Nutrition exam 3
There are a total of __ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function
11
Muscles tissue is mostly comprised of
70% water and 22% protein
What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?
Abnormal proteins will be produces Chronic health conditions Birth defects Death
__ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins
Pepsin
Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
Peptide bond
Small chains of amino acids
Peptides
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects people whose diets lack:
energy and protein
What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions?
enzymes
There are nine ___ amino acids that cannon be produced by the body and must be consumes as part of our diet
essential
T or F: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance
false
Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation when the wrong amino acid is added to ___
hemoglobin
What are the advantages of a vegetarian diet?
high in phytochemicals low saturated fat and cholesterol High fiber
High-protein diets lead to:
increased urine output which poses a risk for dehydration
A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called a:
peptide bond
Proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids
polypeptides
It is important that snacks consumed before or after exercise contain both ___ and ___
protein and carbohydrate
A person who eats all foods except red meats would be considered
semivegetarian
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
serve as buffers that resist changes in pH
Daily nitrogen losses occur from:
shedding skin, nail and hair growth
____ are food additives commonly found in foods such as wines, potatoes and shrimp that can cause negative reactions when consumed
sulfites
A ___ helps to maintain the pH of solution
buffer
A high protein diet can increase ___ loss in urine
calcium
____ is a group of related proteins found in wheat, barley and rye
Gluten
Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Keratin
Hair, nails and skin
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein
10-35%
What is the highly toxic compound produced in the liver that is made to removed nitrogen from the body?
Ammonia
___ are the following elements that are combined to make a protein.
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Collagen
Cartilage, ligament and bone tissue
Abdominal bloating, chronic diarrhea and weight loss are all symptoms of:
Celiac Disease
What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?
Celiac disease
A ___ protein relates to food proteins that combine, the collectively proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids
Complementary
A buildup of fluid in the tissues
Edema
T or F: Healthy individuals should follow a gluten free diet because it is healthier than a diet containing gluten
False
___ helps the proteins unravel to allow for pepsin to break apart the peptide bonds
Hydrochloric Acid
These are true about protein
It is an organic molecule and it contains nitrogen
A ___ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.
Legume
Appropriate characteristic of the protein: Contractile
Muscle movement
what are considered to be transportation proteins in the body?
Retinol Hemoglobin
Food manufacturers must identify which of the following allergens on a food label?
Soy, milk and peanuts
T or F: Every cell contains protein.
True
T or F: Proteins are rarely used to meet energy needs
True
A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a:
Vegetarian
What are some common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet?
Vitamin D Iron Vitamin B-12
Proteins are made up of smaller units called
amino acids
The components of the amino acid include:
amino group R group acid group
What is the highly toxic compound produced in the liver that is made to remove nitrogen from the body?
ammonia
People with this condition often have trouble when consuming foods with sulfites
asthma
An ___ disease is a chronic condition in whihc the immune system cells attack and destroy normal, healthy cells
autoimmune
During resistance exercise, proteins in the working muscles ____
break down
The ___ remove urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it in the urine
kidneys
A ___ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs
lactoovovegeterian
What is the term for "milk" in reference to the type of vegetarian that consumes milk and milk products
lactovegetarian
The essential amino acids that are in relatively low amounts are referred to as ___ amino acids
limiting
After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells, the amino acids travel to the:
liver
Vegetarian diets are often ___ lower in fat and energy that Western diets
lower
People on diets such as the Atkins or Protein Power diets tend to feel ___ full
more
Excess protein is first stripped of ___ portion before being metabolized
nitrogen-containing
Proteins supplements are not recommended for healthy persons because supplements may:
upset the body's ability to absorb other amino acids
__ is another waste product of amino acid metabolism formed from ammonia
urea
Which of the following are NOT used as a major source of fuel for cells?
water and proteins
Absorptive cells secrete ___ that aid in the splitting of polypeptide chains while in the small intestines
proteases
Amino acids are the end product of ___ digestion
protein
An allergic reaction occurs when a ___ does not undergo digestion
protein
Allergens in food are typically ___ that the body cannot digest
proteins
Large, complex organic nutrients made of amino acids are known as
proteins
what confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease?
Damaged villi
What is formed when two amino acids bond?
Dipeptide
The human digestive system does not digest ___ protein sources as efficiently as ___ protein sources
Low quality; high quality
