Nutrition FINAL
What is glycogen and where is stored?
Liver and muscles.
What is a low birth weight newborn?
Lower than 5lbs.
Water can pass through a selectively permeable membrane by?
Osmosis
Which is the following macronutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?
glucose or pyruvate
The ___________ is the main site of deamination in the body?
liver
What is considered healthy BMI?
18.5-24.9
According to a national survey, nearly _____ of Americans were overweight or obese.
2/3
Holly is a healthy woman who is 22 year old. Using this info, calculate her target heart rate zone for moderate-intensity.
220-(age) 22. = 198 198 * .5 (moderate) 198* .75 (high)
What is considered overweight BMI?
25-29.9
Approritate weight gain during pregnancy for a woman who is not under or over weight should be
25-35 lbs
What is considered obese BMI
30-39.9
What percent of the body is water?
45-70
A pregnant woman's rate of weight gain should be....
4lbs during the 1st trimester, then 1lb per week during the 2nd and 3rd.
Jared is an average 23 healthy man. Based on the information about ______ of his bodys total energy use is for basal metabolism
75%
_______ is the primary source of direct energy (energy currency) for cells
ATP
Visceral fat is located where
Abdomen or around organs.
An ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.
Antioxidant,. A, C and E
The body can store large amounts of what B vitamin?
B 12
The ratio of weight to height that is used to determine whether a persons weight is healthy.
BMI
Why is taking excess amounts of fat soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water soluble vitamins.
Because they are less easily removed from the body.
What roles does water play in the human body?
Breaks down nutrients. Sweat to cool off.
What are major minerals?
Calcium, phosphorus, electrolytes. Essential minerals required in 100 mg per day.
Factors that contribute to obesity in USA include
Consumer diet, fast food availability, schedule limitations
Instructions for making porins are coded in a cells what?
DNA
__________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and as a result the molecule loses its function
Denaturation
What are some of the chemical properties of vitamins?
Helps regulate cell growth, boost immune system
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to?
Lactic Acid
The _______ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans?
Liver
What are minor minerals?
Metals, trace minerals.
A pregnants woman's energy needs during pregnancy should be
No increase in energy during the 1st trimester, 350 extra calories during the 2nd and 450 during the 3rd.
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form what bond?
Peptide
Amino Acid Diagram
Sidechain, amine, acid
Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on extracellular concentration of what ions?
Sodium
Brown fat cells are specialized to
Store fat, generate heat.
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Stored in the tissue, and they stay there. Soluble in oil
Where and what is extracellular water
Surrounds cells (tissue fluid) or is fluid portion of blood.
What are water soluble vitamins?
They dissolve in water. B and C
Is caffeine a diuretic?
Yes it makes you go.
Are insulin and glucagon proteins?
Yes they are polypeptide.
Do proteins in blood help maintain proper fluid balance?
Yes they help.
Do proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream? If so, which ones?
Yes, hemaglobin.
Muscle cells can use what energy system to obtain energy?
cellular, aerobic, phosphate (PCr)
A persons risk of ______ increases his or her BMI approaches or exceeds the obese range.
chronic disease
_______ is the primary function of white adipose cells
energy storage
The deamination process forms
removal of nitrogen containing group from unneeded amino acid
