Nutrition Exam 1 Ch 1 - 3
Nutrients enter the bloodstream only through hepatic portal circulation a. true b. false
b. false
The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a selected nutrient would meet the needs of approximately what percentage of individuals in a population? a. 33% b. 50% c. 75% d. 99%
50%
Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?
fats, carbohydrates
The Estimated Average Requirements are generally higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowances. a. True b. False
False
what has been found to be the primary cause of ulcers? a. H. pylori bacteria b. E.coli bacteria
H.pylori bacteria
What does RDA represent?
Recommended dietary allowance
Which reference value meets 97% of all healthy individuals' needs? a. EAR b. RDA c. UL d. AI
RDA
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended Dietary Allowance
What does USP stand for?
United States Pharmacopeia
what is placebo?
a fake medicine that is indistinguishable from the real thing
For a 2,000-kcalorie diet, MyPlate recommends how many ounce-equivalents of grains each day? a. 6 b. 7 c. 3 d. 5
a. 6
For a 2000 kcalorie diet, MyPlate recommends how many ounce-equivalent of grains each day? a. 6 b. 7 c. 3 d. 5
a. 6
Nutrition Facts labels include information about which vitamins? a. A & C b. A & E c. A & D d. C & D
a. A & C
____________ are used when not enough information is available to establish an EAR for a particular nutrient. a. AIs b. DRIs c. RDAs d. ULs
a. AIs
MyPlate stresses which key concepts? a. Activity, moderation, variety, proportionality b. Activity, variety, nutrient density, balance c. Moderation, nutrient density, discretionary kcalories, limitations d. Proportionality, balance, discretionary kcalories, limitations
a. Activity, moderation, variety, proportionality
MyPlate stresses which key concepts? a.Activity, moderation, variety, proportionality b. Activity, variety, nutrient density, balance c. Moderation, nutrient density, discretionary kcalories, limitations d. Proportionality, balance, discretionary kcalories, limitations
a. Activity, moderation, variety, proportionality
Which three components are used in assessing nutrition status? a. Dietary intake, clinical assessment, laboratory measurements b. Physical exam, clinical assessment, medical history c. Clinical assessment, medical history, dietary intake d. Laboratory measurements, physical exam, clinical assessment
a. Dietary intake, clinical assessment, laboratory measurements
The nutritional status of a population is monitored by a survey process known as: a. NHANES b. food disappearance c. FAPIII d. TracData
a. NHANES
The nutritional status of a population is monitored by a survey process known as: a. NHANES b. Food disappearance c. FAPIII d. TracData
a. NHANES
Which statement about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is true? a. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices that will promote health. b. They provide recommendations for specific amounts of nutrients and food components. c. They are a pictorial representation of steps towards a healthier you. d. They stress the key concepts of activity, moderation, proportionality, and variety.
a. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices that will promote health.
you have a tendency to get heartburn.Which is the best thing to do? a. eat small meals b. lie down until the pain goes away
a. eat small meals
Which statement about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is true? a. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices that will promote health. b. They provide recommendations for specific amounts of nutrients and food components. c. They are a pictorial representation of steps towards a healthier you. d. They stress the key concepts of activity, moderation, proportionality, and variety.
a. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices that will promote health.
All of the following are true about exchange lists except: a. Using this food group system, diets can be designed to meet individual tastes and preferences. b. Potatoes are included in the starch exchange list. c. The food group system is used extensively in planning diabetic and weight loss diets. d. Foods are grouped according to their nutrient composition regardless of their energy
a. Using this food group system, diets can be designed to meet individual tastes and preferences.
which one of the following meals will leave out of the stomach the quickest? a. a high-carbohydrate meal b. a high-protein meal c. a high-fat meal d. a high-calorie meal
a. a high-carbohydrate meal
what is true regarding the difference between a hypothesis and a theory a. a hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning. b. hypotheses are not tested; theories are tested c. theories are the foundation of hypotheses d. a hypothesis is tested using quantifiable data; theories are tested using subjective data
a. a hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.
To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain, the MyPlate guide recommends: a. a minimum of 150 minutes of activity weekly. b. 30 minutes most days of the week. c. 60 minutes 3 days of the week. d. 75-100 minutes of vigorous activity every 10 days.
a. a minimum of 150 minutes of activity weekly
the 2 major exclusive digestive function of the digestive system are digestion and a. absorption of nutrients b. metabolism of nutrients
a. absorption of nutrient
What are the factors used to calculate the Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs)? a. age, gender, weight, height, activity b. age, macronutrient intakes, activity c. gender, weight, height, ethnicity d. age, weight, height, state of health
a. age, gender, weight, height, activity
digestie system changes such as swallowing difficulty, decreased taste, tooth decay, atrophy, gastritis, and constipation are associated with what life stage a. aging b. infancy c. pregnancy d. adolescence
a. aging
An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if: a. an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements. b. the individual cannot absorb nutrients efficiently. c. the individual's diet is not varied enough. d. the individual overeats a particular food.
a. an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements
What assessment tool is used when a person's height, weight, limb circumference, and skinfold thickness are needed? a. Anthropometric measurements b. Laboratory measurements c. Biochemical measurements d. Clinical measurements
a. anthropometric measurements
the body's defense against foreign substances include all of the following except: a. antigens b. phagocytes c. lymphocytes d. antibodies
a. antigens
what is the correct sequence from simplest to most complex? a. atoms, molecules, tissues, organs b. molecules, tissues, atoms, organs c. tissues, atoms, molecules, organs d. organs, tissues, atoms, molecules
a. atoms, molecules, tissues, organs
What term best describes including both healthful and indulgent foods in your eating plan? a. balance b. variety c. moderation d. nutrient density
a. balance
the term best describes including both healthful and indulgent foods in your eating plan? a. balance b. variety c. moderation d. nutrient density
a. balance
What is the name of the study that compares nutrient intake with its excretion? a. balance study b. depletion/repletion study c. correlation study d. case-control study
a. balance study
Pancreas secretions contain digestive enzymes and: a. bicarbonate ions. b. bile. c. cholecystokinin (CCK). d. chyme.
a. bicarbonate ions
What is not an anthropometric measurement? a. blood glucose level b. Height c. Weight in kilograms d. Wrist circumference
a. blood glucose levels
How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined? a. By contribution to total weight b. By contribution to total volume c. By nutrient density d. In alphabetical order
a. by contribution to total weight
Nutrition Facts labels contain information about which minerals? a. Calcium and iron b. Calcium and zinc c. Iron and magnesium d. Iron and zinc
a. calcium and iron
Which of the following provides an accurate description of how metabolic waste products can be eliminated from the body? a. Carbon dioxide is released through respiration. b. Absorbed waste products are eliminated in feces. c. Protein molecules are eliminated by the glomerulus. d. Water elimination is controlled primarily by the respiratory system.
a. carbon dioxide is released through respiration
which on of the following is true about metabolic pathways? a. catabolic pathways result in the production of adenosine triphosphate b. coenzymes are not important in metabolism c. adenosine triphosphate contains low energy chemical bonds. d. anabolic pathways result in the breakdown of substances.
a. catabolic pathways result int eh production of adenosine triphosphate
The chemical breakdown of glucose to produce energy is an example of: a. catabolism. b. anabolism. c. digestion. d. excretion.
a. catabolism
"Heartburn" is typically: a. caused by acidic stomach contents leaking back through the gastroesophageal sphincter. b. more common in men and those who are underweight. c. caused when the stomach bulges through the diaphragm. d. all of the choices are true.
a. caused by acidic stomach contents leaking back through the gastroesophageal sphincter
Activity in the digestive tract begins in response to the sight and smell of food. This is referred to as the _________ response. a. cephalic b. gastric c. intestinal d. cognitive
a. cephalic
Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest? a. Cheeseburger, small French fries, small soft drink, ice cream b. Grilled chicken breast, mashed potato with butter, green beans, skim milk c. Tuna sandwich on whole wheat, pickle, ice tea d. Rice Krispies, skim milk, blueberries, coffee
a. cheeseburger, small French fires, small soft drink, ice cream
Which of the following structures is located past (beyond) the ileocecal valve? a. Colon b. Common bile duct c. Stomach d. Pharynx
a. colon
which of the following is an example of probiotic therapy? a. eating yogurt containing live bacteria b. taking an antibiotic to clear up an infection
a. eating yogurt containing live bacteria
How does malnutrition impact our health? a. Energy deficiency can cause poor growth. b. It takes a long time for nutrient deficiencies to produce any symptoms. c. Undernutrition promotes the ability to reproduce. d. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of heart disease.
a. energy deficiency can cause poor growth.
There are four main ways that nutrients are absorbed. They are simple diffusion, osmosis, ______and active transport a. facilitated diffusion b. non-facilitated diffusion c. digestion d. all answer choices are correct
a. facilitated diffusion
Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the blood? a. Fat b. Water c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Glucose
a. fat
prebiotics are: a. fermentable fibers that feed the bacteria in the large intestine b. applied to wounds to aid healing
a. fermentable fibers the feed the bacteria in the large intesinte
Empty calories are: a. from added sugars and/or solid fats. b. contributed by junk foods and are completely banned in a healthy diet. c. suggested to be limited to ≤ 50% of the kcals in a healthy diet. d. the kcals consumed when an eating plan other than MyPlate is followed.
a. from added sugars and/or solid fats
Muscular waves in the stomach mix and churn the contents of a meal with: a. gastric juices b. pancreatic juice c. sodium bicarbonate d. bile
a. gastric juices
Which one of the following statements describes cellular respiration? a. in the prescience of oxygen, nutrients are broken down to form carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. b. the metabolic pathway uses the energy from ATP to form smaller molecules. c. oxygen produced by the cells is transported to the lungs where it is eliminated in the exhaled air. d. glucose is passed down a chain of molecules to form carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
a. in the presence of oxygen, nutrients are broken down to form carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
During ________________, the digestive system can absorb whole intact proteins. a. infancy b. aging adulthood c. adulthood d. childhood
a. infancy
Which organ filters metabolic waste products out of the blood? a. Kidneys b. Small intestine c. Pancreas d. Spleen
a. kidneys
what is the name given to the vessels that carry fat particles from the intestine to the rest of the body? a. lacteal b. capillary c. artery d. vein
a. lacteal
the three classes of energy-yielding nutrients are: a. lipid, carbohydrate, protein b. starch, protein, and lipid c. carbohydrate, lipid, and minerals d. protein, lipid, and water
a. lipid, carbohydrate, and protein
which organ is the gatekeeper for absorbed water soluble nutrients? a. liver b. brain
a. liver
The purpose of the AMDRs is to: a. make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet. b. inform people how to choose from all the different food groups. c. allow individuals to calculate their energy needs and to determine how their diet meets these needs. d. encourage individuals to make healthy food choices
a. make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.
Transit time is the rate at which food: a. moves through the digestive tract. b. is swallowed. c. is absorbed into the blood. d. is broken down into chyme.
a. moves through the digestive tract
What is true about nutrients? a. Nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life. b. Approximately 20 nutrients are considered essential to human life. c. The body makes all the nutrients it needs d. Foods are the only sources of nutrients.
a. nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life.
The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called: a. nutrigenomics. b. genetic nutritional variation. c. nutritional genomic analysis. d. nutrient gene factor identification.
a. nutrigenomics
Which foods or beverages are recommended to be increased in order to maintain and achieve a healthy body weight? a. Peas and beans b. Cheese and fruits c. Fruit drinks d. Alcoholic beverages
a. peas and beans
The primary function of the large intestine is to: a. prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion. b. absorb digested nutrients. c. neutralize chyme. d. all of these choices are correct.
a. prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion
a primary function of large intestine is to: a. prepare unabsorbed food residue for excretion b. provide a surface for nutrient absorption
a. prepare unabsorbed food residue for excretion
Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? a. Prescribing what a person should eat each day b. Prevention of nutrient deficiencies c. Promotion of healthful eating d. Reduction of chronic diseases
a. prescribing what a person should eat each day
What is an advantage of using a 24-hour dietary recall for assessing food intake? a. Repeated recalls of the same person are more accurate estimates of typical intake. b. All food consumed must be weighed and measured. c. A written record is required for all food and beverages consumed in a single day. d. They provide a general picture of a person's typical pattern of food intake.
a. repeated recalls of the same person are more accurate estimates of typical intake.
the pancreas: a. secreta a variety of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate b. secretes bile c. helps primarily in fat digestion; very little with protein and carbohydrate digestion d. isn't really involved in the digestive process
a. secretes a variety of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
The release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine is controlled by: a. secretin and CCK. b. stimulation of stretch receptors in the stomach. c. gastrin. d. salivary amylase.
a. secretin and CCK
In order to facilitate the movement of chyme through the small intestine the body utilizes: a. segmentation. b. lacteals and microvilli. c. enzymatic activity. d. reverse peristalsis
a. segmentation
The majority of digestion and absorption occurs in the : a. small intestine b. large intestine
a. small intestine
continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on: a. the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results. b. increased funding for the research c. the number of years since the theory was developed. d. how the hypothesis was formed.
a. the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results.
The movement of food through the digestive tract is regulated by: a. the endocrine and nervous systems. b. the lymphatic and muscular systems. c. the respiratory and urinary systems. d. the cardiovascular system.
a. the endocrine and nervous system
which one of the following statements is true about the cardiovascular system? a. the hepatic portal vein transports blood from the GI tract to the liver. b. arteries transport blog and dissolved substances toward the heart. c. capillaries branch to form arterioles to nourish the heart. d. the products of carbohydrate digestion are taken into the lacteals of the lymphatic system.
a. the hepatic portal vein transports blood from the GI tract to the liver
Which statement about dietary supplements is true? a. The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement. b. All dietary supplements are produced according to the same strict laws that govern drug manufacturing. c. All dietary supplements must be approved by the FDA to ensure safety and effectiveness. d. Dietary supplements cannot be removed from the market once they are introduced.
a. the label must include all ingredients in the dietary supplement
The hormone gastrin is released in response to: a. the presence of food in the stomach. b. contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter. c. relaxation of the anal sphincter. d. the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori in the stomach.
a. the presence of food in the stomach
Which one of the following guidelines has been developed to protect the rights of humans and animals used in experimental research? a. The study must first be reviewed by a committee of scientists and nonscientists. b. The subjects may provide an oral consent in order to participate in the study. c. A detailed oral explanation of the study's benefits by the researchers of the study is sufficient. d. Subjects must complete the entire study once they consented to participate.
a. the study must first be reviews by a committee of scientists and nonscientists
When a supplement has the label "made to US Pharmacopeia (USP) quality, purity, and potency standards," all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: a. The supplement is safe and effective. b. The supplement actually contains the ingredients in the amounts listed on the label. c. The supplement will effectively release the nutrients for absorption. d. The supplement meets the requirements for limits on contaminants.
a. the supplement is safe and effective
when a supplement has the label " made to US Pharmacopeia (USP) quality, purity, and potency standards" all of the following statements are TRUE except: a. the supplement is safe and effective b. the supplement actually contains the ingredients in the amounts listed on the label. c. the supplement will effectively release the nutrients for absorption. d. the supplement meets the requirements for limits on contaminants.
a. the supplement is safe and effective.
Active Transport requires energy and a carrier molecule to move nutrients from a lower to a higher concentration. a. true b. False
a. true
Dietary Reference Intakes can be used planning school lunch menus. a. true b. false
a. true
Dietary References Intakes can be used in planning school lunch menus. a. True b. False
a. true
Nutrient and health claims on food and supplement labels are reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. a. True b. False
a. true
Nutrient and health claims on food and supplement labels are reviewed by the food and drug administration a. true b. false
a. true
The liver acts as a gatekeeper between substances absorbed by the intestine and the rest of the body. a. True b. False
a. true
The purpose of the Healthy People Initiative is to promote health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death. a. True b. False
a. true
The purpose of the Healthy People Initiative is to promote health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death. a. true b. false
a. true
the liver acts as a gatekeeper between water-soluble substances absorbed from the intestine and the rest of the body a. true b, false
a. true
the reactions that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP are called cellular respiration a. true b. false
a. true
the thin capillary walls allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and cells a. true b. false
a. true
a primary function of the large intestine is to absorb: a. water b. fiber
a. water
Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a state of malnutrition? a. Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity. b. Vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements. c. Osteoporosis as a result of long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. d. Overweight status as a result of regular ingestion of large portions of energy-dense foods.
a. weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity
Americans do not eat enough of which foods? a. Whole grains, legumes, fruits, dairy b. Legumes, dairy, fruits, chicken c. Fruits, legumes, whole grains, chicken d. Dairy, fruits, chicken, whole grains
a. whole grains, legumes, fruits, dairy
The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in: a. fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol. b. fat, fiber and protein. c. fat, sugar and cholesterol. d. fat, sodium and protein.
a.fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol
For a 2,000-kcalorie diet, MyPlate recommends how many ounces of meat or high-protein food each day? a. 7 b. 5.5 c. 6 d. 6.5
b. 5.5
for a 2000 calorie diet, MyPlate recommends who many ounces of meat or high protein food each day. a. 7 b. 5.5 c. 6 d. 6.5
b. 5.5
Which statement about Helicobacter pylori is true? a. These microorganisms are killed by the low pH of the stomach secretions. b. Dr. B. J. Marshall developed gastric inflammation after he drank a culture of H. pylori. c. H. pylori causes irritable bowel syndrome. d. H. pylori only causes ulcers if the stomach is already inflamed from stress.
b. Dr. B.J. Marshall developed gastric inflammation after he drank a culture of H.pylori
The food available to a population is estimated using what tool? a. NHANES b. Food disappearance survey c. FAPIII d. TracData
b. Food disappearance survey
a chronic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak back ip into eh esophagus causing pain and damaging the esophagus is called: a. an ulcer b. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) c. gallstones d. esophageal hernia
b. GERD
Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)? a. For some groups, there is an established benefit of consuming nutrients at this level. b. It is a not a recommended level for consumption. c. Consuming nutrients at this level will probably cause adverse health effects. d. The UL is set at the level of intake that causes adverse effects in 5% of the population.
b. It is not a recommended level for consumption
Which of the following is true about early nutritional recommendations made in the U.S? a. They were developed in response to widespread obesity during World War II. b. Levels of intake were based on amounts to prevent nutrient deficiencies. c. They were maximal standards to promote growth and development. d. The original dietary standards were the Dietary Reference Intakes.
b. Levels of intake were based on amounts to prevent nutrient deficiencies.
Which is the FALSE statement regarding the MyPlate guidelines? a. No matter your caloric requirements, MyPlate can be effectively used as a guide for eating. b. MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity. c. The amount of the plate covered by each food group is proportional to the amount each group should contribute to a healthy diet. d. MyPlate emphasizes proportionality, variety, moderation and nutrient density.
b. MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity.
Which reference value meets 97% of all healthy people's needs? a. EAR b. RDA c. UL d. AI
b. RDA
a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear and adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear, is called: a. a case control study b. a depletion-repletion study c. a balance study d. a clinical trial
b. a depletion-repletion study
A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is: a. an herbal supplement. b. a phytochemical. c. an enzyme. d. a zoochemical.
b. a phytochemical
antibiotics reduce bacterial levels in the gut. This is a. beneficial to the colon, get an Rx b. a problem, eat yogurt
b. a problem, eat yogurt
The stomach wall is protected from the acidity of the gastric juice by: a. the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. b. a viscous mucus layer. c. the action of gastrin. d. pancreatic secretions.
b. a viscous mucus layer
The most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and: a. metabolism. b. absorption. c. circulation. d. excretion.
b. absorption
The variables used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements include: a. age, BMI, weight and gender. b. age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level. c. physical activity level, gender and BMI. d. gender, age, weight, physical activity level and proportions of kcals consumed as fats.
b. age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level.
The focus of the Dietary Guidance has changed in recent years to match a. an increase in overt nutrient deficiencies. b. an increase in chronic diseases such as diabetes. c. an increase in the number of recommended food groups. d. a decrease in the amount of information found on food labels.
b. an increase in chronic disease such as diabetes.
Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as: a. catabolic. b. anabolic. c. hydrolytic. d. deamination reactions.
b. anabolic
In order for triglycerides to be delivered to the body, they must: a. enter the hepatic portal circulation. b. be absorbed by the lymphatic system. c. be directly released into the bloodstream. d. require increased water consumption.
b. be absorbed by the lymphatic system.
Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label? a. Calories from fat b. Calories per serving as compared to comparable products c. Percent daily values for key nutrients d. Serving size
b. calories per serving as compared to comparable products
which of the following provide dietary fuel to produce ATP? a. fats, carbohydrates, minerals b. carbohydrates, proteins, fats c. fats, carbohydrates, vitamins d. vitamins, fats, minerals
b. carbohydrates, proteins, fats
if an individual decides not to eat milk and meat at the same time during a meal, this would be most likely based on: a. personal preference b. cultural/religious values c. social acceptability d. psychological/emotional factors
b. cultural/religious values
If a nutritionist wants to collect information about a client's dietary habits and patterns, what assessment method would provide the most information? a. 24-hour recall b. Diet history c. Food intake record d. Food diary
b. diet history
If a nutritionist wants to collect information about a client's dietary habits and patterns, what assessment method would provide the most information? a. 24-hour recall b. Diet history c. Food intake record d. Food diary
b. diet history
The Healthy People Initiative: a. is revised every two years. b. encourages community intervention and breast feeding. c. encourages the consumption of a plant-based diet. d. is a plan for adults to avoid chronic disease such as heart disease.
b. encourage community intervention and breast feeding
Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an) a. clinical trial b. epidemiological study c. intervention study d. laboratory study
b. epidemiological study
A food with 20% of the Daily Value of calories from saturated fat is a wise food choice. a. True b. False
b. false
A food with 20% of the Daily Values of calories from saturated fat is a wise food choice. a. true b. false
b. false
Anthropometric measurement don't include body composition assessment. a. true b. false
b. false
Anthropometric measurements do not include body composition assessment. a. True b. False
b. false
The Estimated Average Requirements are generally higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowances: a. true b. false
b. false
a ball of chewed food mixed with saliva in the esophagus is called chyme a. true b. false
b. false
anecdotal reports are based on scientific evidence a. true b. false
b. false
as long as you obtain nutrition information from an individual who has the title of "nutritionist", it is considered to be reliable and accurate a. true b. false
b. false
enteral feeding methods provide all needed nutrients directly into the circulatory system a. true b. false
b. false
food always moves forward int eh small intestine due to peristalsis a. true b. false
b. false
in order to prevent a researcher from introducing bias during the course of a research experiment it would be best to use an experimental design that includes the placebo. a. true b. false
b. false
the cytoplasm is the cellular organelle responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP for cellular activities a. true b. false
b. false
the lymphatic system absorbs: a. all nutrients b. fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein c. no nutrients d. none
b. fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein
The food available to a population is estimated using what tool? a. NHANES b. Food disappearance survey c. FAPIII d. TracData
b. food disappearance survey
A chronic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak back up into the esophagus causing pain and damaging the esophagus is called: a. an ulcer. b. gastroesophageal reflux disease. c. gallstones. d. irritable bowel syndrome.
b. gastroesophageal reflux
On the MyPlate guide, oils are: a. listed in the fat group. b. included and recommendations are given in teaspoons. c. not given specific consideration. d. considered empty calories.
b. included and recommendation are given in teaspoons
which of the following statements about the typical American diet is true? a. intake of whole grains is above the recommended level and less energy is consumed. b. intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended. c. intake of fiber is inadequate and intake of fruits and vegetables is less than recommended. d. intake of fiber is low and fruit and vegetables intake is above recommended levels
b. intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed then expended.
The carrier molecule provides a ____ for the nutrient to cross the cell membrane. a. fluid b. protein c. channel d. carbohydrate
c. channel
When the gastroesophageal sphincter contracts, food: a. flows from the esophagus into the stomach. b. is prevented from reentering the esophagus from the stomach. c. leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. d. is eliminated from the body through the anus.
b. is prevented form reentering the esophagus from the stomach
the energy provided by foods is measured in: a. BTUs b. kilocalories c. thermal equivalents d. watts
b. kilocalories
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine, they are carried to the __________ via the ___________. a. kidneys; capillaries b. liver; hepatic portal vein c. gall bladder; bile duct d. pancreas; lacteals
b. liver; hepatic portal vein
What enzyme prevents bacterial growth in the mouth? a. Amylase b. Lysozyme c. Bacteriocidase d. Lipase
b. lysozyme
Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutritional information? a. dietitians b. mass media (television, magazines, newspapers) c. physicians d. talk radio
b. mass media
The urinary and respiratory systems help the body to remove: a. unabsorbed food residue. b. metabolic waste products. c. excess calories. d. all of these choices are correct.
b. metabolic waste products
The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of: a. sphincters. b. microvilli. c. enterocytes. d. gastric pits.
b. microvilli
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: a. stomach with rennin. b. mouth with salivary amylase. c. small intestine with lactase. d. mouth with lingual lipase.
b. mouth with salivary amylase
carbohydrate digestion begins in the: a. stomach with rennin b. mouth with salivary amylase c. small intestine with lactase d. none of the above
b. mouth with salivary amylase
why is eating a variety of foods important? a. Choosing a variety of foods prevents excessive nutrient intake. b. No one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health. c. It helps to maintain a healthy weight. d. It ensures adequate energy intake for normal growth and development.
b. no one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health
Which one of the statement is true about our present eating habits? a. Increased use of processed and convenience food saves both time and money b. Our modern food supply includes an endless assortment of eating options. c. More young adults are being trained to cook full meals. d. Today's families are enjoying most of their meals leisurely at home.
b. our modern food supply includes endless assortment of eating options.
The pharynx is a cavity shared by the digestive tract and the: a. urinary tract. b. respiratory tract. c. pancreatic duct. d. common bile duct.
b. respiratory tract
heartburn occurs when: a. the cardiovascular system is in distress b. stomach acid leaks into the esophagus c. gastrointestinal enzymes work overtime d. small meals are eaten.
b. stomach acid leaks into the esophagus
Which one of the following statements describes the cell? a. the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element. b. the basic structural and functional unit of plant and animal life. c. formed from two or more atoms of the same element bonded together. d. structural units are made from only organic molecules
b. the basic structural and functional unit of plant and animal life.
which statement is true about the digestive tract? a. it include the stomach and the pancreas b. the liver and the pancreas are NOT accessory organs. c. food in the lumen is outside the body cells. d. undigested food enters the liver
b. the liver and pancreas are NOT accessory organs
Stomach emptying is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: a. the nutrient composition of a meal. b. the time of day the meal is consumed. c. the meal consistency (liquid versus solid). d. emotional states (sadness, anger, stress).
b. the time of day the meal is consumed
Which of the following is true regarding "qualified" health claims? a. They result from significant scientific agreement. b. They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation. c. Their use on food labels does not require FDA approval. d. They can only be used on dietary supplements.
b. they must be accompanied by a statement of explanation.
The function of sphincters in the digestive tract is: a. to coordinate muscular contractions that propel food forward. b. to regulate the flow of food. c. to control the release of bile. d. to regulate enzymatic reactions.
b. to regulate the flow of food
Which statement is NOT true? a. vitamins are only needed in small amounts b. vitamins are inorganic molecules c. vitamins do not provide any energy d. vitamins are used to regulate body processes
b. vitamins are inorganic molecules
Which Dietary Guideline addresses the problem of overweight and obesity? a. physical activity b. weight management c. adequate nutrients within kcalorie needs d. food groups to encourage
b. weight management
Which Dietary Guideline addresses the problem of overweight and obesity? a. Physical activity b. Weight management c. Adequate nutrients within kcalorie needs d. Food groups to encourage
b. weight management
he Dietary Reference Intakes: a. were developed in response to deficiency risk during World War II. b. were developed in response to increased risk of chronic, diet-related diseases. c. are based on the amount needed to prevent deficiencies. d. were first published in 1943.
b. were developed in response to increased risk of chronic, diet-related diseases.
the Dietary reference intakes: a. were developed in response to deficiency risk during WWII b. were developed in response to increased risk on chronic, diet-related disease. c. are based on the amount needed to prevent deficiencies d. were published in 1943.
b. were developed in response to increased risk on chronic, diet-related disease.
Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet. a. 1000 b. 1500 c. 2000 d. 2500
c. 2000
Which of the following statements is TRUE about scientific method? a. A theory is an educated guess made to explain an observation. b. The first step of the scientific method is to make a hypothesis. c. Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true. d. A single experiment is enough to develop a scientific theory.
c. Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true.
Which one of the following statement describes a correct function of nutrients? a. Carbohydrates are involved in oxygen transport b. Proteins are used to harden bone. c. Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules. d. Vitamins form and maintain body structure.
c. Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules
What does the "Daily Value" represent? a. Reference values established for vitamins and minerals. b. Reference values for protein, carbohydrates, and fats. c. Reference values for nutrients in a food to help consumers see how foods fit into their overall diets. d. Reference values established for cholesterol, sodium, fiber, and sugars.
c. Reference values for nutrients in a food to help consumers see how foods fit into their overall diets.
Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs? a. RDAs recommend amounts of nutrients that can serve as a goal for individual intake. b. The RDAs are one component of the DRIs. c. The EARs are derived from the RDAs. d. RDAs are often used in menu planning.
c. The EARs are derived from the RDAs.
Which of the following is NOT true of early nutrition recommendations? a. Recommendations were made to include fruits and green vegetables into a healthy diet and milk in children's diets. b. Dietary standards were established based on what the average working person ate in a typical day. c. The World Health Organization made the first nutrition recommendations. d. The Industrial Revolution led to large numbers of homeless and hungry people not meeting nutrition needs.
c. The World Health Organization made the first nutrition recommendations.
hich of the following is NOT true of early nutrition recommendations? a. Recommendations were made to include fruits and green vegetables into a healthy diet and milk in children's diets. b. Dietary standards were established based on what the average working person ate in a typical day. c. The World Health Organization made the first nutrition recommendations. d. The Industrial Revolution led to large numbers of homeless and hungry people not meeting nutrition needs.
c. The World Health Organization made the first nutrition recommendations.
Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE? a. Food frequency questionnaires do not give specific information about an individual's food intake. b. Food records are reliable but individuals may change their usual intake while recording his or her intake. c. The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes. d. Food intake records should include one weekend day for greatest accuracy.
c. The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.
What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. They encourage Americans to eat acceptable foods and limit variety. b. They specify amounts of nutrients and food components Americans should consume. c. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices to promote health. d. They target people with chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
c. They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices to promote health.
Which reference value is set well above the needs of every health American but will not cause toxicity symptoms if intake from supplements is below this value? a. EAR b. RDA c. UL d. AI
c. UL
Which reference value is set well above the needs of every healthy American but will not cause toxicity symptoms if intake from supplements is below this value? a. EAR b. RDA c. UL d. AI
c. UL
The most common cause of ulcers is: a. chronic use of the pain reliever Tylenol. b. eating large amounts of acidic foods such as peppers and tomatoes. c. a bacterial infection. d. stress.
c. a bacterial infection
The absorption of nutrients by simple diffusion requires: a. a carrier molecule. b. energy. c. a concentration gradient. d. all of these choices are correct.
c. a concentration gradient
Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements? a. A government publication b. A dietitian c. A pamphlet published by the health food store d. A peer-reviewed article available on the Internet
c. a pamphlet published by the health food store
immune activity in the GI tract includes: a. lymphocytes acting as antigens b. red blood cells acting as phagocytes c. acid in the stomach killing most bacteria. d. food allergies, indicating a lack of immune response
c. acid in the stomach killing most bacteria
what is the name of the process that transports substances across a cell membrane with eh aid of a carrier and energy expenditure? a. passive diffusion b. simple diffusion c. active transport d. osmosis.
c. active transport
Which of the following are considered to be a characteristic of a nutrient? a. all nutrient provide energy to the body b. all nutrients are composed of inorganic molecules c. all essential nutrients must be provided by dietary sources. d. Over 70% of Americans consume dietary supplements to meet nutrient needs.
c. all essential nutrient must be provided by dietary sources.
The correct sequence of the organization of life from atoms to organisms is: a. molecules, atoms, cells, and tissues b. atoms, cells, molecules, and tissues c. atoms, molecules, cells, and tissues d. cells, atoms and molecules
c. atoms, molecules, cells and tissues
absorbed nutrients pass into the: a. cardiovascular system b. lymphatic system c. both
c. both
an understanding of the term malnutrition includes: a. that there is no consequence to an individual's overall future health if the occurrence is resolved b. only a decrease in consumption of nutrients c. both an increase and decrease in the consumption of nutrients. d. an association with favorable health outcomes
c. both an increase or decrease in the consumption of nutrients
Which statement is true about restaurant and vending machine food labeling? a. All restaurants must include calorie counts on their menus. b. Vending machine food does not require food labels. c. Calorie information must be posted at the drive through window of fast food chains. d. Fast food chains must print fat content of foods on the menus
c. calorie information must be posted at the drive through window of fast food chains
Information on a food label includes all of the following except: a. serving size b. calories per serving c. calories from carbohydrates d. calories from fat.
c. calories from carbohydrates
Information on a food label includes all of the following except: a. serving size. b. calories per serving. c. calories from carbohydrates. d. calories from fat.
c. calories from carbohydrates
One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" . a. choosing at least one food from each food group on the Food Pyramid daily. b. including low calorie food choices to balance high calorie foods at each meal. c. choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups. d. making sure portion sizes are matched to energy needs.
c. choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups
How is the nutritional health of populations monitored? a. Compilations of medical records. b. Monitoring of food wastes. c. Comparisons of trends in food intake and health. d. Estimation of food intake among healthy individuals.
c. comparisons of trends in food intake and health
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when: a. large quantities of food are consumed by highly trained athletes. b. people are recovering from surgery and need more kcalories. c. dietary supplements are taken. d. people eat meat from wild game animals.
c. dietary supplements are taken.
what term best describes the process of breaking food into components small enough to be absorbed into he body? a. absorption b. transit time c. digestion d. peristalsis
c. digestion
which of the following is an example of a nutrient function of carbohydrates? a. principal component of cell membranes b. helps to regulate blood volume c. energy source for cells d. helps to define shape
c. energy source for cells
In order for human subjects to be used in a study, researchers must do all of the following except: a. verbally explain the study to all subjects b. provide a written explanation to all subjects c. ensure that all participants complete the study d. obtain all participants' signature indicating they fully understand their role in the study
c. ensure that all participants complete the study
_______ are protein molecules that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. a. Hormones b. Chylomicrons c. Enzymes d. Buffers
c. enzymes
Which of the following statements is true about metabolism? a. glycogen is used a regulatory molecule. b. fatty acids can be used to make glucose. c. excess amino acids can be stored as body fat. d. amino acids are stored in the liver as glycogen.
c. excess amino acids can be stored as body fat
Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Limit your intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat. b. Limit consumption of foods containing refined grains and added sugars. c. Exercise three times a week. d. Balance calories to maintain weight.
c. exercise three times a week
The MyPlate plan separates foods into groups to help Americans apply the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines to their individual diets. These groups are: a. milk, meat, grains, fruits & vegetables and legumes. b. meat, milk, beans & nuts, grains and fruits & vegetables. c. fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy. d. grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and meat, beans & nuts.
c. fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy.
How would donuts be categorized in the MyPlate food plan? a. Grains & dairy b. Protein & grains c. Grains & empty calories d. Empty calories & vegetables
c. grains and empty calories
Which of the leading causes of death are nutrition related? a. heart disease, stroke, kidney disease b. diabetes and heart disease c. heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes d. heart disease, cancer, and stroke
c. heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes
physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. this stable state is called: a. anabolism b. catabolism c. homeostasis d. metabolism
c. homeostasis
Which action of the heart represents its importance in helping to maintain nutritional health and well-being? a. Decreased blood flow to the stomach and small intestines following ingestion of a large meal b. Decreased amount of blood flow to the heart during the resting state to conserve energy c. Increased blood flow to the intestines following a large meal d. Increased blood flow to the muscles during the resting state to maintain energy
c. increased blood flow to the intestines following a large meal.
Which is NOT a goal or objective of the Healthy People Initiative? a. Eliminating health disparities among Americans b. Decreasing prevalence of obesity among adults c. Increasing the number of formula-fed infants in the U.S. d. Reduction of deaths due to heart disease
c. increasing the number of formula-fed infants in the U.S.
One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an): a. case-control study b. epidemiological study c. intervention study d. laboratory study
c. intervention study
Which of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial? a. the researcher do not know who is receiving an intervention and who is not b. placebo reduces the cost of the study c. it helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research d. it makes it possible to include a larger number of subjects in the experiment
c. it helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research.
What is the role of the endocrine system? a. It sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food through the digestive tract. b. It excretes unabsorbed substances into the feces. c. It secretes chemical messengers that help regulate food intake and absorption. d. It allows for the elimination of metabolic wastes.
c. it secretes chemical messengers that help regulate food intake and absorption
What is the role of the endocrine system? a. it sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food through the digestive tract. b. it excretes unabsorbed substances into the feces. c. it secretes chemical messengers that help regulate food intake and absorption. d. it allows for the elimination of metabolic wastes.
c. it secretes chemical messengers that help regulate food intake and absorption
water, most metabolic waste products, and most excess minerals are eliminated from the body through which route? a. feces b. exhaled air c. kidneys d. lungs and skin
c. kidneys
What term best describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy? a. undernutrition b. over nutrition c. malnutrition d. hypo nutrition
c. malnutrition
The sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells is collectively referred to as: a. digestion. b. absorption. c. metabolism. d. hydrolysis.
c. metabolism
the absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of: a. gastric pits b. a lymph vessel (lacteal) c. microvilli
c. microvilli
An AI means that: a. an RDA already exists b. an RDA is not needed c. more research into requirements is needed. d. an average amount of a nutrient is needed for good health.
c. more research into requirements is needed
An Adequate Intake means that: a. an RDA already exists. b. an RDA is not needed. c. more research into requirements is needed. d. an average amount of a nutrient is needed for good health.
c. more research into requirements is needed
Which of the following functions is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients? a. Provide energy b. Form structures c. Regulate body processes d. All of these functions are performed by each of the six classes of nutrients
c. regulate body processes
which mechanism requires no energy to move solutes down their concentration gradient? a. osmosis b. facilitated diffusion c. simple diffusion d. active transport
c. simple diffusion
Which of the following digestive organs is lined with fingerlike projections called villi? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine
c. small intestine
What nutrients, listed on a Nutrition facts label, should be consumed in limited amounts?a. Cholesterol, sugars, calories b. Calories, carbohydrate, sugars c. Sodium, fat, cholesterol, sugars d. Carbohydrate, fat, calories, fibers
c. sodium, fat, cholesterol, sugars
essential nutrients are those that: a. the body needs only in large amounts b. the body does not need from foods c. the body must get from foods d. the body needs in small quantities only
c. the body must get from foods
What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim? a. The national origin of the researchers b. The ability of the scientific news to make headlines c. The study was published in peer-reviewed journals d. The study was supported by government funding
c. the study was published in peer-reviewed journals
What is true about dietary supplements? a. The amounts of ingredients are standardized. b. They are evaluated by U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). c. They are classified as food and not drugs. d. The FDA proved that they are effective and safe.
c. they are classified as food and not drugs
What do foods in the same exchange list have in common? a. They contain about the same amount of food by weight. b. They contain about the same volume of food. c. They contain about the same number of kilocalories. d. They all contribute about the same amount of vitamins and minerals.
c. they contain about the same number of kilocalories
in the organization of life, cells form which of the following? a. molecules b. organs c. tissues d. atoms
c. tissues
what is the name given to the small intestine multicellular protrusions that participate int he digestion and absorption of nutrients? a. microvilli b. brush order c. villi d. lacteal
c. villi
Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect food choices? a. cultural and family background b. personal preference c. weather d. psychological and emotional factors.
c. weather
A system that scores the average American diet is a. Dietary Guidelines. b. Food Guide Pyramid. c. Exchange List. d. Healthy Eating Index.
d. Healthy eating index
Which of the following statements is true about using the MyPlate Daily Food Plan? a. The amount of grains recommended is expressed in cups. b. Calorie needs are used to determine food group amounts. c. Peas and beans are counted as protein, not vegetables. d. There is no recommendation for fat on MyPlate.
calorie needs are used to determine food group amounts
which of the following are energy-yielding substances? a. proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and fiber b. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, alcohol c. carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, fiber d.protein, alcohol, vitamins, minerals
carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, alcohol
Which nutrient is least abundant in the body?
carbohydrates
For a 2,000-kcalorie diet, MyPlate recommends how many cups of fruit each day? a. 3 b. 3.5 c. 2.5 d. 2
d. 2
For a 2000 calorie diet, MyPlate recommends how many cups of fruit each day? a. 3 b. 3.5 c. 2.5 d. 2
d. 2
How many calories are provided by 2 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein? a. 56 calories b. 14 calories c. 68 calories d. 76 calories
d. 76 calories
The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group? a. 33% b. 50% c. 75% d. 97-98%
d. 97-98%
All of the following are true about exchange lists except: a.Using this food group system, diets can be designed to meet individual tastes and preferences. b. Potatoes are included in the starch exchange list. c. The food group system is used extensively in planning diabetic and weight loss diets. d. Foods are grouped according to their nutrient composition regardless of their energy content.
d. Foods are grouped according to their nutrient composition regardless of their energy content.
Using dietary information provided by ______________would be the most practical approach to evaluate your own diet. a. Exchange Lists b. Dietary Guidelines for Americans c. DRVs d. MyPlate
d. MyPlate
What is a purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? a. They are nutrient requirements that must be consumed each day. b. They can be used as the standard only for people with chronic disease. c. They include values for different ethnic and occupation groups. d. They expand on the RDAs to address excesses as well as deficiencies.
d. They expand on the RDAs to address excesses as well as deficiencies.
How do the Dietary Guidelines for Americans address the problem of obesity? a. They promote a specific weight reduction program. b. They emphasize that the proportions of macronutrients are important in weight management. c. They recommend at least 60 minutes of intensive vigorous physical activity daily. d. They recommend balancing kilocalories consumed with the kilocalories expended in activity.
d. They recommend balancing kilocalories consumed with the kilocalories expended in activity.
What does USP stand for? a. User supplement Protection b. Unified Safety provisions c. Ultimate Sanitation provided d. United States Pharmacopeia
d. United States Pharmacopeia
Which of the following is NOT an authorized health claim associating intake with a health consequence? a. Soluble fiber and coronary heart disease b. Dietary fat and cancer risk c. Sodium intake and blood pressure d. Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts
d. Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts
Which one of the following is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information? a. personal testimony b. promotions by food manufacturers c. news story on the web page d. advice from a registered dietitian
d. advice from a registered dietitian
which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract? a. gallbladder b. pancreas c. salivary glands d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following tools can be used to assess nutritional status? a. 24-hour recall data, Food Intake Record b. Anthropometric measurements c. Food frequency questionnaire d. All of the above can be used to assess nutritional status
d. all of the above can be used to assess nutritional status
Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract? a. Gallbladder b. Pancreas c. Salivary glands d. All of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is: a. eating foods that have been minimally processed. b. consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided. c. limiting added fats and sugars. d. all of these are effective strategies.
d. all of these are effective strategies.
Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods. a. provide more calories b. contain fewer nutrients c. be higher in fat, sugar, or salt d. all of these statements are true
d. all of these statements are true
Which of the following is likely to limit the availability of food? a. socioeconomic status b. health status c. where a person lives d. all of these statements are true
d. all of these statements are true
Which of the following statements is true about the Daily Values standards? a. DVs help consumers know if a food is a good source of a particular nutrient. b. A DV of 5% or less on a food label indicates that the food is low in that nutrient. c. The DVs may overestimate nutrient needs for some populations but they would never underestimate the requirements for any group. d. All of these statements are true.
d. all of these statements are true
intestinal microflora: a. can cause gas b. are permanent, beneficial residents of the GI tract c. synthesize small amounts of fatty acids, some B vitamins, and vitamin K d. all of these statements are true.
d. all of these statements are true.
a processed foods is defined as: a. having more than 5 ingredients b. requiring heating and cooking before it can be eaten c. a food which has had preservatives added. d. any food that has been changed from its natural state.
d. any food that has been changed from its natural state.
Probiotics are: a. an example of total parenteral nutrition. b. substances that promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. c. are used to prevent bacterial overgrowth in the stomach. d. beneficial bacteria added to foods.
d. beneficial bacteria added to foods
What nutrients, listed on a Nutrition Facts label, should be consumed in limited amounts? a. Cholesterol, sugars, calories b. Calories, carbohydrate, sugars c. Sodium, fat, cholesterol, sugars d. Carbohydrate, fat, calories, fibers
d. carbohydrate, fat, calories, fiber
which of the following is true about the rate of stomach emptying? a. larger meals leave the stomach after than smaller meals b. a mostly liquid meal stays int eh stomach longer than a solid meal c. protein leaves the stomach faster than any other nutrient d. compared with proteins and starch, fat remains in the stomach the longest.
d. compared with proteins and starch, fat remains in the stomach the longest.
Into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty? a. ileum b. jejunum c. pylorus d. duodenum
d. duodenum
Which structure prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea? a. Tongue b. Pharynx c. Esophageal sphincter d. Epiglottis
d. epiglottis
A diseased gallbladder can interfere with: a. chyme formation. b. the ability to chew. c. the ability to regulate blood glucose levels. d. fat digestion.
d. fat digestion
How does the absorption of a water-soluble molecule differ from that of a fat-soluble molecule? a. Water-soluble molecules require additional lipoprotein carriers. b. Fat-soluble molecules such as fatty acids utilize facilitated diffusion whereas water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis. c. If the molecules are the same size, then there is no difference in the absorption process. d. Fat-soluble molecules such as fatty acids use simple diffusion whereas water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis.
d. fat-soluble molecules such as fatty acids use simple diffusion whereas water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis
What method of assessing dietary intake includes gathering information about how often certain categories of food are consumed? a. 24-hour recall b. Food diary c. Food intake record d. Food frequency questionnaire
d. food frequency questionnaire
in what organ is bile stored? a. liver b. pancreas c. stomach d. gallbladder
d. gallbladder
amino acids, simple sugars, and water soluble products that are absorbed into capillaries are part of what system? a. lymphatic b. gastrointestinal c. thoracic duct d. hepatic portal circulation
d. hepatic portal circulation
Gastrointestinal function is regulated by: a. hormones b. external stimuli c. nerve signals d. hormones and nerve signals
d. hormones and nerve signals
_____________________ protects human subjects in a study and limits the types of procedures that can be performed on them. a. peer review b. double blind design c. prior authorization d. informed consent
d. informed consent
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. Liver b. Pancreas c. Salivary glands d. Kidney
d. kidney
The hepatic portal circulation carries nutrients from the small intestine to the: a. brain. b. kidneys. c. stomach. d. liver.
d. liver
The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is a. conduct an experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, and make an observation b. develop a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, make an observation, and form a theory. c. form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, and make an observation. d. make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory.
d. make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory
Which of the following nutrient are NOT organic molecules? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. minerals
d. minerals
The digestive tract begins at the _________ and ends at the _________. a. esophagus; small intestine b. mouth; transverse colon c. esophageal sphincter; pylorus d. mouth; anus
d. mouth; anus
The internal lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the: a. submucosa. b. serosa. c. muscularis. d. mucosa.
d. mucosa
A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as a. healthy Food Index. b. nutrient score. c. dietary reference intake. d. nutrient density.
d. nutrient density
The correct names of the sequence of steps in the scientific method are: a. hypothesis, observation, experiments, theory b. theory, observation, experiments, hypothesis c. experiments, theory, hypothesis, and observation d. observation, hypothesis, experiments, theory
d. observation, hypothesis, experiments, theory
Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from the: a. gallbladder. b. kidneys. c. liver. d. pancreas.
d. pancreas
Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called: a. segmentation. b. muscular syncopation. c. gastroesophageal sphincterization. d. peristalsis.
d. peristalsis
which of the following are included in the endocrine system? a. brain, spinal cord b. lymph, white blood cells c. kidneys, testes, ovaries d. pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas
d. pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas
The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter. a. gastroesophageal b. celiac c. anal d. pyloric
d. pyloric
Which of the followings NOT a general function of nutrients? a. provide energy b. form structures c. regulate body processes d. reduce digestive disorders
d. reduce digestive disorders
Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals a. animal studies can be more easilycontrolled than human studies b. the digestive system of some animals is quite different from humans, making these animals inappropriate choices for some studies c. the choice of the animal studied may influence the outcome of the study d. results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
d. results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called: a. anecdotal. b. collaboration. c. double blind. d. single blind
d. single blind
The primary site of nutrient absorption is the: a. liver. b. large intestine. c. stomach. d. small intestine.
d. small intestine
The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract? a. Small intestine b. Large intestine c. Gallbladder d. Stomach
d. stomach
Which of the following food types is typically consumed by Americans today in excessive amounts? a. whole grains b. low fat dairy c. legumes d. salty and sugary
d. sugar and salty
Which of the following is a common source of anecdotal evidence? a. peer-reviewed scientific literature b. federal government websites c. registered dietitians d. testimony of individuals
d. testimony of individuals
What is true about our food choices? a. We select foods mainly for their nutritive value. b. Our food choices are often limited to foods produced locally. c. Foods available in the store mean that they will be available to all individuals. d. The foods we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults.
d. the foods that we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults.
which of the following statements is true about enzymes? a. they cause muscles to contract and propel the food through the digestive tract. b. they lubricate, moisten, and protect cells from harsh environments. c. they are changed during the chemical reactions. d. they accelerate the rate of chemical reactions
d. they accelerate the rate of chemical reactions
Which statement about the changing american food supply is not true? a. One hundred years ago, time spent on meal preparation was measured in hours. b. Our modern food supply includes countless options. c. Today, after-school activities often impinge on family meal times. d. Twenty years ago, people ate most of their meals at home.
d. twenty years ago, people at most of their meals at home.
how are waste products eliminated from the body? a. oxygen is transported to the lungs by red blood cells b. glucose is lost through the skin in perspiration or sweat c. the liver excretes water, minerals, and metabolic waste products d. unabsorbed substances are excreted from the GI tract in feces.
d. unabsorbed substances are excreted from the GI tract in feces
The end-products of carbohydrate catabolism includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. water. b. carbon dioxide. c. energy (ATP). d. urea.
d. urea
Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient? a. carbohydrate b. fat. c. protein d. vitamins
d. vitamins
Generally speaking, the American diet follows the variety principle for fruit consumption
false
Which of the following is true about digestion? a. sugars eaten are eliminated in the feces. b. proteins are broken down into sugars c. most carbohydrates are broken down into sugars d. fiber found in fruits is broken down into sugars
most carbohydrates are broken down into sugars
most of a human's body weight is comprised of what nutrients?
proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins
What is true about the ingredient list in a food label? a. The ingredients are listed by volume. b. The ingredients are listed by weight. c. The ingredients are standardized by the FDA. d. The FDA proved that the ingredients safe for consumption.
the ingredients are listed by weight
Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?
water
