbalanced diet for a long period of time may experience __________.

malnourishment.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the ________ daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

maximum

Nutrients that provide energy include ___.

Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats

What best describes a nutrient content claim: ~~~"Reduced sodium" refers to a product with 25% less sodium than the original product. ~~~"Low calorie (kilocalorie)" refers to a product with fewer than 5 kcal per serving. ~~~"Cholesterol free" refers to a product with fewer than 20 mg of cholesterol per serving. ~~~"Reduced fat" refers to a product with fewer than 3 g of fat per serving.

"Reduced sodium" refers to a product with 25% less sodium than the original product.

A healthy adult diet should contain approximately the following percentages of protein and water.

20, 60

For an item to be called "low fat," it must have fewer than __________ grams of fat per serving.

3

Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims, or Structure/Function Claims: Calcium builds strong bones.

Structure/Function Claims

What agency determines the kind of claims food companies can make on their packaging?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

What impact does the added sugar and solid fat (in a donut) have on the grouping of a food on into the MyPlate?

The food would be grouped on MyPlate based on key nutrients content in it. The kilocalories from added sugar and solid fat would count toward empty kilocalories.

Compared to your protein serving size, how large of a serving of vegetables do you need?

Twice as much

MyPlate illustrates the five food groups that are the building blocks for a _______ diet using a familiar image: a place setting for a meal.

healthful

A health claim has two parts: a listing of the nutrient and __________.

its potential benefit to your health

Food with high ________ have a large amount of nutrients compared to the calories they contain.

nutrient density

Choosing a variety of foods is important, and MyPlate shows that meals should include a higher __________ of vegetables compared to protein foods.

proportion

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advises individuals to balance calorie intake and output and choose __________.

nutrient-dense foods

To which of the MyPlate food groups would peanut butter belong?

protein foods

A claim such as "high fiber" is an example of what kind of claim?

Nutrient claim

An area of the food label called the ___________________ provides a nutritional snapshot, including Daily Values, of the food inside a package.

Nutrition Facts Panel

_________ can occur when an individual consumes too many calories or too much of a specific nutrient.

Overnutrition

__________ is one of the nutrients required to be listed on a Nutrition Facts Panel that consumers should try to limit in their diets.

Trans fat

The scientific method is: ~a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. ~an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. ~research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. ~research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment and which group received a placebo.

a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide advice for Americans ages 2 years and older about food ___________ and physical activity to help meet nutrient needs and reduce the risk of ________ diseases.

consumption, chronic

The ______________ include both nutrition and physical activity recommendations and are intended to help individuals over 2 years of age improve the quality of their diet and lifestyle.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

__________ are specific recommendations for each nutrient, meant to help consumers achieve good health and avoid major excesses

Dietary Reference Intakes

The full set of values identifying daily nutrient needs are called __________.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Which component of the DRI reflects the requirement of a nutrient for 50 percent of healthy Americans and Canadians in a specific life stage and gender?

EAR (Estimated Average Requirement)

Which components of the DRI identify the quantities of various nutrients a person requires to optimize health, prevent deficiency diseases, and avoid consuming too much of any nutrient?

EAR, RDA, AI, and UL

The average number of calories needed each day to maintain current body weight is called the __________.

EER (Estimated Energy Requirement)

Pick more than one: What advice would you give Andy regarding the use of functional foods to manage his cholesterol levels and lower his risk of cardiovascular disease? ~~~Eating breakfast is the most important step to improving his cholesterol levels. ~~~Choosing salmon rather than a cheeseburger for lunch on some days will help increase his intake of healthful omega-3 fatty acids and decrease his intake of saturated fats. ~~~Adding a green salad to his order whenever he has pizza will be sufficient to reduce his cardiovascular disease risk. ~~~Increasing intake of foods like oatmeal, tofu, and fresh fruits as part of a balanced diet will help reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease. ~~~Functional foods are a fad and shouldn't be used.

~~~Choosing salmon rather than a cheeseburger for lunch on some days will help increase his intake of healthful omega-3 fatty acids and decrease his intake of saturated fats. ~~~Increasing intake of foods like oatmeal, tofu, and fresh fruits as part of a balanced diet will help reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease.