Sociology - possible test questions

George Herbert mean considered the self to be a. a part of a persons personality that is composed of self awareness and self imagine b. presence of culture within the individual c. basic drives that are self centered d. born with it

a part of a persons personality that is composed of self awareness and self imagine

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by a. Karl Marx. b. Herbert Spencer. c. Adam Smith. d. Auguste Comte

auguste comte

Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach.

auguste comte, Hebert spencers Emile Durkheim

When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States? a. during the Middle Ages b. about 1800 c. about 1900 d. about 2000

1900

The social-conflict approach sometimes receives criticism for a. focusing on values that everyone shares. b. being openly political. c. promoting the status quo. d. ignoring factors like class.

being openly political

Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was a. to understand how society really operates. b. to compare U.S. society to others. c. to foster support for a nation's government. d. to bring about greater social justice.

bring out greater social justice

According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have a. more clinical depression. b. less money, power, and other resources. c. lower social integration. d. greater self-esteem.

c. lower social integration

The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is

conflict theory

subculture refers to... a. part of the popular culture b. people who engage in popular culture c. cultural patterns that set off a part of societies populations d. people who express high culture

cultural patterns that set off a part of societies populations

what is the term for the ways of thinking, acting and material objects that together form a peoples way of life

culture

In freuds model of personality, which element of personality represents a persons effort to balance the demands of society and the innate drives

ego

We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that was a. very traditional. b. experiencing many social changes. c. very poor. d. small and socially isolated.

experiencing many social changes

Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were married to important sociologists.

false

true or false : The focus of the symbolic-interaction approach is how society is divided by class, race, and gender.

false

true or false : When two variables are statistically related, a cause-and-effect relationship always exists

false

true or false : William Edward Burghardt Du Bois encouraged sociologists to avoid studying controversial topics such as racial inequality.

false

true or false: A variable that is changed by another variable is called the "independent variable."

false

true or false: Both Karl Marx and W.E.B. Du Bois carried out their work following the structural-functional approach.

false

true or false: Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates.

false

true or false: In the United States, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites

false

true or false: The goal of the structural-functional approach is not simply to understand how society operates, but to reduce social inequality

false

true or false: The last of Comte's three stages is the metaphysical stage, in which people know the world in terms of God's will.

false

true or false: To say that a social pattern is "dysfunctional" means that it has more than one function for the operation of society.

false

true or false: subculture is more at odds with dominate culture than counterculture.

false

true or false: the eagle in feuds model is the same as concious

false

true or false; cultural universal refers to patterns that are held by everyone in a society

false

________ are rules that are taught everyday in casual living ______ are rules with great moral significance

folkway : more

Sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in a. the United States. b. Japan. c. France. d. China.

france

Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the ______ in the _______. a. good; worst tragedies b. new; old c. specific; general d. general; particular

general ; particular

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called

latent functions

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

computers, and iPhones are examples of

material culture

According to Auguste Comte, people begin to see society as a natural—rather than a supernatural—phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development? a. theological stage b. metaphysical stage c. scientific stage d. post-scientific stage

metaphysical

wrong doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating cultural a. more b. symbols c. folkway d. control

more

the United States is the most_______ of all countries a. multi-cultural b. cultural uniform c. slower changing d. non material

multi-cultural

as part of human culture religion is an example of

nonmaterial culture

cultural transmission refers to the process of

passing cultural patterns from one generation to another

C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed a. common sense into laws of society. b. people into supporters of the status quo. c. personal problems into public issues. d. scientific research into common sense.

personal problems into public issues

the concept refers to a persons fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking and feeling

personality

_____ is a way of understanding the world based on science. a. Tradition b. Positivism c. Metaphysics d. Free will

positivism

Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences? a. social structure b. manifest functions c. social functions d. social dysfunctions

social dysfunctions

Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?

social structures

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"? a. sociology b. psychology c. economics d. history

sociology

Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development? a. theological stage b. metaphysical stage c. scientific stage d. post-scientific stage

theological stage

the ancient remains saw the stars as being gods, Auguste Comte would classify this as

theoretical

true or false : A false correlation between two variables caused by a third variable is described as a "spurious" correlation.

true

true or false : A positivist approach assumes that an objective reality exists "out there."

true

true or false : Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society in the same way that there are laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world.

true

true or false : The structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction approaches are three basic theoretical approaches in sociology.

true

true or false : The symbolic-interaction approach is a micro-level orientation.

true

true or false : To identify cause-and-effect relationships, it is usually necessary to exercise experimental control of variables.

true

true or false : experiencing an unfamiliar culture and generating culture shock

true

true or false : the id in freuds work represent the humans means basic drives which are unconscious and need immediate satisfaction

true

true or false: Harold studies found that 6 months of social isolation was sufficient in permanently damage monkeys

true

true or false: Harriet Martineau, who wrote about the evils of slavery and the need to improve the lives of factory workers, is regarded as the first woman sociologist.

true

true or false: In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women.

true

true or false: Keeping young people out of the labor market is one latent function of higher education.

true

true or false: Like the gender-conflict approach, the race-conflict approach is concerned with social inequality.

true

true or false: Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society.

true

true or false: The sociological perspective reveals the truth of the "common sense" beliefs we tend to take for granted.

true

true or false: culture change results from discovery, invention and diffusion

true

true or false: many researchers have studied outward behavior George Herbert mean focused on symbolic meaning specifically the meaning people attach to behavior

true

true or false: mores are norms that have great moral significants

true

true or false: symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture

true

In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following? a. white males b. African American males c. white females d. African American females

white males

the tragic case of Anna the isolated girl that was studied by kingly Davis shows that a. humans have the same instincts as animals b. without social experience a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action c. personality is present in humans at birth d. many human instincts disappear within the few years

without social experience a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action

in menes model, which sequence correctly orders the stages of developing self

Imitation, play, game, generalized other