Nutrition Culture Chap 10
2 dietary commonalities exist between diverse asian american cultures
1: emphasis on rice and veggies with relatively little meat 2: cooking techniques that include meticulous attention to preparing ingredients before cooking
high alcohol intake is a problem for what generation of Mexican Americans
1st generation born in US
Lactose intolerance is common in which cultures?
Asian Americans & Mexican Americans
Which meals are usually the meals that are replaced with american foods?
Breakfast and Dinner
Dietary acculturation happens when :
New foods are added to the diet Some traditional foods are replaced by new foods Some traditional foods are rejected.
Soul food is associated with which cultural group?
african american
Every culture has a ranking for its foods that is influenced by
cost and availability
The nutritional implication of the growing multi-cultural nation is that?
cultural sensitivity will become increasingly important to nursing care
Mealtimes vary according to
culture
In the jewish diet meat can NOT be eaten with?
dairy products
Culture overrides flavor in
determining what is offensive or unacceptable
Symbolic use of foods
each culture has food customs and bestows symbolism on certain foods. culture determines which foods are used in celebration and which provide comfort.
The more convenient the meal is the greater the
impact all around on time, budget, and nutrition value.
millet
in american considered "bird seed" in other countries it is a staple used to make bread
Mexican culture views illness as
inevitable
culture is learned not
instinctive
Halal
islamic dietary laws
Most seventh day adventists are
lacto-ovo vegetarians
most buddhists subscribe to ahimsa- and are?
lacto-ovo vegetarians
a negative impact of acculturation on mexican-american food choices is often a decrease in fiber intake related to decrease in the intake of
legumes, vegetables, fruit
Each culture has their own ideas regarding
life, health, and illness and the meaning of each in society
Traditional Mexican diet in general is a diet...
low in fat, high fiber, rich in complex carbs and veggie proteins.
yang
male, hot, light
What is the largest ethnic minority in the US?
mexican american
On the downside, convenience foods tend to be?
high in sodium
Take out cuisines and fast foods are higher in_______? and lower in_______?
higher in fat, calories, and sodium lower in calcium and fiber
For hospitalized clients, ask?
if there are any special customs or religious practices they want performed before or after a meal.
Asian- diseases caused by yin forces are treated with ______ foods?
yang.
asian-pregnancy yin or yang?
yang/hot. so eat yin/cold foods such as fruits, veggies, seaweed, cold drinks, juices, and rice water
buddhism- illness may result from an imbalance of
yin and yang
in asian cultures health and illness are related to the balance between?
yin and yang
some mormons fast_____?
1 day per month
Catholics avoid food and beverages _________ before communion.
1 hour
In jewish diet, dairy products are not allowed within _______ hours after eating meat/poultry.
1-6 hours
3 branches of christianity
1. roman catholicism 2. eastern orthodox Christianity 3. Protestantism
Asian Americans is a diverse population encompassing how many countries?
25
The average american eats out approximately
5 times a week
7th day adventists wait _________ hours between meals without snacking
5-6 hours
The US census projects that by the year 2060, less than _______% of the US population will be white.
50%
Over eating is avoided with
7th day adventists
Which cultural group has the highest prevalence for HTN, Diabetes II, and high iron deficiency anemia?
African American
Which cultural group has the highest prevalence for obesity?
African American
What is the key to understanding the client's level of acculturation?
Asking the right questions, not assuming.
Convenience foods range from?
Convenient ingredients used to make home-cooked meals to complete, ready to heat meals.
How a person chooses to satisfy nutritional requirements is influenced by?
Culture Socioeconomic Status Personal Factors Religion
American cuisine consists of many different foods and cooking methods that have been adapted from cuisines brought to the US by immigrants such as:
Early settlers Native Americans West African slaves Mexican immigrants Chinese & Italian immigrants
Asian diet is high in what preservative?
MSG- linked to high cancer rate
Typical American diet is hard to define. Why?
Melting pot of foods adapted from several cultures
Which culture has the highest HEI score of all ethnic groups?
Mexican American
Convenience Foods
Pre-packaged easy meals. Broadly defined as any product that saves time in food prep, ranging from bagged fresh salad mixes to frozen packaged complete meals.
Symbolims in foods is used?
To express love/celebration To reward or punish To display piety To express moral sentiments To demonstrate belongingness to a group To proclaim the separateness of a group Can be based on gender (man order beer, woman orders strawberry daiquiri)
Questions to ask?
When native foods do you eat daily? What native foods do you no longer eat? What new foods do you eat? What foods do you eat to keep you healthy? What foods do you avoid to prevent illness? Do you balance some foods with other foods? Are their foods you will NOT eat?
In mexican american culture health is viewed as
a gift from god
in African, mexican, American Indian, Caribbean Islanders see being overweight as
a sign of health, beauty, and prosperity
Traditional seasonings vary
among cultures
Foodway
an all encompassing term that refers to all aspects of food including what is edible, the role of certain foods in the diet, how food is prepared, the use of foods, the number and timing of daily meals, how food is eaten, and health benefits related to food.
in the US, bad manners in eating may be associated with
animal behavior. "eats like a pig"
Roman Catholics do not eat meat on
ash wednesday or fridays of lent
In which culture do women have the highest life expectancy?
asian
The prevalence of overweight and obesity are low in which culture
asian
Must of the African American's native heritage has been?
assimilated, lost, or modified.
All cultures eat food
at least once a day
Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of
bad oral hygiene
Less fatty terms:
baked, braised, broiled, cooked in own juices, grilled, poached, roasted, steamed
in america thin is seen as
better
Traditional methods of preparation vary
between and within cultural groups
culture also shapes
body image
Fatty terms:
buttered, battered, breaded, deep fried, au gratin, creamy, crispy, alfredo, bisque, hollandaise, rich, sauteed, french fried, escalloped
Asian Americans are at a higher risk of?
cancer
Leading cause of death among asians
cancer
example of core food
cereal grains, rice, wheat, millet, corn, potatoes, yams, taro, cassava.
Who tend to adopt new ways quickly?
children-to be like their peers
In the us acculturation is linked to increased risk of
chronic diseases and obesity
7th day adventists prohibit
coffee, tea, alcohol
mormons do not use
coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco
yin
cold, female, darkness
core foods are typically
complex carbs
Most chinese food is
cooked
Major food categories include
core foods secondary foods peripheral foods
Soul foods
corn and corn products (grits and cornmeal), are the primary grains. Meats are often breaded and fried. Pork and chicken.
Culture defines what is ?
edible and inedible
culture
encompasses the total way of life of a particular population or community at a given time.
When developing a teaching plan for an overweight immigrant the best approach would be to
encourage more "nutritious" food choices
buddhism- life revolves around nature with its 2 opposing
energy systems of yin and yang
some cultures define foods that create
equilibrium within the body and soul
Traditional mexican american health beliefs are a blend of
european folk medicine introduced from spain and indian rituals
What is a healthy traditional food practice of asian americans?
extensive use of vegetables in mixed dishes
Islam- muslims eat as a matter of
faith and for good health
In the jewish diet only fish with ______ are allowed?
fins and scales NO SEAFOOD
who adheres closely to cultural food patterns
first generation americans
last behaviors people change through acculturation
food habits
peripheral foods
foods eaten sporadically. typically based on an individual's preferences not cultural norm. foods eaten on special occasions. foods not readily available. foods not well tolerated
edible
foods part of person's diet
Haram
foods that are prohibited in islamic diet
inedible
foods usually poisonous or taboo
secondary foods
foods widely consumed but not on a daily basis
mormons limit meats and eat mostly
grains
Foundation of the traditional Asian diet are
grains: rice and wheat
Mexican culture considers some foods to be "hot" or "cold" for
healing purposes
Americans say they are less willing to pay more for
healthy dishes
The typical soul food diet is high in
high in fat, cholesterol, and sodium
religion tends to have a greater impact on food habits than
nationality or culture
ahimsa
nonviolence as applicable to foods
Dietary acculturation
occurs when eating patterns of people who move change to resemble those of the host country.
Food Americans eat
pizza, chinese food, hamburgers/sandwiches (top 3 take out items)
A greater proportion of African Americans are considered to have ______ diets when compared to the general population.
poor
In the Jewish diet _____ is prohibited
pork
Those 7th day adventists that do eat meat avoid
pork
islam- what food/drink is prohibited?
pork & alcohol
Mexican American most used animal proteins
pork, goat, poultry
The typical soul food diet is low in
potassium, fiber, and calcium
Healthy tip- At a buffet
practice plate method: one quarter meat, 3 quarters plants
core foods
provide a significant source of calories and are regularly included in the diet, usually on a daily basis
Tips for balancing convenience with nutrition
read the label to comparison shop. look for "healthy" on the label add healthy side dishes
To be labeled a food, an item must be?
readily available, safe, and nutritious enough to support reproduction
Cross-cultural food creations
reaffirm the ongoing melting pot nature of American cuisine. Example: Tex- Mex Wontons & tofu lasagna
who does not have direct native connections and may only follow food traditions during holidays?
second generation americans
Catholics fast
several times during the year
Asians intake of _______ is assumed to be high?
sodium
A chinese american has been advised a low sodium diet. they should consume less
soy sauce
Culture resists change but is not
static
Which meal is retained for major dinner meals in acculturated diets?
supper
Acculturation
take on a new culture
New immigrants may not know
the names of american foods
Nutritional requirements among people of similar age and gender are essentially...
the same throughout the world.
Mexican American diet staple
tortillas- often available at every meal
example of secondary foods
veggies, legumes, nuts, fish, eggs, meats
Soul food evolved from
west africa
When choosing a convenience food americans say they choose ones that ?
will help them maintain a healthy diet
Kosher
word used to identify jewish dietary laws that define "clean" foods, "unclean" foods, how food animals must be slaughtered, how goods must be prepared, and when foods may be consumed.
islam- health and foods are considered acts of
worship for which allah must be thanked
