Sociology - possible test questions
George Herbert mean considered the self to be a. a part of a persons personality that is composed of self awareness and self imagine b. presence of culture within the individual c. basic drives that are self centered d. born with it
a part of a persons personality that is composed of self awareness and self imagine
The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by a. Karl Marx. b. Herbert Spencer. c. Adam Smith. d. Auguste Comte
auguste comte
Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach.
auguste comte, Hebert spencers Emile Durkheim
When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States? a. during the Middle Ages b. about 1800 c. about 1900 d. about 2000
1900
The social-conflict approach sometimes receives criticism for a. focusing on values that everyone shares. b. being openly political. c. promoting the status quo. d. ignoring factors like class.
being openly political
Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was a. to understand how society really operates. b. to compare U.S. society to others. c. to foster support for a nation's government. d. to bring about greater social justice.
bring out greater social justice
According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have a. more clinical depression. b. less money, power, and other resources. c. lower social integration. d. greater self-esteem.
c. lower social integration
The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is
conflict theory
subculture refers to... a. part of the popular culture b. people who engage in popular culture c. cultural patterns that set off a part of societies populations d. people who express high culture
cultural patterns that set off a part of societies populations
what is the term for the ways of thinking, acting and material objects that together form a peoples way of life
culture
In freuds model of personality, which element of personality represents a persons effort to balance the demands of society and the innate drives
ego
We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that was a. very traditional. b. experiencing many social changes. c. very poor. d. small and socially isolated.
experiencing many social changes
Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were married to important sociologists.
false
true or false : The focus of the symbolic-interaction approach is how society is divided by class, race, and gender.
false
true or false : When two variables are statistically related, a cause-and-effect relationship always exists
false
true or false : William Edward Burghardt Du Bois encouraged sociologists to avoid studying controversial topics such as racial inequality.
false
true or false: A variable that is changed by another variable is called the "independent variable."
false
true or false: Both Karl Marx and W.E.B. Du Bois carried out their work following the structural-functional approach.
false
true or false: Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates.
false
true or false: In the United States, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites
false
true or false: The goal of the structural-functional approach is not simply to understand how society operates, but to reduce social inequality
false
true or false: The last of Comte's three stages is the metaphysical stage, in which people know the world in terms of God's will.
false
true or false: To say that a social pattern is "dysfunctional" means that it has more than one function for the operation of society.
false
true or false: subculture is more at odds with dominate culture than counterculture.
false
true or false: the eagle in feuds model is the same as concious
false
true or false; cultural universal refers to patterns that are held by everyone in a society
false
________ are rules that are taught everyday in casual living ______ are rules with great moral significance
folkway : more
Sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in a. the United States. b. Japan. c. France. d. China.
france
Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the ______ in the _______. a. good; worst tragedies b. new; old c. specific; general d. general; particular
general ; particular
Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called
latent functions
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as
manifest functions
computers, and iPhones are examples of
material culture
According to Auguste Comte, people begin to see society as a natural—rather than a supernatural—phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development? a. theological stage b. metaphysical stage c. scientific stage d. post-scientific stage
metaphysical
wrong doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating cultural a. more b. symbols c. folkway d. control
more
the United States is the most_______ of all countries a. multi-cultural b. cultural uniform c. slower changing d. non material
multi-cultural
as part of human culture religion is an example of
nonmaterial culture
cultural transmission refers to the process of
passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed a. common sense into laws of society. b. people into supporters of the status quo. c. personal problems into public issues. d. scientific research into common sense.
personal problems into public issues
the concept refers to a persons fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking and feeling
personality
_____ is a way of understanding the world based on science. a. Tradition b. Positivism c. Metaphysics d. Free will
positivism
Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences? a. social structure b. manifest functions c. social functions d. social dysfunctions
social dysfunctions
Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?
social structures
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"? a. sociology b. psychology c. economics d. history
sociology
Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development? a. theological stage b. metaphysical stage c. scientific stage d. post-scientific stage
theological stage
the ancient remains saw the stars as being gods, Auguste Comte would classify this as
theoretical
true or false : A false correlation between two variables caused by a third variable is described as a "spurious" correlation.
true
true or false : A positivist approach assumes that an objective reality exists "out there."
true
true or false : Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society in the same way that there are laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world.
true
true or false : The structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction approaches are three basic theoretical approaches in sociology.
true
true or false : The symbolic-interaction approach is a micro-level orientation.
true
true or false : To identify cause-and-effect relationships, it is usually necessary to exercise experimental control of variables.
true
true or false : experiencing an unfamiliar culture and generating culture shock
true
true or false : the id in freuds work represent the humans means basic drives which are unconscious and need immediate satisfaction
true
true or false: Harold studies found that 6 months of social isolation was sufficient in permanently damage monkeys
true
true or false: Harriet Martineau, who wrote about the evils of slavery and the need to improve the lives of factory workers, is regarded as the first woman sociologist.
true
true or false: In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women.
true
true or false: Keeping young people out of the labor market is one latent function of higher education.
true
true or false: Like the gender-conflict approach, the race-conflict approach is concerned with social inequality.
true
true or false: Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society.
true
true or false: The sociological perspective reveals the truth of the "common sense" beliefs we tend to take for granted.
true
true or false: culture change results from discovery, invention and diffusion
true
true or false: many researchers have studied outward behavior George Herbert mean focused on symbolic meaning specifically the meaning people attach to behavior
true
true or false: mores are norms that have great moral significants
true
true or false: symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture
true
In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following? a. white males b. African American males c. white females d. African American females
white males
the tragic case of Anna the isolated girl that was studied by kingly Davis shows that a. humans have the same instincts as animals b. without social experience a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action c. personality is present in humans at birth d. many human instincts disappear within the few years
without social experience a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action
in menes model, which sequence correctly orders the stages of developing self
Imitation, play, game, generalized other