Nutrition FINAL

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What is glycogen and where is stored?

Liver and muscles.

What is a low birth weight newborn?

Lower than 5lbs.

Water can pass through a selectively permeable membrane by?

Osmosis

Which is the following macronutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?

glucose or pyruvate

The ___________ is the main site of deamination in the body?

liver

What is considered healthy BMI?

18.5-24.9

According to a national survey, nearly _____ of Americans were overweight or obese.

2/3

Holly is a healthy woman who is 22 year old. Using this info, calculate her target heart rate zone for moderate-intensity.

220-(age) 22. = 198 198 * .5 (moderate) 198* .75 (high)

What is considered overweight BMI?

25-29.9

Approritate weight gain during pregnancy for a woman who is not under or over weight should be

25-35 lbs

What is considered obese BMI

30-39.9

What percent of the body is water?

45-70

A pregnant woman's rate of weight gain should be....

4lbs during the 1st trimester, then 1lb per week during the 2nd and 3rd.

Jared is an average 23 healthy man. Based on the information about ______ of his bodys total energy use is for basal metabolism

75%

_______ is the primary source of direct energy (energy currency) for cells

ATP

Visceral fat is located where

Abdomen or around organs.

An ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

Antioxidant,. A, C and E

The body can store large amounts of what B vitamin?

B 12

The ratio of weight to height that is used to determine whether a persons weight is healthy.

BMI

Why is taking excess amounts of fat soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water soluble vitamins.

Because they are less easily removed from the body.

What roles does water play in the human body?

Breaks down nutrients. Sweat to cool off.

What are major minerals?

Calcium, phosphorus, electrolytes. Essential minerals required in 100 mg per day.

Factors that contribute to obesity in USA include

Consumer diet, fast food availability, schedule limitations

Instructions for making porins are coded in a cells what?

DNA

__________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and as a result the molecule loses its function

Denaturation

What are some of the chemical properties of vitamins?

Helps regulate cell growth, boost immune system

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to?

Lactic Acid

The _______ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans?

Liver

What are minor minerals?

Metals, trace minerals.

A pregnants woman's energy needs during pregnancy should be

No increase in energy during the 1st trimester, 350 extra calories during the 2nd and 450 during the 3rd.

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form what bond?

Peptide

Amino Acid Diagram

Sidechain, amine, acid

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on extracellular concentration of what ions?

Sodium

Brown fat cells are specialized to

Store fat, generate heat.

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Stored in the tissue, and they stay there. Soluble in oil

Where and what is extracellular water

Surrounds cells (tissue fluid) or is fluid portion of blood.

What are water soluble vitamins?

They dissolve in water. B and C

Is caffeine a diuretic?

Yes it makes you go.

Are insulin and glucagon proteins?

Yes they are polypeptide.

Do proteins in blood help maintain proper fluid balance?

Yes they help.

Do proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream? If so, which ones?

Yes, hemaglobin.

Muscle cells can use what energy system to obtain energy?

cellular, aerobic, phosphate (PCr)

A persons risk of ______ increases his or her BMI approaches or exceeds the obese range.

chronic disease

_______ is the primary function of white adipose cells

energy storage

The deamination process forms

removal of nitrogen containing group from unneeded amino acid


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