Nutrition Exam 2
A triglyceride molecule consists of _______ fatty acids connected to ______ glycerol.
Three; one
Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance?
a 45-year-old adult after surgery
The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________.
act as coenzymes in energy production
The building blocks of proteins are __________.
amino acids
The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body is called __________.
bioavailability
Excess protein consumed is converted to __________.
body fat
Vitamins differ from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats because they __________.
do not provide calories
A key function of protein in the body is __________.
donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood
Vitamin C helps maintain a healthy immune system by __________.
enabling the body to make white blood cells
Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein?
1 cup of sliced peaches
hypervitaminosis
A condition resulting from the presence of excessive amounts of vitamins in the body; also referred to as vitamin toxicity
The antioxidants include vitamins __________.
A, C, and E
__________ helps the body absorb vitamin B12.
intrinsic factor
Enzymes that digest lipids are called __________.
lipase
Transport vehicles for lipids in the blood and lymph are called __________.
lipoproteins
Consumption of which dietary fat lowers LDL cholesterol levels but maintains (or improves) HDL levels?
monounsaturated fats
A folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in __________.
neural tube defects
Phospholipids make good emulsifiers because __________.
one end is hydrophilic, or water loving
Denaturation of proteins changes their __________.
shape
Most lipid digestion occurs in the __________.
small intestine
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it''s best to increase the amount of __________ in your diet.
soluble fiber
Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________.
stroke
The most common lipid(s) found in both foods and the body is/are __________.
triglycerides
Fatty acids that are liquid at room temperature are generally __________.
unsaturated
Ingesting megadose levels of vitamin supplements can lead to __________.
hypervitaminosis
Protein that is low in one or more of the essential amino acids is called __________.
incomplete protein
The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones.
increased acid
Vitamins can be destroyed by __________.
heat
The formation of red blood cells is called __________.
hemopoiesis
What substance denatures protein in the stomach?
hydrochloric acid (HCl)