Nutrition Final

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

40 and 140 ºF.

An athlete who weighs 75 kg should consume _____ g of protein daily.

82.5

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells.

ATP

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice An experimental study doesn't need to have a control group. In the United States, nutrition scientists often conduct studies on humans before doing animal testing. Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study. In a single-blind study, both the researchers and the human subjects don't know their group assignments.

Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study.

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides?

Environmental Protection Agency

Mitch recently tried a hair-restoring product that he purchased from an Internet website. The package's label displayed the following claim: "Rubbing a tablespoon of 'NutraTerraMino' on your scalp each day will cure the hair loss associated with the aging process." After a month of using "NutraTerraMino" daily, he stopped because the product made his hair fall out. Based on this information, Mitch should file a complaint with the

Federal Trade Commission.

Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the

Food and Drug Administration.

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with

Giardia.

_____ is a physiological change associated with aging.

Hardening of the arteries

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa?

Maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the healthy weight for his or her height

Porter is an athlete who weighs 100 kg. Based on this information, he should consume _____ g of protein daily.

110

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches

165 ºF.

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

20

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

3500

Which of the following statements is true? The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often take advantage of the general public's mistrust of scientists. In general, commercial (*.com) Internet websites are reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information.

Promoters of nutrition misinformation often take advantage of the general public's mistrust of scientists.

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

Raw chicken

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice You can ask your personal physician for nutrition advice because physicians have the same training as registered dietitian nutritionists. In the United States, only registered dietitian nutritionists can provide nutrition information legally. Registered dietitian nutritionists aren't required to maintain their certification regularly. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

An ad for a weight-loss product contains several dishonest and misleading statements. Which of the following statements is a "red flag" statement that's in the ad?

This product is guaranteed to raise your metabolism by 400%, which is why it causes you to lose weight safely and rapidly.

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

Visceral

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women.

Vitamin D

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status, specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States?

WIC

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of:

breast cancer

Cody uses an ergogenic aid, but taking high doses of the substance increases his heart rate and makes him feel shaky. Based on this information, Cody is using

caffeine.

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

circulating blood.

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

folic acid

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of

ghrelin.

Which of the following substances can be metabolized for ATP production?

glucose

A scientist would like to collect information concerning the health of a large group of older adults. To obtain this information, the scientist conducts a

medical history survey.

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called

pica.

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D on the human body. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are

placebos

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese.

sleep apnea

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

soft drinks

_____ is the primary function of adipose cells.

storing fat

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a new protein-containing product on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he's in the experimental group, because he's certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he didn't receive the new source of protein. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he's certain his muscle mass increased while he consumed the product. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of

the placebo effect.

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of

type 2 diabetes.

_____ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods.

weaning

A person claims his newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it wasn't helpful and may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and his device are

quackery.

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

secretion of stomach acid

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water.

Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2300 kcal/day. Based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

2300

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

25 to 35

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery. According to scientific research, anecdotes that describe how nutrients benefit health are reliable sources of information. A disclaimer on a product's label provides proof that the product is likely to live up to the manufacturer's claims. In the United States, people can include "RDN" after their name, even if they aren't qualified to use the credential.

A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery.

A popular women's magazine has an article about planning a nutritious diet. Which of the following credentials indicate the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information?

RDN

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include

bone mineral irregularities.

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to

decrease her usual energy intake.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)

disclaimer.

You can improve your children's eating habits by

discouraging eating while watching television.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

drinking polluted water.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet. The average woman has a higher metabolic rate than the average man. Fat tissue is more metabolically active than muscle tissue. As the typical person ages, his or her metabolic rate increases slightly.

A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.

In the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements?

Federal Trade Commission

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems?

Local health department

Which of the following statements is true? In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are reliable sources of nutrition information. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information provided at websites has to be peer-reviewed before it can be posted. U.S. laws require promoters of nutrition-related products to publish information in magazine articles and books that's honest and not misleading. Nutrition departments at websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.

Nutrition departments at websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information?

RDN

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice The Commodity Supplemental Food program distributes high-fiber foods to low-income, middle-age adults who have American Indian ancestry. The School Breakfast Program offers free or reduced-cost breakfasts to children, regardless of their family incomes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food. Meals on Wheels provides nutritious meals for pregnant, low-income women who are too sick to leave their homes.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food.

Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because

articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published.

According to the "set point theory," a person's

body fat level is genetically determined.

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that

breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy.

Which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weightlifters but not the performance endurance athletes?

creatine

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program

includes regular physical activity.

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February. Before she became pregnant, Jenna weighed 105 pounds, which was in the underweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

28 to 40

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos.

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including

reducing food waste by better menu planning.

Rose is an obese 3-year-old child. _____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among preschool children.

Family history of obesity

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice A positive energy state results in weight loss. Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger. Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food. Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Quackery is the practice of dietetics without proper training and credentials. A nutritionalist has the same credentials as a registered dietitian nutritionist. In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information. A person with a PhD has the proper training to be a registered dietitian nutritionist.

In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Scientists are unlikely to obtain money to conduct research if they don't consider the opinions and beliefs of the people in agencies who fund such projects. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies because the peer-review process reduces research bias. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the U.S. population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why studies involving humans often have conflicting results.

Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why studies involving humans often have conflicting results.

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

cycling

Articles that appear in the Journal of the American Medical Association are reliable sources of health information because the editors

have other scientists review and react to the content of articles before publishing them.

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

healthy

People with BMIs of 30 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

hypertension

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they're not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)

scare tactic.