Nutrition Exam 2

A triglyceride molecule consists of _______ fatty acids connected to ______ glycerol.

Three; one

Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance?

a 45-year-old adult after surgery

The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________.

act as coenzymes in energy production

The building blocks of proteins are __________.

amino acids

The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body is called __________.

bioavailability

Excess protein consumed is converted to __________.

body fat

Vitamins differ from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats because they __________.

do not provide calories

A key function of protein in the body is __________.

donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood

Vitamin C helps maintain a healthy immune system by __________.

enabling the body to make white blood cells

Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein?

1 cup of sliced peaches

hypervitaminosis

A condition resulting from the presence of excessive amounts of vitamins in the body; also referred to as vitamin toxicity

The antioxidants include vitamins __________.

A, C, and E

__________ helps the body absorb vitamin B12.

intrinsic factor

Enzymes that digest lipids are called __________.

lipase

Transport vehicles for lipids in the blood and lymph are called __________.

lipoproteins

Consumption of which dietary fat lowers LDL cholesterol levels but maintains (or improves) HDL levels?

monounsaturated fats

A folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in __________.

neural tube defects

Phospholipids make good emulsifiers because __________.

one end is hydrophilic, or water loving

Denaturation of proteins changes their __________.

shape

Most lipid digestion occurs in the __________.

small intestine

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it''s best to increase the amount of __________ in your diet.

soluble fiber

Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________.

stroke

The most common lipid(s) found in both foods and the body is/are __________.

triglycerides

Fatty acids that are liquid at room temperature are generally __________.

unsaturated

Ingesting megadose levels of vitamin supplements can lead to __________.

hypervitaminosis

Protein that is low in one or more of the essential amino acids is called __________.

incomplete protein

The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones.

increased acid

Vitamins can be destroyed by __________.

heat

The formation of red blood cells is called __________.

hemopoiesis

What substance denatures protein in the stomach?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)