Nutrition Final

Garlic, which contains sulfur compounds that may reduce heart disease risk, is an example of: a. a positive additive in foods b. a functional food c. a food derivative d. a supplemental food

b. a functional food

The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level

b. estimated average requirement

8. In nutrition research, a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence and used as a starting point for further investigation is called the observation. a. true b. false

b. false

Government agencies regulate supplements under the same guidelines as those for drugs. a. true b. false

b. false

Just as glucose is the basic building block of CHO, triglycerides are the basic building blocks of protein. a. true b. false

b. false

34. This monosaccharide tastes the sweetest of all the sugars and is used by food manufacturers as an additive to sweeten many foods, including soft drinks, fruit beverages, desserts, candies, jellies, and jams. a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. dextrose

b. fructose

Lean and Extra Lean: a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim

b. health claim

69. Low-fat diets may reduce the risk for some types of cancers a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim

b. nutrient content claim

The constant recycling of proteins in the body is known as: a. amino acid pool b. protein turnover c. positive nitrogen balance d. negative nitrogen balance

b. protein turnover

Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? a. periodic muscle contractions that break apart chunks of the food mass b. proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process c. cells where smell and taste are identified d. proteins that slow down the process of absorption by delaying stomach emptying

b. proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process

Most fatty acids in food and in the body exist as part of a _____ molecule. a. monoglyceride b. triglyceride c. polyglyceride d. cholesterol

b. triglyceride

275 grams of carbohydrate provides what percent of calories from carbohydrate in a 2,000 kcal diet? a. 25 b. 40 c. 55 d. 60

c. 55

Based upon expert estimates of nutrient intake by a defined group of healthy people. These are used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level

c. dietary reference intake

What substance is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells? a. fatty acids b. amino acids c. glucose d. ketones

c. glucose

35. During exercise, this type of stored carbohydrate in human muscles is broken down rapidly into single glucose molecules for energy. a. glucose b. fructose c. glycogen d. fiber

c. glycogen

24. The Exchange Lists define groups of food in terms of: a. vitamin content b. mineral content c. macronutrient content and food type d. supplement needs

c. macronutrient content and food type

Circumstances in which a person lives, works, and plays in a way that promotes the overconsumption of calories and discourages physical activity and calorie expenditure is best described as: a. economic environment b. food and diet trends c. obesogenic environment d. social-ecological model

c. obesogenic environment

38. This process removes the outer husk, bran layers, and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called: a. fortification b. enrichment c. refinement d. replacement

c. refinement

If a food label identifies the total number of kilocalories in a bowl of cereal as 140 and the carbohydrate kilocalories as 100, what is the approximate percentage of energy supplied by carbohydrates? a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70

d. 70

Ten to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide the human body with an adequate supply of Vitamin C. a. true b. false

false

The majority of alcohol is metabolized in the: a. small intestine b. stomach c. bloodstream d. liver

liver

The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97-98% of the individuals in a life-state and gender group. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level

recommended dietary allowance

Helps prevent dental caries: a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim

structure/ function claim

The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in a defined group Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level

tolerable upper intake level

29. Both hormonal and nervous system signals regulate gastrointestinal activity. a. true b. false

true

33. The two types of carbohydrates in food are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. a. true b. false

true

39. Although most cells can burn fat for energy, the body also uses glucose to burn fat efficiently. a. true b. false

true

68. Taking a vitamin at megadose levels can cause that vitamin to act as a drug, rather than as a supplement. a. true b. false

true

A nutrient level that exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is harmful. a. true b. false

true

Absorption takes place along the entire length of the small intestine. a. true b. false

true

Adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid will make the texture of that fatty acid more solid. a. true b. false

true

Although it provides calories, alcohol performs no essential function in the body and, therefore, is not a nutrient. a. true b. false

true

An example of a case control study is one in which a group of individuals who have a condition, such as heart disease, are compared with a similar group of people who do not have the same condition. a. true b. false

true

Animal products tend to have a fairly constant vitamin level, but the vitamin content of fruit and vegetables may vary depending on factors such as sunlight, moisture, and growing conditions. a. true b. false

true

Anna is a 3-year-old child who will only eat bananas, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, and chicken nuggets. Her mother is frustrated because she will not try anything new. This period of food neophobia is typical of many preschoolers. a. true b. false

true

Because of possible vitamin A toxicity, pregnant women should be wary of retinol-containing supplements and avoid retinoid-containing medications. a. true b. false

true

Exchange Lists can help individuals plan diets with specific levels of energy and carbohydrates figured out within each meal and snack menu. a. true b. false

true

Foods high in nutrient density are those that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories. a. true b. false

true

Germ is the part of the kernel of grain that is rich in protein, oils, vitamins and minerals. a. true b. false

true

In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems. a. true b. false

true

Most health professionals who speak of "moderate alcohol intake" usually mean no more than one serving in a day for women and no more than two servings in a day for men. a. true b. false

true

Professional journals in print and on the internet are examples of primary sources of scientific research information. a. true b. false

true

Recommended Dietary Allowances are the suggested amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of most people in a particular age group. a. true b. false

true

Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats. a. true b. false

true

Stressful emotions such as depression and fear can decrease gastric acid secretion, reduce blood flow to the stomach, inhibit peristalsis, and reduce food moving through the GI tract. a. true b. false

true

The Adequate Intakes (AIs) are determined through observation of healthy individuals. a. true b. false

true

The acceptable range for total fat intake for adults is between 20-35 percent. a. true b. false

true

The bran component of a kernel of grain is rich in dietary fiber and nutrients. a. true b. false

true

The main objective of the dietary guidelines is to encourage Americans to balance calorie intake with physical activity to manage weight. a. true b. false

true

The stomach normally empties in one to four hours, and the higher the fat content of a meal, the longer it will take to leave the stomach. a. true b. false

true

The total calories of a meal that contains 84 grams of carbohydrate, 27 grams of fat, 43 grams of protein and 18 grams of alcohol is 877 and the percentage of total calories of each component of this meal are CHO 38%, FAT 28%, PRO 20%, and ALC 14%. a. true b. false

true

The underlying core nutrition concepts that help to keep the focus of healthy eating on a total diet approach include nutrient density, calorie control, moderation, variety, adequacy, and balance. a. true b. false

true

Vitamin D is unique because, given sufficient sunlight, your body can make all that it needs and dietary vitamin D intake is not necessary. a. true b. false

true

When dietary protein is inadequate, body protein is broken down faster to replenish the amino acid pool, which can lead to a loss of essential body tissue. a. true b. false

true

When results of a study show correlation, we conclude that there is a relationship between two or more factors, but that the factors do not establish nor address cause and effect. a. true b. false

true

When we eat more protein than we need, the excess is either used to make energy or is stored as fat. a. true b. false

true

Which component of the Nutrition Facts panel can be used as an effective way to compare the fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate, or protein content in one serving of the product? a. % Daily Value b. serving size c. calories per serving d. calorie conversion information

a. % Daily Value

20. The Nutrition Facts panel on most packaged foods contains the amounts of nutrients in that food. It also compares these amounts to the recommended intake values. These comparisons are reported as: a. % Daily Values b. servings per container c. calories per gram d. ingredient lists

a. % Daily Values

Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and a(n): a. hormone b. enzyme c. anticoagulant d. carcinogen

a. hormone

A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is: a. scurvy b. beriberi c. rickets d. pellagra

a. scurvy

Lipoproteins are an example of protein's transport function, since they package proteins with lipids so that lipid particles can be carried in the blood. a. true b. false

a. true

Peanut butter and jelly on whole-wheat bread is an example of a complementary protein combination. a. true b. false

a. true

The network of veins and arteries through which blood carries nutrients is the: a. vascular system b. lymphatic system c. enteric nervous system d. central nervous system

a. vascular system

What is most likely to happen if glucose stores are depleted and no carbohydrates are supplied in the diet? a. enzymes will break down all available polysaccharides into simple sugar b. the liver will stimulate glucose production from stored fat c. the body will make glucose from body proteins d. the hormones in the small intestine will stimulate glucose production

c. the body will make glucose from body proteins

Which of the following best describes components of a double-blind study? a. when members of the control group know which group they are in, but members of the experimental group do not b. when the researchers do not know which group the subjects are in, but the subjects of both the control and experimental group know which group they are in c. when neither the subjects nor the researchers are aware of the subjects' group assignments d. when members of the experimental group and the researchers know which study group all of the subjects are in

c. when neither the subjects nor the researchers are aware of the subjects' group assignments

If you eat a diet with 2,000 kilocalories, and 45% of those calories come from protein, about how many grams of protein did you eat? a. 100 b. 128 c. 200 d. 225

d. 225

18. Which Dietary Reference Intake describes the percentage of total calories that should come from each macronutrient? For example: 20% calories from fat, 65% calories from carbohydrate, and 15% calories from protein. a. Recommended Dietary Allowance b. Estimated Average Requirement c. Adequate Intake d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

Proteins are organic compounds made of smaller building blocks called: a. fatty acids b. carbohydrates c. glycerol d. amino acids

d. amino acids

The healthfulness of a food is best described as its: a. calorie content b. vitamin value c. nutrient value d. nutrient density

d. nutrient density

The expectation that a treatment will be effective is a phenomenon called: a. experiment b. case control c. clinical trial d. placebo effect

d. placebo effect

If carbohydrate is not available, both _____ and _____ can be used for energy. a. fructose and glucose b. protein and water c. fructose and protein d. protein and fat

d. protein and fat

50. Essential fatty acids deficiencies are extremely rare. a. true b. false

false

If a person consumes a large amount of one particular amino acid, absorption of another amino acid that shares the same transport system will be deficient. a. true b. false

false