Chapter 6: The circulatory system

41. Normal systemic arterial blood is

b. bright red.

57. In numerical order, the veins identified by numbers 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 6-3 are the

b. cephalic, basilic, and median cubital.

18. The medical term for a heart attack is myocardial

b. infarction.

50. Oxygen and nutrients diffuse through the walls of the

c. capillaries.

7. The middle layer of the heart is called the

c. myocardium.

52. The right ventricle delivers blood to the

c. pulmonary artery.

37. The pulmonary circulation takes blood to the

(d. lungs and back to the heart.

38. Which of the following veins is found in the leg?

C. Femoral

below the antecubital fossa? 60. Which of the following veins is found only in or

C. Median

88. Which formed element is the first to play a role in sealing an injury to a blood vessel? a. Erythrocyte b. Leukocyte C. Platelet d. Reticulocyte

C. Platelet

96. A person's blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain types of a, antibodies on the surfaces of the red blood cells. b. antibodies on the surfaces of the white blood cells. C. antigens on the surfaces of the red blood celle d. antigens on the surfaces of the white blood cells.

C. antigens on the surfaces of the red blood cells.

35. An infection of the lining of the heart is called

C. endocarditis.

49. The layers of arteries differ from the layers of veins in that the

C. muscle layer is thicker in arteries.

30. A person's pulse is created by a wave of pressure caused by

C. ventricular contraction.

40. Which of the following veins carries oxygen-rich blood?

a Pulmonary

42. The largest artery in the body is the

a, aorta.

98. A woman who becomes "sensitized" to the Rh factor a, can produce antibodies against the Rh antigen b. has Rh antigen circulating in her bloodstream c. should not try to have more than one child. d. will test Rh-positive for months afterward.

a, can produce antibodies against the Rh antigen

99. A person who has A-negative blood has red blood cells that a, have the A antigen and lack the Rh antigen. b. have both the A antigen and the Rh antigen. c. lack the A antigen and have the Rh antigen. d. lack both the A antigen and the Rh antigen.

a, have the A antigen and lack the Rh antigen.

54. Which of the following blood vessels are listed in the proper direction of blood flow?

a. Arteries, arterioles, capillaries

62. Two medial cutaneous nerves lie close to which vein?

a. Basilic

5. Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

a. Carrying oxygen to the tissue cells

*16. Which structures keep the atrioventricular valves from flipping back into the atria?

a. Chordae tendineae

89. Which of the following is an anuclear biconcave disc? a. Erythrocyte b. Granulocyte c. Leukocyte d. Thrombocyte

a. Erythrocyte

24. On an electrocardiogram, atrial activity is represented by the

a. P wave.

55. The antecubital (AC) fossa is located

a. anterior to the elbow.

39. Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

a. arteries.

11. The semilunar valves are located

a. at the exits of both of the ventricles,

70. Lipid accumulation on the intima of an artery is called

a. atherosclerosis.

identified by numbers 1, 2, and 3 in 59. In numerical order, the veins Figure 6-5 are the

a. basilic, dorsal metacarpal, and cephalic.

31. The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels is called

a. blood pressure.

26. The first sound of the heartbeat is created by the

a. closing of the atrioventricular valves.

21. One cormplete contraction and subsequent relaxation of the heart is called one cardiac

a. cycle.

23. A cardiac cycle lasts approximately

b. 0.8 seconds.

80. How large is a normal erythrocyte? a. 4 to 5 um b. 7 to 8 um C. 8 to 10 um d. 10 to 12 um

b. 7 to 8 um

28. The average normal heart rate is

b. 72 bpm.

76. Which of the following is an abnormal findingi the blood?

b. Bacteria

20. Which is an abbreviation for a test that traces the electrical impulses of the heart?

b. ECG electrocardiogram

79. Which blood cell increases in allergic reactions and pinworm infestations? a. Basophil b. Eosinophil c. Lymphocyte d. Neutrophil

b. Eosinophil

9. Which heart chamber delivers oxygen-rich blood to the ascending aorta?

b. Left ventricle

77. Which blood cell contains a nucleus?

b. Leukocyte

85. Which blood cell can pass through blood vessel walls? a. Erythrocyte b. Leukocyte c. Reticulocyte d. Thrombocyte

b. Leukocyte

91. Some of these cells give rise to plasma cells. a. Eosinophils b. Lymphocytes c. Monocytes d. Neutrophils

b. Lymphocytes

13. Which valve gets its name from its resemblance to a bishop's hat?

b. Mitral valve

86. Which type of cell destroys pathogens by phagocytosis? a. Erythrocyte b. Neutrophil c. Red blood cell d. Thrombocyte

b. Neutrophil

53. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

b. Pulmonary vein

95. Which of the following are normally the most numerous of the formed elements? a. Platelets b. Red blood cells c. Reticulocytes d. White blood cells

b. Red blood cells

97. To prevent sensitization, Rh immunoglobulin is given to a. pregnant women who bleed throughout the pregnancy. b. Rh-negative mothers who deliver Rh-positive babies. c. Rh-posítive babies immediately after they are born. d. Rh-positive mothers who deliver Rh-negative babies.

b. Rh-negative mothers who deliver Rh-positive babies.

82. Red blood cells are produced in the a. bloodstream. b. bone marrow. c. lymph nodes. d. thymus gland.

b. bone marrow.

75. Normal plasma is a

b. clear or slightly hazy, pale yellow fluid that is 91 % water.

15. The heart muscle gets its blood supply from the

b. coronary arteries.

2. In numerical order, the structures indicated by numbers 11 and 17 in Figure 6-1 are the

b. left pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta.

64. When the hand is prone, the antecubital portion of the cephalic vein is normally located in line with the

b. little finger.

65. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), venipuncture should not be per- formed on leg, ankle, or foot veins unless

b. permission of the patient's physician has been obtained.

34. Systolic pressure measures pressure in the arteries during

c) ventricular contraction.

92. Which of the following would be considered a normal platelet count? a. 20,000/mm^3 b. 70,000/mm^3 c. 300,000/mm^3 d. 600,000/mm^3

c. 300,000/mm (the number of platelets in the blood of the average adult is between 150,000 and 400,00/m^3)

73. Normal adult blood volume is approximately

c. 5 L.

74. The normal composition of blood is approximately

c. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements.

32. The technical term for which device is "sphygmo- manometer"?

c. Blood pressure cuff

36. Which of the following are abbreviations for cardiac enzyme tests?

c. CK, LDH (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase are enzyme present in cardiac muscle)

46. Which are tiny blood vessels that are only one-cell thick?

c. Capillaries

69. Which of the following is an abbreviation used for a vascular system test?

c. DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

67. This is the medical term for a blood clot circulating in the bloodstream.

c. Embolus

10. Which heart chamber receives blood from the systemic system?

c. Right atrium

22. Systole is the

c. contracting phase of the heart.

14. The structure that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart is called the

c. interventricular septum.

56. The basilic vein is the last choice for venipuncture because it is

c. located close to a major nerve.

48. The internal space of a blood vessel is called the

c. lumen.

94. A platelet is part of a bone marrow cell called a a. granulocyte. b. macrophage. c. megakaryocyte. d. T lymphocyte.

c. megakaryocyte.

68. The medical term for vein inflammation is

c. phlebitis.

101. A whole-blood specimen consists of a. aggregated blood cells and water. b. blood cells suspended in serum. c. plasma and the formed elements. d. serum and clotted red blood cells

c. plasma and the formed elements.

100. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is most often caused by a. ABO incompatibility between mother and infant. b. incompatible blood given to the infant in utero. c. previous sensitization of an Rh-negative mother, d. Rh incompatibility between the infant and the father.

c. previous sensitization of an Rh-negative mother,

78. A reticulocyte count identifies immature

c. red blood cells.

72, Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with formation of a blood clot is called

c. thrombophlebitis.

33. Which of the following is a normal blood pressure reading?

d. 118/79 mm Hg

63. Which of the following veins are listed in the proper order of selection for venipuncture?

d. Median cubital, cephalic, basiliç

90. Which type of cell is sometimes called a macrophage? a. Eosinophil b. Basophil c. Lymphocyte d. Monocyte

d. Monocyte

87. Which of the following is a short term for neutrophils? a. Eos b. Basos c. Monos d. Polys

d. Polys

25. On an electrocardiogram, which wave represents the activity of the ventricles?

d. QRS and T

44. What keeps the blood moving through the venous system?

d. Skeletal muscle movement and valves in the veins

61. Which major vein merges with the brachiocephalic vein in the chest?

d. Subclavian

51. Identify the structure on the right in Figure 6-2 from the following choices.

d. Vein

66. The popliteal vein is found in the

d. leg.

58. In numerical order, the veins identified by numbers 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 6-4 are the

d. median cephalic, median basilic, and median.

27. Abnormal heart sounds are called

d. murmurs.

17. Myocardial ischemia is a condition that results from

d. partial obstruction of a coronary artery.

6. The heart is surrounded by a thin fluid-filled sac called the

d. pericardium.

4. In numerical order, the structures indicated by numbers 5 and 12 in Figure 6-1 are the

d. right ventricle and left atrium.

19. The heart's "pacemaker" is the

d. sinoatrial node.

29. An abnormally fast heart rate is called

d. tachycardia.

93. Platelets are also called a. erythrocytes. b. leukocytes. c. neutrophils. d. thrombocytes.

d. thrombocytes.

83. The primary function of red blood cells is to a, deliver nutrients to the body tissues. b. produce antibodies to combat infection. c. transport carbon dioxide to the lungs. d. transport oxygen to cells in the body.

d. transport oxygen to cells in the body.

3. In numerical order, the structures indicated by numbers 4 and 15 in Figure 6-1 are the

d. tricuspid valve and the aortic valve.

12. The right atrioventricular valve is also called the

d. tricuspid valve.

45. The smallest branches of veins are called

d. venules.

84. A leukocyte is a a. lymphatic cell. b. platelet stem cell. c. red blood cell. d. white blood cell.

d. white blood cell.

1. In numerical order, the structures indicated by numbers 1 and 8 in Figure 6-1 are the

superior vena cava and right pulmonary arteries

8. How many chambers are there in the human heart?

Four

81. Which of the following would be considered a normal erythrocyte count? a. 4.5 million/mm^3 b. 6.0 million/mm ^3 C. 10.5 million/mm^3 d. 20.0 million/mm^3

a. 4.5 million/mm^3

71. Which of the following is a localized dilation or bulging of an artery?

a. Aneurysm

43. The longest vein in the body is the

a. great saphenous.