Nutrition exam 3

There are a total of __ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

11

Muscles tissue is mostly comprised of

70% water and 22% protein

What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?

Abnormal proteins will be produces Chronic health conditions Birth defects Death

__ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

Pepsin

Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together

Peptide bond

Small chains of amino acids

Peptides

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects people whose diets lack:

energy and protein

What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions?

enzymes

There are nine ___ amino acids that cannon be produced by the body and must be consumes as part of our diet

essential

T or F: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance

false

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation when the wrong amino acid is added to ___

hemoglobin

What are the advantages of a vegetarian diet?

high in phytochemicals low saturated fat and cholesterol High fiber

High-protein diets lead to:

increased urine output which poses a risk for dehydration

A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called a:

peptide bond

Proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids

polypeptides

It is important that snacks consumed before or after exercise contain both ___ and ___

protein and carbohydrate

A person who eats all foods except red meats would be considered

semivegetarian

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

Daily nitrogen losses occur from:

shedding skin, nail and hair growth

____ are food additives commonly found in foods such as wines, potatoes and shrimp that can cause negative reactions when consumed

sulfites

A ___ helps to maintain the pH of solution

buffer

A high protein diet can increase ___ loss in urine

calcium

____ is a group of related proteins found in wheat, barley and rye

Gluten

Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Keratin

Hair, nails and skin

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein

10-35%

What is the highly toxic compound produced in the liver that is made to removed nitrogen from the body?

Ammonia

___ are the following elements that are combined to make a protein.

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Collagen

Cartilage, ligament and bone tissue

Abdominal bloating, chronic diarrhea and weight loss are all symptoms of:

Celiac Disease

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

Celiac disease

A ___ protein relates to food proteins that combine, the collectively proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids

Complementary

A buildup of fluid in the tissues

Edema

T or F: Healthy individuals should follow a gluten free diet because it is healthier than a diet containing gluten

False

___ helps the proteins unravel to allow for pepsin to break apart the peptide bonds

Hydrochloric Acid

These are true about protein

It is an organic molecule and it contains nitrogen

A ___ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

Legume

Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Contractile

Muscle movement

what are considered to be transportation proteins in the body?

Retinol Hemoglobin

Food manufacturers must identify which of the following allergens on a food label?

Soy, milk and peanuts

T or F: Every cell contains protein.

True

T or F: Proteins are rarely used to meet energy needs

True

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a:

Vegetarian

What are some common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet?

Vitamin D Iron Vitamin B-12

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

The components of the amino acid include:

amino group R group acid group

What is the highly toxic compound produced in the liver that is made to remove nitrogen from the body?

ammonia

People with this condition often have trouble when consuming foods with sulfites

asthma

An ___ disease is a chronic condition in whihc the immune system cells attack and destroy normal, healthy cells

autoimmune

During resistance exercise, proteins in the working muscles ____

break down

The ___ remove urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it in the urine

kidneys

A ___ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs

lactoovovegeterian

What is the term for "milk" in reference to the type of vegetarian that consumes milk and milk products

lactovegetarian

The essential amino acids that are in relatively low amounts are referred to as ___ amino acids

limiting

After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells, the amino acids travel to the:

liver

Vegetarian diets are often ___ lower in fat and energy that Western diets

lower

People on diets such as the Atkins or Protein Power diets tend to feel ___ full

more

Excess protein is first stripped of ___ portion before being metabolized

nitrogen-containing

Proteins supplements are not recommended for healthy persons because supplements may:

upset the body's ability to absorb other amino acids

__ is another waste product of amino acid metabolism formed from ammonia

urea

Which of the following are NOT used as a major source of fuel for cells?

water and proteins

Absorptive cells secrete ___ that aid in the splitting of polypeptide chains while in the small intestines

proteases

Amino acids are the end product of ___ digestion

protein

An allergic reaction occurs when a ___ does not undergo digestion

protein

Allergens in food are typically ___ that the body cannot digest

proteins

Large, complex organic nutrients made of amino acids are known as

proteins

what confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease?

Damaged villi

What is formed when two amino acids bond?

Dipeptide

The human digestive system does not digest ___ protein sources as efficiently as ___ protein sources

Low quality; high quality