Nutrition Exam

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called: a) cholesterol. b) phospholipids. c) lecithin. d) glycerol.

D

. Diabetes is best characterized by: a) abnormally high blood glucose levels. b) elevated blood lipids. c) the presence of ketones in blood. d) blood glucose levels below the normal range.

A

. Empty calories are: a) from added sugars and/or solid fats. b) contributed by junk foods and are completely banned in a healthy diet. c) suggested to be limited to ≤ 50% of the kcals in a healthy diet. d) the kcals consumed when an eating plan other than MyPlate is followed.

A

. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of: a) polyunsaturated fatty acids. b) saturated fatty acids. c) hydrogenated fats. d) phospholipids.

A

A dietary approach that protects against heart disease is the consumption of foods high in: a) omega-3 fatty acids. b) long chain fatty acids. c) omega-6 fatty acids. d) all of these provide protection against heart disease.

A

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid. a) saturated b) unsaturated c) hydrophobic d) hydrophilic

A

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be: a) solid at room temperature. b) soluble in water. c) liquid at room temperature. d) less stable than fatty acids with double bonds.

A

How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined? a) By contribution to total weight b) By contribution to total volume c) By nutrient density d) In alphabetical order

A

Nutrients classified as "organic molecules" have a molecular structure which contains the element: a) carbon. b) oxygen. c) nitrogen. d) sulfur.

A

The primary function of the large intestine is to: a) prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion. b) absorb digested nutrients. c) neutralize chyme. d) All of these choices are correct.

A

Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? a) Prescribing what a person should eat each day b) Prevention of nutrient deficiencies c) Promotion of healthful eating d) Reduction of chronic diseases

A

Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the blood? a) Fat b) Water c) Water-soluble vitamins d) Glucose

A

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol? a) Liver. b) Pancreas. c) Gallbladder. d) All of these organs manufacture cholesterol.

A

Which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient? a) Alcohol b) Carbohydrate c) Fat d) Protein

A

Which statement about dietary supplements is true? a) The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement. b) All dietary supplements are produced according to the same strict laws that govern drug manufacturing. c) All dietary supplements must be approved by the FDA to ensure safety and effectiveness. d) Dietary supplements cannot be removed from the market once they are introduced.

A

Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)? a) For some groups, there is an established benefit of consuming nutrients at this level. b) It is a not a recommended level for consumption. c) Consuming nutrients at this level will probably cause adverse health effects. d) The UL is set at the level of intake that causes adverse effects in 5% of the population .

B

Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label? a) Calories from fat b) Calories per serving as compared to comparable products c) Percent daily values for key nutrients d) Serving size

B

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? a) Chylomicrons b) Low-density lipoproteins c) High-density lipoproteins d) Very-low density lipoproteins

B

. Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel? a) Husk and germ b) Stalk c) Germ and bran d) Endosperm

D

. The primary site of nutrient absorption is the: a) liver. b) large intestine. c) stomach. d) small intestine.

D

. __________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body. a) Nonessential b) Saturated c) Short chain d) Essential

D

A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT: a) nutrient-dense foods. b) medium amounts of high protein foods. c) consuming more oils than solid fats. d) eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

D

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as a) Healthy Food Index. b) nutrient score. c) dietary reference intake. d) nutrient density.

D

A processed food is defined as: a) having more than five ingredients. b) requiring heating or cooking before it can be eaten. c) a food which has had preservatives added. d) any food that has been changed from its natural state.

D

All of the following foods EXCEPT _____________help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. a) oats b) flaxseed c) nuts d) margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

D

Cholesterol is an example of a(n): a) trans fatty acid. b) phospholipid. c) essential nutrient. d) sterol.

D

Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from the: a) gallbladder. b) kidneys. c) liver. d) pancreas.

D

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is: a) eating foods that have been minimally processed. b) consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided. c) limiting added fats and sugars. d) All of these are effective strategies

D

Fructose is found mostly in: a) dairy products. b) grains and cereals. c) meat. d) fruits and vegetables.

D

If vitamin C has been added to cranberry juice, the label must include: a. nutrient information. b. an ingredients list. c. a health claim. d. a and b e. b and c

D

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods. a) provide more kcalories b) contain fewer nutrients c) be higher in fat, sugar, or salt d) All of these statements are true

D

The digestive tract begins at the _________ and ends at the _________. a) esophagus; small intestine b) mouth; transverse colon c) esophageal sphincter; pylorus d) mouth; anus

D

The energy-yielding nutrients include: A Protein B Fat C Vitamins D A and b E A and c

D

Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract? a) Gallbladder b) Pancreas c) Salivary glands d) All of these are correct

D

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates? a) Milk and dairy products b) Meat, fish, and poultry c) Fats and oils d) Cereals and grains

D

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system? a) Liver b) Pancreas c) Salivary glands d) Kidney

D

Which of the following nutrients are NOT organic molecules? a) Carbohydrates b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Minerals

D

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE? a) Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate in humans and animals. b) Glycogen is composed of many glucose molecules. c) Glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle. d) The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

D

Nutrients are classified according to their chemical properties. What are the six classes of nutrients? Which are macronutrients? Which are micronutrients?

Macronutrients Micronutrients Water Vitamins Carbohydrates Minerals Proteins Fats

__________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones. a) Bile b) Pancreatic lipase c) Eicosanoids d) Cholesterol

a

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT: a) meat. b) eggs. c) fish. d) peanut butter.

d

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells? a) Glucagon b) Insulin c) Prolactin d) Ghrelin

B

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is: a) an herbal supplement. b) a phytochemical. c) an enzyme. d) a zoochemical.

B

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by: a) slowing the movement of food material in the gut. b) promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells. c) decreasing the fluidity of the intestinal contents. d) producing natural antibiotics that kill pathogenic bacteria.

B

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

B

The most energy-rich of the nutrients is: A Carbohydrate B Fat C Protein D Water

B

The most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and: a) metabolism. b) absorption. c) circulation. d) excretion.

B

. The source of valid nutrition information is: a. newspaper articles. b. TV programs. c. scientific journals. d. health magazines.

C

4. Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called: a) anabolism. b) catabolism. c) homeostasis. d) metabolism.

C

Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet. a) 1000 b) 1500 c) 2000 d) 2500

C

Fish oils are a good dietary source of: a) emulsifiers. b) tropical oils. c) omega-3 fatty acids. d) trans fatty acids.

C

Sucrose is composed of: a) many molecules of glucose linked together. b) two molecules of glucose. c) a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose. d) two molecules of fructose.

C

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by: a) pancreatic enzymes. b) pancreatic hormones. c) enzymes in the membranes of cells lining the small intestine. d) hormones released by the GI tract.

C

The nutrients fall into ____classes A Two B Four C Six D Eight

C

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the: a) stomach. b) gallbladder. c) pancreas. d) All of these choices are correct.

C

The sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells is collectively referred to as: a) digestion. b) absorption. c) metabolism. d) hydrolysis.

C

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain: a) animal products. b) tropical oils. c) partially hydrogenated oils. d) omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

C

Which of the following digestive organs is lined with fingerlike projections called villi? a) Esophagus b) Stomach c) Small intestine d) Large intestine

C

Which of the following functions is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients? a) Provide energy b) Form structures c) Regulate body processes d) All of these functions are performed by each of the six classes of nutrients

C

Which of the following is true of structure/function claims? a) FDA approval is required. b) They do NOT have to be accompanied by a disclaimer. c) Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease. d) Common examples are "high fiber and "fat free".

C

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct? a) This type of disease occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. b) Obesity is a major risk factor for developing this disease. c) The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. d) Type 1 is the most common type of diabetes.

C

The Dietary Guidelines encourage Americans to consume less: a. refined grains. b. fruits. c. added sugars. d. vegetables. e. a and c

E

Describe the three general functions of nutrients.

Provide energy: Carbohydrate, protein and lipids undergo biochemical reactions that provide energy for synthesis, basic body functions and physical activity Forming structures: bones, muscles, cells are formed from protein, fats, minerals Regulating Body Processes: all 6 classes of nutrients regulate various body processes and function to maintain homeostasis

. In nutrition, the word essential means: a. necessary for good health and proper functioning of the body. b. a necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet. c. that the body can manufacture the nutrient from raw materials. d. compounds the body can make for itself.

b

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine, they are carried to the __________ via the ___________. a) kidneys; capillaries b) liver; hepatic portal vein c) gall bladder; bile duct d) pancreas; lacteals

b

Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by: a) slowing fecal movement. b) increasing the bulk of the colonic contents. c) decreasing the amount of water in the colon. d) All of these choices are true.

b

Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has: a) significantly declined, resulting in less obesity. b) declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed. c) declined as people tend to cook at home more frequently. d) risen significantly.

b

The energy provided by foods is measured in: a) BTUs. b) kilocalories. c) thermal equivalents. d) watts.

b

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain significant amounts of trans fats? a) Fish b) Commercially made crackers and cookies c) Salad dressings d) Avocado

b

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? a) Stomach b) Pancreas c) Mouth d) Liver

b