Nutrition Consultant Exam Chp. 7-9

Studies indicate that men should drink no more than three drinks per day and women no more than two drinks per day. a. True b. False

b. false

Thiamin-deficiency is commonly seen in Americans because of a highly processed diet. a. True b. False

b. false

Juice that is labeled 100 percent fruit/vegetable juice does not contain: a. Antioxidants b. Vitamins c. Added sugars d. Phytochemicals e. Added salt

c. Added sugars

Sports drinks usually _____. a. contain caffeine b. are carbonated c. contain simple sugars d. contain fiber e. be high in sodium

c. contain simple sugars

Which food is a source of preformed vitamin A? a. sweet potatoes b. leafy greens c. milk d. carrots e. black beans

c. milk

Sports drinks are formulated to ________. a. provide vitamins and minerals b. supply caffeine for alertness c. replace fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat d. boost dietary fiber e. replace fluids and minerals not gotten from food

c. replace fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin are parts of___________ that help break down nutrients.

coenzymes

A dietitian recommends eating an orange over drinking orange juice for the added benefit of _____. a. sugar b. antioxidants c. lycopene d. fiber e. sodium

d. fiber

______ provides iron in the most absorbable form.

steak

A deficiency of _______ is associated with growth retardation, delayed sexual maturity, increased risk of infection, and decreased taste and smell perception.

zinc

Consuming an apple provides the body with more fiber than consuming apple juice. a. True b. False

a .true

Why is choline considered a "conditionally" essential nutrient? a. Because the body is unable to make enough choline when fed a choline-free diet b. Because choline-deficiencies are rare c. Because it is present in nearly all fruits and vegetables d. Because it can be synthesized by the body in the presence of sunshine e. Because it is essential for growth in nonhuman species but not required in humans

a. Because the body is unable to make enough choline when fed a choline-free diet

What happens when a person's calcium intake is low? a. Calcium is released from the bones into the bloodstream. b. The body stops growing. c. Blood calcium is deposited in the bones. d. Osteoporosis develops rapidly. e. Calcium deposits in soft tissue are broken down.

a. Calcium is released from the bones into the bloodstream.

Men have a higher capacity for drinking and metabolizing alcohol than women because they _____. a. have higher levels of alcohol hydrogenase b. have less water in their bodies c. metabolize the alcohol in different areas of the body d. typically consume alcohol on an empty stomach e. absorb more alcohol into their bloodstreams

a. have higher levels of alcohol hydrogenase

What is the number one dietary-related culprit linked to hypertension? a. Obesity b. Race c. Drinking more than three cups of coffee per day d. Diets high in potassium-rich foods e. None of the answers are correct.

a. obesity

The main determinant of bone health is _____. a. peak bone mass achieved before midlife b. amount of calcium consumed in late adult life c. ability of the body to absorb calcium in late adult life d. the quality of calcium supplements taken regularly e. an individual's genetic predisposition for healthy bones

a. peak bone mass achieved before midlife

After reading the label, Nancy decides to pass on 100 percent tomato juice in favor of fresh tomatoes, because the juice contains high levels of _____. a. sodium b. carotene c. calcium d. added sugars e. Answers a and d are correct.

a. sodium

A vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children. a. True b. False

a. true

The water-soluble vitamins include __________. a. A and C b. B and C c. B and E d. B and D e. C and D

b. B and C

A research study indicates that caffeine intake in any beverage leads to the same health risks. What is one problem with this finding? a. Caffeine has been found to be beneficial with no risks. b. Caffeine exists at different levels in different drinks. c. Caffeine has different definitions in different areas of the country. d. Caffeine is deconstructed by the chemicals in tea. e. Caffeine in energy drinks has been found to be less harmful than the caffeine in coffee.

b. Caffeine exists at different levels in different drinks.

What statement about herbal medicines provides sound advice or information? a. Herbal supplements are safe because they are natural. b. Discuss herbal supplement use with your physician. c. They are most effective when they are taken long term. d. Check Internet advertisements for information about these products. e. These products are closely regulated by the FDA.

b. Discuss herbal supplement use with your physician

Which is a health effect seen in those who consume moderate amounts of alcohol? a. Increased heart disease risk b. Increased HDL-cholesterol levels c. Reduced risk of breast cancer d. Increased availability of B vitamins in the blood. e. Increased fertility

b. Increased HDL-cholesterol levels

Caleb's doctor warned him that he has high blood pressure. What beverages should Caleb monitor intake of ? a. Hard water b. Soft water c. Sports drinks d. Tea e. Orange juice

b. Soft water

A nursing mother has little to worry about by having a drink before breastfeeding her infant because the alcohol entering the woman's bloodstream is highly diluted. a. True b. False

b. false

Alcohol acts as a stimulant in some individuals and a depressant in others. a. True b. False

b. false

All caffeine drinks that are sold in stores are regulated by the FDA. a. True b. False

b. false

Calcium in green vegetables like spinach and broccoli is absorbed similarly to calcium in milk. a. True b. False

b. false

Choline is an essential nutrient that must be supplied to the body through food intake. a. True b. False

b. false

Diets high in processed foods and low in fruits and vegetables can lead to a sodium deficiency. a. True b. False

b. false

Enhanced waters provide nutrients that you usually cannot find in food. a. True b. False

b. false

FDA approval of supplements requires extensive laboratory testing and clinical trials. a. True b. False

b. false

Fat-soluble vitamins are less likely to reach toxic levels since the body can excrete excess amounts. a. True b. False

b. false

Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when the father drinks heavily before conception. a. True b. False

b. false

Hard water contains a high level of sodium and appears to be the better choice. a. True b. False

b. false

Middle-age women consume the largest amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages. a. True b. False

b. false

Peak bone mass occurs at approximately 20 years of age. a. True b. False

b. false

Phytochemicals provide energy and serve as building materials. a. True b. False

b. false

Price is one of the best indicators of the quality of a supplement. a. True b. False

b. false

Sodium and potassium intakes are the only risk factors for hypertension that you can control. a. True b. False

b. false

Sodium is the major negatively charged ion in the fluid outside of cells where it is found mostly in association with chloride. a. True b. False

b. false

Sources of beta-carotene include dark green vegetables, milk, and dairy products. a. True b. False

b. false

tomato juice is not as nutritious as fresh tomatoes because the juice does not contain lycopene. a. True b. False

b. false

A news report provided information on alcohol. Which statement is true? a. The liver metabolizes all alcohol to carbon dioxide and water. b. The alcohol detected by a Breathalyzer has been metabolized in the small intestine. c. Alcohol can be transferred to an infant who is nursing. d. Most of the alcohol that is ingested is excreted through urine. e. Once alcohol has been metabolized it enters the blood stream.

c. Alcohol can be transferred to an infant who is nursing.

Which of the following is not a function of a major mineral in the body? a. They give teeth and bones their rigidity and strength. b. They regulate body processes. c. They provide energy. d. They help maintain acid-base balance. e. They assist in muscle contraction.

c. They provide energy.

Which food combination contains a good source of calcium paired with a food whose nutrients will not interfere with calcium absorption? a. A salad made with spinach and kale b. Yogurt topped with ground flaxseed c. Yogurt drizzled with honey d. A tofu and broccoli stir-fry e. A cheese stick with a glass of herbal tea

c. Yogurt drizzled with honey

What recommendation for calcium intake is matched correctly with the age group? a. 1 to 3 years old: 300 mg per day b. 4 to 8 years old: 700 mg per day c. 9 to 18 years old: 1,000 mg per day d. 19 to 50 years old: 1,000 mg per day e. 51+ years old: 1,300 mg per day

d. 19 to 50 years old: 1,000 mg per day

What determines the amount of iodine in the food? a. How long the food is cooked b. What type of metal the pot for cooking is made of c. The order in which foods are eaten d. The amount of iodine in the soil where plants were grown and animals grazed e. How large an individual's goiter is

d. The amount of iodine in the soil where plants were grown and animals grazed

Health experts often advise individuals to routinely take a multivitamin-mineral supplement under the guidance of a physician when _____. a. An individual is recovering from a common head cold. b. A person consumes cheese but not milk as their main source of calcium. c. A woman consumes large amounts of folate-rich foods during her child-bearing years. d. A woman has light menstrual bleeding. e. A person is recovering from surgery.

e. A person is recovering from surgery.

Which drinking pattern would cause fetal alcohol syndrome? a. Heavy drinking by the father during conception b. Heavy drinking by the mother before conception c. Moderate drinking by the mother while nursing d. Any drinking by the mother before while nursing e. Any drinking by the mother after conception

e. Any drinking by the mother after conception

If you eat more calcium than the DRI, all of the following will happen except: a. Bones will deposit the extra calcium. b. Teeth will deposit the extra calcium. c. If extra calcium is consumed on a daily basis, one will develop strong, dense bones. d. Muscle stiffness will result from high blood calcium levels. e. Blood calcium levels will remain in the normal range.

e. Blood calcium levels will remain in the normal range.

Why should parents think twice about a steady diet of bottled water for children? a. Bottled water comes from mountain streams rather than reservoirs. b. Bottled water is not filtered to remove chlorine like tap water. c. Tap water contains lower concentrations of sodium. d. Bottled water can contain lead. e. Bottled water might not contain fluoride.

e. Bottled water might not contain fluoride.

Larry takes Coumadin to help keep his blood from clotting and to lower his risk of having a stroke. What will his doctor tell him about vitamin K? a. Coumadin helps the body to better absorb vitamin K. b. Larry should take vitamin K supplements as part of his preventative health program. c. Larry should increase his consumption of green leafy vegetables. d. Excess vitamin K may increase Larry's risk of hemorrhage in the case of injury. e. Larry should keep his consumption of vitamin K fairly constant from day to day.

e. Larry should keep his consumption of vitamin K fairly constant from day to day.

What vitamin can be made by the body and acts like a hormone? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin E c. Vitamin B6 d. Vitamin C e. Vitamin D

e. Vitamin D

_______ is often missing from a vegan diet.

Vitamin B12

ou've been asked to bring sports drinks for half time at the school soccer game. When shopping you should choose one that has ________________

a blend of glucose, fructose, and sucrose as the energy source

Which of the following is the most nutrient dense snack choice? a. 100 calories of grapes b. 100 calories of grape juice drink c. 100 calories of 100 percent grape juice d. 100 calories of wine made from grapes e. 100 calories of 100 percent apple juice

a. 100 calories of grapes

Your roommate is pregnant and knows you have recently taken a nutrition class and studied alcohol and nutrition. She asks you how many glasses of wine she can safely consume while pregnant. a. A safe level of alcohol during pregnancy has not been established, so it is advised to consume no alcohol. b. She can drink beer and wine, but no "hard" liquor. c. It is safe to consume up to one alcoholic drink per day while pregnant. d. It is safe to consume up to 2 alcoholic drinks per day while pregnant. e. It is safe to consume alcohol after the first trimester.

a. A safe level of alcohol during pregnancy has not been established, so it is advised to consume no alcohol.

Susan wants to get more phytochemicals in her diet. Which tip would you suggest? a. Drink green or black tea after dinner. b. Try not to combine phytochemical-rich foods. c. Avoid soy products. d. Take capsules with concentrated extracts to get the most protective power. e. Focus on taking in fruits and vegetables at meals rather than snacks.

a. Drink green or black tea after dinner.

What phytochemical-containing food is matched correctly with its possible health benefit? a. Flaxseed - exhibits estrogen-blocking activity b. Hot peppers - strengthen the immune system c. Grapes - may prevent free-radical formation by binding to minerals d. Turmeric - may reduce the risk of age-related eye disorders e. Soybeans - may reduce risk of prostate cancer

a. Flaxseed - exhibits estrogen-blocking activity

Katy has a newborn baby and is living on a tight budget. She wants to buy cow's milk to feed her infant, but her doctor told her not to. What reason would the doctor give for this? a. It contains ingredients that could harm the infant's digestive system. b. It is low in necessary levels of protein and calcium. c. It contains a high amount of soy, which is not good for infants. d. It is low in protein and other necessary nutrients. e. It contains too much vitamin D for the infant.

a. It contains ingredients that could harm the infant's digestive system.

Candice would like to drink healthy, but would also like some caffeine to help get her going in the morning. What would you recommend and why? a. Tea, because it contains cancer-fighting chemicals. b. Decaffeinated coffee, since it contains some caffeine, as well as antioxidants that caffeinated drinks doesn't have. c. Carbonated soft drinks for the combination of caffeine and sugar d. Diet soft drinks, because they are designed to provide a safer means of caffeine. e. Cocoa, because it provides a low fat alternative to coffee and tea.

a. Tea, because it contains cancer-fighting chemicals.

David has never tried an energy drink but assumes it must be safe, because it is sold over the counter at all grocery stores. What would you tell him? a. There are no specific FDA regulations on the ingredients in energy drinks. b. They contain no alcohol, so they are even safe for young children. c. People who normally get jittery from caffeine will tolerate this better. d. Energy drinks are mainly comprised of vitamins and minerals. e. Caffeine levels are regulated, but not glucose.

a. There are no specific FDA regulations on the ingredients in energy drinks.

Functions of water in the body include all of the following except ____________. a. speeding up weight loss b. carrying away waste from cells c. helping regulate body temperature d. providing a medium for chemical reactions e. providing cushioning around joints

a. speeding up weight loss e. providing cushioning around joints

Atrophic gastritis is a common reason older adults develop a B-12 deficiency. a. True b. False

a. true

Cooking in an iron skillet will increase the amount of iron in the prepared food. a. True b. False

a. true

For a healthy person, drinking up to three cups of coffee, tea, or cola per day does not seem to pose a health hazard. a. True b. False

a. true

High blood levels of homocysteine have been associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate. a. True b. False

a. true

In the United States, iron deficiency remains relatively prevalent among toddlers, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age. a. True b. False

a. true

Individuals going through a period of growth such as infants, teenagers, and pregnant women have higher zinc needs. a. True b. False

a. true

It takes approximately one hour to metabolize one standard alcoholic drink. a. True b. False

a. true

Newborn infants are better off drinking formula than cow's milk. a. True b. False

a. true

Optimal intake of calcium is of greatest importance in the years leading up to and including young adulthood for peak bone mass. a. True b. False

a. true

Osteoporosis is four times more common in women than in men. a. True b. False

a. true

Research studies on caffeine intake need to consider the different levels of caffeine in different drinks. a. True b. False

a. true

Research supports the view that high fat intake increases the incidence of cancers of the ovaries, colon, and prostate. a. True b. False

a. true

Tolerance results in an individual needing more alcohol to produce the same effects less alcohol was previously able to produce. a. True b. False

a. true

Vitamin D assists in the absorption of dietary calcium and helps to make calcium and phosphorus available in the blood. a. True b. False

a. true

Water accounts for about 60 percent of body weight with most of the water housed inside the cells. a. True b. False

a. true

What would you tell someone who thinks that taking vitamin supplements to prevent cancer provides the same level of protection as eating 4 ½ cups of fruits and vegetables each day? a. Opt for supplements because many of the cancer-fighting compounds in foods are destroyed in the cooking process. b. Eat the fruits and vegetables because they offer compounds in addition to nutrients that appear to reduce cancer risk. c. It is more beneficial to take vitamin supplements to ensure you get adequate amounts of key nutrients. d. Research suggests that taking high-dose supplements can reduce cancer risk. e. Choose supplements so you do not get excess calories from produce intake.

b. Eat the fruits and vegetables because they offer compounds in addition to nutrients that appear to reduce cancer risk.

What statement regarding atrophic gastritis is correct? a. This condition is generally found in young children. b. It can be easily treated with vitamin B12 supplements or injections. c. It is characterized by the stomach producing too much acid. d. A mild case of this condition can result in limited intrinsic factor. e. It can impact the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

b. It can be easily treated with vitamin B12 supplements or injections.

Which action is recommended to prevent osteoporosis? a. Incorporate exercises that put minimal stress on the skeleton. b. Keep caffeine intake moderate. c. Eliminate alcohol and sugar from the diet. d. Only drink sugar-free sodas. e. Focus on calcium and vitamin D intake starting between ages 30 and 35 years.

b. Keep caffeine intake moderate.

What is the link between homocysteine, the B vitamins—folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6—and heart disease? a. Low levels of the B vitamins and homocysteine have been correlated with an increased risk of heart disease in men. b. Low levels of the B vitamins have been found in association with high homocysteine levels and an increased risk of fatal heart disease in men and women. c. High homocysteine clears toxic buildup of the excess B vitamins reducing the risk of fatal heart disease in men and women. d. High levels of B vitamins and homocysteine afford the greatest protection in lowering the risk of fatal heart disease in men. e. Research studies of B vitamins and homocysteine regarding their effects on the risk for heart disease have been inconclusive

b. Low levels of the B vitamins have been found in association with high homocysteine levels and an increased risk of fatal heart disease in men and women.

Which of the following is correct concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and women of the same height and weight? a. The man and woman have equal alcohol metabolizing. b. The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol. c. The man has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol. d. There is not enough evidence to determine.

b. The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol.

Calcium is one of the essential minerals for energy metabolism. a. True b. False

b. false

Taking antibiotics could lead to a Vitamin K deficiency. a. True b. False

b. false

The body prioritizes calcium in the bones over calcium in the blood. a. True b. False

b. false

Trace minerals do not have functions as vital as major minerals which explains why they are needed in much smaller quantities. a. True b. False

b. false

Vitamin C, vitamin E, and the carotenoids are known as free radicals. a. True b. False

b. false

Vitamins D and A work together to regulate blood calcium levels. a. True b. False

b. false

When purchasing salt, even products without the word "iodized" on the label contain iodine. a. True b. False

b. false

The antioxidant __________ is found in fruits and vegetables and can be converted to vitamin A in the body.

beta-carotene

Michael makes a large daily salad for lunch that contains spinach, kale, almonds, and strawberry slices. What key vitamins are provided in his salad? a. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, beta-carotene b. Vitamins B6 and B12, folate, niacin, vitamin D c. Folate, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin K d. Vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, thiamin e. Vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6

c. Folate, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin K

Regular consumption of processed foods and fast foods can contribute to _____ in those who are genetically susceptible. a. Type 2 diabetes b. Heat stroke c. Hypertension d. Colon cancer e. Cretinism

c. Hypertension

Macy lost her job and has begun drinking more. She noticed that it takes two drinks before she gets the same feeling she used to get by drinking just one. What is happening? a. Macy is developing a dependence on alcohol. b. Macy is metabolizing the alcohol quicker. c. Macy is developing a tolerance for alcohol. d. Macy is absorbing the alcohol quicker. e. Macy is developing a higher level of acetate.

c. Macy is developing a tolerance for alcohol.

What is the primary distinction between major minerals and trace minerals? a. Major minerals can be consumed occasionally; trace minerals must be consumed daily. b. Trace minerals are nonessential; major minerals are essential nutrients. c. Major minerals occur in relatively larger quantities in the body, while trace minerals are present in very minute amounts. d. Trace minerals are not associated with any deficiency symptoms; lacking major minerals can lead to deficiency symptoms. e. Excess trace minerals in the diet are excreted; excess major minerals are stored in body tissues.

c. Major minerals occur in relatively larger quantities in the body, while trace minerals are present in very minute amounts.

Which of the following statements is correct in regards to milk and milk consumption? a. Nutritional compositions of milks vary little between mammal species. b. More milk is consumed than any other beverage. c. Milk consumption has steadily declined, but nondairy milk consumption has increased. d. Higher dairy intake is associated with higher body fat. e. Eliminating or reducing milk intake may facilitate weight loss.

c. Milk consumption has steadily declined, but nondairy milk consumption has increased.

Which of the following is true about consuming soft drinks? a. To not be at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, limit soft drinks to one per day. b. Soft drink consumption has little effect on milk and fruit intake. c. No positive health benefits have been associated with soft drink consumption. d. Calorie intake is increased, but nutrient intake is not affected. e. Packaged snacks, not soft drinks are a major sources of added sugars in the U.S. diet.

c. No positive health benefits have been associated with soft drink consumption.

Which of the following is a correct statement about nonvitamins? a. All nonvitamins are essential to the diet. b. Nonvitamins are not abundant in foods. c. Nonvitamins are abundant in foods making them essential to other animals but not humans. d. Nonvitamins are often added to supplements because they are conditionally essential to other animals. e. Nonvitamins play a role in maintaining bone health.

c. Nonvitamins are abundant in foods making them essential to other animals but not humans.

Jennifer is preparing sautéed spinach for dinner. Which of the following would enhance absorption of iron in the spinach? a. Cook it in a copper skillet. b. Serve red wine with dinner. c. Serve strawberries with dinner. d. Serve a whole wheat roll with dinner. e. Serve with a high-fiber entrée and side dish.

c. Serve strawberries with dinner.

Margie's doctor has told her to limit her salt intake. What practice should she follow? a. Use condiments like ketchup and mustard liberally since they are low in calories and salt. b. Eat frozen dinners once each day for a quick, nutritious meal. c. Use herbs and spices as seasonings rather than salt. d. Avoid using no-salt-added products since these will trigger cravings for salty snacks. e. Eat canned vegetables with labels that say "normal salt" to obtain the correct amount of salt in her diet.

c. Use herbs and spices as seasonings rather than salt.

Which is a potential side effect from eating abundant carotenoid plant foods? a. night blindness b. dry, scaly skin c. a temporary orange tint to skin d. toxic levels of vitamin A in the bloodstream e. excessive calcium intake

c. a temporary orange tint to skin

Desmond weighs 220 pounds. Approximately how much of his body weight can be attributed to water? a. 66 pounds b. 88 pounds c. 110 pounds d. 132 pounds e. 165 pounds

d. 132 pounds

What food serving provides the least amount of calcium? a. 1 cup fortified orange juice b. ½ cup tofu c. 1 cup yogurt d. 2 tablespoons almond butter e. 3 oz canned salmon with bones

d. 2 tablespoons almond butter

Margaret weighs 165 pounds. How many pounds can be attributed to water weight? a. 58 pounds b. 66 pounds c. 83 pounds d. 99 pounds e. 124 pounds

d. 99 pounds

Which individual is at lowest risk for a vitamin D deficiency? a. An elderly house-bound male b. A Hispanic female c. A female that lives in New York in the winter d. A male college track runner e. An African-American male

d. A male college track runner

What will happen if you do not consume enough calcium on a particular day? a. Blood calcium levels will drop. b. Nerve signaling will stop, so the heart cannot beat. c. A blood clot will not form if an injury occurs. d. Blood calcium levels will remain in the normal range because calcium is released from the bone to the blood. e. The cells will have insufficient energy to meet their needs.

d. Blood calcium levels will remain in the normal range because calcium is released from the bone to the blood.

Calcium is involved in all of the following functions except: a. Calcium deposits into bones and teeth to provide a rigid structure. b. Calcium is necessary for blood clotting. c. Calcium is necessary for nerve functioning. d. Calcium provides energy for cells. e. Calcium is necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation.

d. Calcium provides energy for cells.

What is a symptom of zinc deficiency? a. Anemia b. Cold intolerance c. Susceptibility to tooth decay d. Delayed development of sexual organs e. Underactive thyroid gland

d. Delayed development of sexual organs

What is a correct pairing of the vitamin with an associated deficiency symptom? a. Vitamin C - pellegra b. Vitamin D - night blindness c. Thiamin - eye problems d. Folate - neural tube defects e. Vitamin A - osteomalacia in adults

d. Folate - neural tube defects

What happens whenever calcium concentration in the blood falls too low? a. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland. b. Intestinal absorption of calcium is slowed. c. Calcium excretion by the kidneys increases. d. Hormones initiate the release of calcium from the bones. e. The calcium in the blood is stored in the bone to prevent further calcium loss.

d. Hormones initiate the release of calcium from the bones.

What is the primary role of the B-family of vitamins? a. It assists in forming and maintaining healthy red blood cells. b. It prevents oxidative damage lowering the risk for age-related macular degeneration. c. It boosts the body's ability to fight infection. d. It helps enzymes release energy from absorbed nutrients. e. It assists in the absorption of iron.

d. It helps enzymes release energy from absorbed nutrients.

Which type of cancer is not associated with low fruit and vegetable intake? a. Breast b. Pancreatic c. Lung d. Liver e. Stomach

d. Liver

Which of the following is true about bottled water? a. It is less expensive than tap water. b. It is always safer and healthier than tap water. c. The FDA has quality standards that bottled water must meet. d. Some bottled waters come from the same municipal water supply that tap water does. e. It is always filtered with fluoride added.

d. Some bottled waters come from the same municipal water supply that tap water does.

Who is at low-risk for iron-deficiency anemia? a. Tina who is female, 17, and a vegetarian. b. Tom who is male and loves meat and potatoes. c. Mary who is 62 and past menopause. d. Tom and Mary e. Tina and Mary

d. Tom and Mary

Chromium's role in energy metabolism is _____. a. to enable proteins to do their specific jobs by helping hold a specific shape b. to regulate body temperature and metabolism c. to synthesize the active form of thyroid hormone. d. to enhance insulin's ability to help the cells take up glucose e. to control the rate at which the cells use oxygen and energy

d. to enhance insulin's ability to help the cells take up glucose

James has a family history of hypertension. What is the best advice to give him about food choices to reduce risk of developing high blood pressure? a. Processed foods will not aggravate blood pressure if balanced with fruits and vegetables. b. Don't add salt at the table. c. Exercise should be avoided to prevent additional pressure from being placed on heart and blood vessels. d. Focus on losing a significant amount of weight to see modest reductions in blood pressure. e. Choose more whole foods high in potassium and fewer processed foods.

e. Choose more whole foods high in potassium and fewer processed foods.

Which characteristic is not commonly associated with causing an iron deficiency? a. Limited access to food supply b. Intestinal bleeding due to a parasitic infection c. Eating very few iron-rich foods d. Blood loss from surgery e. Male gender

e. Male gender

Sarah thinks she consumes too much caffeine. What is a strategy recommended for decreasing caffeine intake? a. Go cold-turkey and cut all caffeine out starting today. b. Swap her normal soft drink for a diet soft drink. c. Swap her morning cup of coffee for an energy drink, d. Swap her morning cup of coffee for an espresso since they are much smaller in size. e. Mix decaffeinated coffee with regular coffee and gradually use less regular.

e. Mix decaffeinated coffee with regular coffee and gradually use less regular.

What is a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins? a. Toxic levels are often reached. b. Long-term storage is available in body tissues. c. Excess intake provides enhanced health benefits. d. Deficiency symptoms take several months to a year to show up. e. They are very unstable during food handling and processing.

e. They are very unstable during food handling and processing.

Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of bones? a. Osteoclast cells make new bone tissue. b. Cortical bone is comprised of a lacy network of calcium-containing crystals. c. New blood cells are formed by osteoblasts in the bone marrow. d. At menopause, greater amounts of calcium are deposited in trabecular bone. e. Trabecular bone releases calcium into the blood when calcium levels fall too low.

e. Trabecular bone releases calcium into the blood when calcium levels fall too low.

After conferring with his doctor, John learned that alcohol may be beneficial to his heart health. Which of the following is an appropriate intake for potential benefits from alcoholic consumption? a. Two martinis with no more than 5 ounces of gin b. Two light beers that are 16 ounces each c. Three 12 ounce wine coolers d. Two 3 ounce shots of tequila e. Two 5 ounce glasses of red wine

e. Two 5 ounce glasses of red wine

Jennifer's baby is given an injection of a vitamin before leaving the hospital. The nurse says it is routinely given to prevent excessive bleeding in case of an injury. What vitamin was Jennifer's baby given? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B-12 d. Folate e. Vitamin K

e. Vitamin K

Vitamin A _____. a. is a precursor of beta-carotene b. is found in generous amounts in soybean, sunflower, and safflower oils c. deficiency is definitively diagnosed when night blindness is present d. is a common vitamin deficiency in the United States and Canada e. helps to maintain healthy epithelial tissue

e. helps to maintain healthy epithelial tissue

Iodine in foods _____. a. eaten by Americans is low, thus intakes for this nutrient are below the recommended level b. is generally low in American diets due to the prevalent use of non-iodized salt in the baking industry c. is the leading cause of goiter in developed countries d. such as seafood and dairy products is likely to be minimal e. is proportional to the amount present in the soil in which the foods are grown

e. is proportional to the amount present in the soil in which the foods are grown

Antioxidant vitamins prevent free radicals from attacking cells and causing damage by _____. a. decreasing exposure to environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke and ozone b. eliminating the natural chemical reactions in the body by which free radicals are formed c. stimulating the immune system to fight the free radicals off d. repairing cell membranes and lowering LDL-cholesterol levels e. neutralizing the free radicals and converting them back into stable oxygen molecules

e. neutralizing the free radicals and converting them back into stable oxygen molecules

Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of vitamin A in your body and in food listed in the video? a. retinal b. retinyl esters c. retinol d. retinoic acid e. retinase

e. retinase

A supplement is considered safe ________. a. if it is purchased from a health professional b. if it has positive online reviews c. if it contains more than 150 percent of the DRI d. if it is made of a blend of herbal plants e. until the FDA received documentation of adverse reactions

e. until the FDA received documentation of adverse reactions

Women are at a higher risk than men for developing osteoporosis for all of the following reasons except ____________. a. men tend to not live as long as women b. women are more likely to follow a weight loss diet that is deficient in calcium c. women lose bone mass during pregnancy and lactation when the diet is deficient in calcium d. women's peak bone mass is not as high as men's peak bone mass e. women are more likely to have falls

e. women are more likely to have falls

Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the ___________

liver

Minerals are divided into two categories, _____ and _______.

major, minor

Currently, _____________ regulates energy drinks.

no agency

For healthy individuals without dependency problems, ______ per day is considered a safe amount of alcohol for women and may offer health benefits.

one

_________ and ______ can be found in coffee, tea, and cocoa.

phytochemicals, antioxidants

Most of the excess dietary sodium in the American diet comes from _______

processed foods

___________ is needed to synthesize thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, and it also defends the body from free radicals.

selenium

When a fat-soluble vitamin is consumed in excess of body needs, the excess is usually ______________________

stored in the liver and adipose tissue

___________ does not influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol in the body.

the source of alcohol

___________________protects the body against stress and boosts the functioning of the body's immune system.

vitamin C

Iron's absorption is enhanced when a food rich in _____ is included in the meal.

vitamin c

__________________ can be made by gut microbes.

vitamin k