Nutrition Culture Chap 10

2 dietary commonalities exist between diverse asian american cultures

1: emphasis on rice and veggies with relatively little meat 2: cooking techniques that include meticulous attention to preparing ingredients before cooking

high alcohol intake is a problem for what generation of Mexican Americans

1st generation born in US

Lactose intolerance is common in which cultures?

Asian Americans & Mexican Americans

Which meals are usually the meals that are replaced with american foods?

Breakfast and Dinner

Dietary acculturation happens when :

New foods are added to the diet Some traditional foods are replaced by new foods Some traditional foods are rejected.

Soul food is associated with which cultural group?

african american

Every culture has a ranking for its foods that is influenced by

cost and availability

The nutritional implication of the growing multi-cultural nation is that?

cultural sensitivity will become increasingly important to nursing care

Mealtimes vary according to

culture

In the jewish diet meat can NOT be eaten with?

dairy products

Culture overrides flavor in

determining what is offensive or unacceptable

Symbolic use of foods

each culture has food customs and bestows symbolism on certain foods. culture determines which foods are used in celebration and which provide comfort.

The more convenient the meal is the greater the

impact all around on time, budget, and nutrition value.

millet

in american considered "bird seed" in other countries it is a staple used to make bread

Mexican culture views illness as

inevitable

culture is learned not

instinctive

Halal

islamic dietary laws

Most seventh day adventists are

lacto-ovo vegetarians

most buddhists subscribe to ahimsa- and are?

lacto-ovo vegetarians

a negative impact of acculturation on mexican-american food choices is often a decrease in fiber intake related to decrease in the intake of

legumes, vegetables, fruit

Each culture has their own ideas regarding

life, health, and illness and the meaning of each in society

Traditional Mexican diet in general is a diet...

low in fat, high fiber, rich in complex carbs and veggie proteins.

yang

male, hot, light

What is the largest ethnic minority in the US?

mexican american

On the downside, convenience foods tend to be?

high in sodium

Take out cuisines and fast foods are higher in_______? and lower in_______?

higher in fat, calories, and sodium lower in calcium and fiber

For hospitalized clients, ask?

if there are any special customs or religious practices they want performed before or after a meal.

Asian- diseases caused by yin forces are treated with ______ foods?

yang.

asian-pregnancy yin or yang?

yang/hot. so eat yin/cold foods such as fruits, veggies, seaweed, cold drinks, juices, and rice water

buddhism- illness may result from an imbalance of

yin and yang

in asian cultures health and illness are related to the balance between?

yin and yang

some mormons fast_____?

1 day per month

Catholics avoid food and beverages _________ before communion.

1 hour

In jewish diet, dairy products are not allowed within _______ hours after eating meat/poultry.

1-6 hours

3 branches of christianity

1. roman catholicism 2. eastern orthodox Christianity 3. Protestantism

Asian Americans is a diverse population encompassing how many countries?

25

The average american eats out approximately

5 times a week

7th day adventists wait _________ hours between meals without snacking

5-6 hours

The US census projects that by the year 2060, less than _______% of the US population will be white.

50%

Over eating is avoided with

7th day adventists

Which cultural group has the highest prevalence for HTN, Diabetes II, and high iron deficiency anemia?

African American

Which cultural group has the highest prevalence for obesity?

African American

What is the key to understanding the client's level of acculturation?

Asking the right questions, not assuming.

Convenience foods range from?

Convenient ingredients used to make home-cooked meals to complete, ready to heat meals.

How a person chooses to satisfy nutritional requirements is influenced by?

Culture Socioeconomic Status Personal Factors Religion

American cuisine consists of many different foods and cooking methods that have been adapted from cuisines brought to the US by immigrants such as:

Early settlers Native Americans West African slaves Mexican immigrants Chinese & Italian immigrants

Asian diet is high in what preservative?

MSG- linked to high cancer rate

Typical American diet is hard to define. Why?

Melting pot of foods adapted from several cultures

Which culture has the highest HEI score of all ethnic groups?

Mexican American

Convenience Foods

Pre-packaged easy meals. Broadly defined as any product that saves time in food prep, ranging from bagged fresh salad mixes to frozen packaged complete meals.

Symbolims in foods is used?

To express love/celebration To reward or punish To display piety To express moral sentiments To demonstrate belongingness to a group To proclaim the separateness of a group Can be based on gender (man order beer, woman orders strawberry daiquiri)

Questions to ask?

When native foods do you eat daily? What native foods do you no longer eat? What new foods do you eat? What foods do you eat to keep you healthy? What foods do you avoid to prevent illness? Do you balance some foods with other foods? Are their foods you will NOT eat?

In mexican american culture health is viewed as

a gift from god

in African, mexican, American Indian, Caribbean Islanders see being overweight as

a sign of health, beauty, and prosperity

Traditional seasonings vary

among cultures

Foodway

an all encompassing term that refers to all aspects of food including what is edible, the role of certain foods in the diet, how food is prepared, the use of foods, the number and timing of daily meals, how food is eaten, and health benefits related to food.

in the US, bad manners in eating may be associated with

animal behavior. "eats like a pig"

Roman Catholics do not eat meat on

ash wednesday or fridays of lent

In which culture do women have the highest life expectancy?

asian

The prevalence of overweight and obesity are low in which culture

asian

Must of the African American's native heritage has been?

assimilated, lost, or modified.

All cultures eat food

at least once a day

Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of

bad oral hygiene

Less fatty terms:

baked, braised, broiled, cooked in own juices, grilled, poached, roasted, steamed

in america thin is seen as

better

Traditional methods of preparation vary

between and within cultural groups

culture also shapes

body image

Fatty terms:

buttered, battered, breaded, deep fried, au gratin, creamy, crispy, alfredo, bisque, hollandaise, rich, sauteed, french fried, escalloped

Asian Americans are at a higher risk of?

cancer

Leading cause of death among asians

cancer

example of core food

cereal grains, rice, wheat, millet, corn, potatoes, yams, taro, cassava.

Who tend to adopt new ways quickly?

children-to be like their peers

In the us acculturation is linked to increased risk of

chronic diseases and obesity

7th day adventists prohibit

coffee, tea, alcohol

mormons do not use

coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco

yin

cold, female, darkness

core foods are typically

complex carbs

Most chinese food is

cooked

Major food categories include

core foods secondary foods peripheral foods

Soul foods

corn and corn products (grits and cornmeal), are the primary grains. Meats are often breaded and fried. Pork and chicken.

Culture defines what is ?

edible and inedible

culture

encompasses the total way of life of a particular population or community at a given time.

When developing a teaching plan for an overweight immigrant the best approach would be to

encourage more "nutritious" food choices

buddhism- life revolves around nature with its 2 opposing

energy systems of yin and yang

some cultures define foods that create

equilibrium within the body and soul

Traditional mexican american health beliefs are a blend of

european folk medicine introduced from spain and indian rituals

What is a healthy traditional food practice of asian americans?

extensive use of vegetables in mixed dishes

Islam- muslims eat as a matter of

faith and for good health

In the jewish diet only fish with ______ are allowed?

fins and scales NO SEAFOOD

who adheres closely to cultural food patterns

first generation americans

last behaviors people change through acculturation

food habits

peripheral foods

foods eaten sporadically. typically based on an individual's preferences not cultural norm. foods eaten on special occasions. foods not readily available. foods not well tolerated

edible

foods part of person's diet

Haram

foods that are prohibited in islamic diet

inedible

foods usually poisonous or taboo

secondary foods

foods widely consumed but not on a daily basis

mormons limit meats and eat mostly

grains

Foundation of the traditional Asian diet are

grains: rice and wheat

Mexican culture considers some foods to be "hot" or "cold" for

healing purposes

Americans say they are less willing to pay more for

healthy dishes

The typical soul food diet is high in

high in fat, cholesterol, and sodium

religion tends to have a greater impact on food habits than

nationality or culture

ahimsa

nonviolence as applicable to foods

Dietary acculturation

occurs when eating patterns of people who move change to resemble those of the host country.

Food Americans eat

pizza, chinese food, hamburgers/sandwiches (top 3 take out items)

A greater proportion of African Americans are considered to have ______ diets when compared to the general population.

poor

In the Jewish diet _____ is prohibited

pork

Those 7th day adventists that do eat meat avoid

pork

islam- what food/drink is prohibited?

pork & alcohol

Mexican American most used animal proteins

pork, goat, poultry

The typical soul food diet is low in

potassium, fiber, and calcium

Healthy tip- At a buffet

practice plate method: one quarter meat, 3 quarters plants

core foods

provide a significant source of calories and are regularly included in the diet, usually on a daily basis

Tips for balancing convenience with nutrition

read the label to comparison shop. look for "healthy" on the label add healthy side dishes

To be labeled a food, an item must be?

readily available, safe, and nutritious enough to support reproduction

Cross-cultural food creations

reaffirm the ongoing melting pot nature of American cuisine. Example: Tex- Mex Wontons & tofu lasagna

who does not have direct native connections and may only follow food traditions during holidays?

second generation americans

Catholics fast

several times during the year

Asians intake of _______ is assumed to be high?

sodium

A chinese american has been advised a low sodium diet. they should consume less

soy sauce

Culture resists change but is not

static

Which meal is retained for major dinner meals in acculturated diets?

supper

Acculturation

take on a new culture

New immigrants may not know

the names of american foods

Nutritional requirements among people of similar age and gender are essentially...

the same throughout the world.

Mexican American diet staple

tortillas- often available at every meal

example of secondary foods

veggies, legumes, nuts, fish, eggs, meats

Soul food evolved from

west africa

When choosing a convenience food americans say they choose ones that ?

will help them maintain a healthy diet

Kosher

word used to identify jewish dietary laws that define "clean" foods, "unclean" foods, how food animals must be slaughtered, how goods must be prepared, and when foods may be consumed.

islam- health and foods are considered acts of

worship for which allah must be thanked