Nutrition Final
Garlic, which contains sulfur compounds that may reduce heart disease risk, is an example of: a. a positive additive in foods b. a functional food c. a food derivative d. a supplemental food
b. a functional food
The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level
b. estimated average requirement
8. In nutrition research, a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence and used as a starting point for further investigation is called the observation. a. true b. false
b. false
Government agencies regulate supplements under the same guidelines as those for drugs. a. true b. false
b. false
Just as glucose is the basic building block of CHO, triglycerides are the basic building blocks of protein. a. true b. false
b. false
34. This monosaccharide tastes the sweetest of all the sugars and is used by food manufacturers as an additive to sweeten many foods, including soft drinks, fruit beverages, desserts, candies, jellies, and jams. a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. dextrose
b. fructose
Lean and Extra Lean: a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim
b. health claim
69. Low-fat diets may reduce the risk for some types of cancers a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim
b. nutrient content claim
The constant recycling of proteins in the body is known as: a. amino acid pool b. protein turnover c. positive nitrogen balance d. negative nitrogen balance
b. protein turnover
Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? a. periodic muscle contractions that break apart chunks of the food mass b. proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process c. cells where smell and taste are identified d. proteins that slow down the process of absorption by delaying stomach emptying
b. proteins that speed up chemical reactions but are not altered in the process
Most fatty acids in food and in the body exist as part of a _____ molecule. a. monoglyceride b. triglyceride c. polyglyceride d. cholesterol
b. triglyceride
275 grams of carbohydrate provides what percent of calories from carbohydrate in a 2,000 kcal diet? a. 25 b. 40 c. 55 d. 60
c. 55
Based upon expert estimates of nutrient intake by a defined group of healthy people. These are used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level
c. dietary reference intake
What substance is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells? a. fatty acids b. amino acids c. glucose d. ketones
c. glucose
35. During exercise, this type of stored carbohydrate in human muscles is broken down rapidly into single glucose molecules for energy. a. glucose b. fructose c. glycogen d. fiber
c. glycogen
24. The Exchange Lists define groups of food in terms of: a. vitamin content b. mineral content c. macronutrient content and food type d. supplement needs
c. macronutrient content and food type
Circumstances in which a person lives, works, and plays in a way that promotes the overconsumption of calories and discourages physical activity and calorie expenditure is best described as: a. economic environment b. food and diet trends c. obesogenic environment d. social-ecological model
c. obesogenic environment
38. This process removes the outer husk, bran layers, and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called: a. fortification b. enrichment c. refinement d. replacement
c. refinement
If a food label identifies the total number of kilocalories in a bowl of cereal as 140 and the carbohydrate kilocalories as 100, what is the approximate percentage of energy supplied by carbohydrates? a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70
d. 70
Ten to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide the human body with an adequate supply of Vitamin C. a. true b. false
false
The majority of alcohol is metabolized in the: a. small intestine b. stomach c. bloodstream d. liver
liver
The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97-98% of the individuals in a life-state and gender group. Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level
recommended dietary allowance
Helps prevent dental caries: a.nutrient content claim b. health claim c. structure/function claim
structure/ function claim
The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in a defined group Element a. recommended dietary allowance b. estimated average requirement c. dietary reference intake d. tolerable upper intake level
tolerable upper intake level
29. Both hormonal and nervous system signals regulate gastrointestinal activity. a. true b. false
true
33. The two types of carbohydrates in food are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. a. true b. false
true
39. Although most cells can burn fat for energy, the body also uses glucose to burn fat efficiently. a. true b. false
true
68. Taking a vitamin at megadose levels can cause that vitamin to act as a drug, rather than as a supplement. a. true b. false
true
A nutrient level that exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is harmful. a. true b. false
true
Absorption takes place along the entire length of the small intestine. a. true b. false
true
Adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid will make the texture of that fatty acid more solid. a. true b. false
true
Although it provides calories, alcohol performs no essential function in the body and, therefore, is not a nutrient. a. true b. false
true
An example of a case control study is one in which a group of individuals who have a condition, such as heart disease, are compared with a similar group of people who do not have the same condition. a. true b. false
true
Animal products tend to have a fairly constant vitamin level, but the vitamin content of fruit and vegetables may vary depending on factors such as sunlight, moisture, and growing conditions. a. true b. false
true
Anna is a 3-year-old child who will only eat bananas, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, and chicken nuggets. Her mother is frustrated because she will not try anything new. This period of food neophobia is typical of many preschoolers. a. true b. false
true
Because of possible vitamin A toxicity, pregnant women should be wary of retinol-containing supplements and avoid retinoid-containing medications. a. true b. false
true
Exchange Lists can help individuals plan diets with specific levels of energy and carbohydrates figured out within each meal and snack menu. a. true b. false
true
Foods high in nutrient density are those that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories. a. true b. false
true
Germ is the part of the kernel of grain that is rich in protein, oils, vitamins and minerals. a. true b. false
true
In adults, vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare and occurs in people with fat malabsorption problems. a. true b. false
true
Most health professionals who speak of "moderate alcohol intake" usually mean no more than one serving in a day for women and no more than two servings in a day for men. a. true b. false
true
Professional journals in print and on the internet are examples of primary sources of scientific research information. a. true b. false
true
Recommended Dietary Allowances are the suggested amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of most people in a particular age group. a. true b. false
true
Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats. a. true b. false
true
Stressful emotions such as depression and fear can decrease gastric acid secretion, reduce blood flow to the stomach, inhibit peristalsis, and reduce food moving through the GI tract. a. true b. false
true
The Adequate Intakes (AIs) are determined through observation of healthy individuals. a. true b. false
true
The acceptable range for total fat intake for adults is between 20-35 percent. a. true b. false
true
The bran component of a kernel of grain is rich in dietary fiber and nutrients. a. true b. false
true
The main objective of the dietary guidelines is to encourage Americans to balance calorie intake with physical activity to manage weight. a. true b. false
true
The stomach normally empties in one to four hours, and the higher the fat content of a meal, the longer it will take to leave the stomach. a. true b. false
true
The total calories of a meal that contains 84 grams of carbohydrate, 27 grams of fat, 43 grams of protein and 18 grams of alcohol is 877 and the percentage of total calories of each component of this meal are CHO 38%, FAT 28%, PRO 20%, and ALC 14%. a. true b. false
true
The underlying core nutrition concepts that help to keep the focus of healthy eating on a total diet approach include nutrient density, calorie control, moderation, variety, adequacy, and balance. a. true b. false
true
Vitamin D is unique because, given sufficient sunlight, your body can make all that it needs and dietary vitamin D intake is not necessary. a. true b. false
true
When dietary protein is inadequate, body protein is broken down faster to replenish the amino acid pool, which can lead to a loss of essential body tissue. a. true b. false
true
When results of a study show correlation, we conclude that there is a relationship between two or more factors, but that the factors do not establish nor address cause and effect. a. true b. false
true
When we eat more protein than we need, the excess is either used to make energy or is stored as fat. a. true b. false
true
Which component of the Nutrition Facts panel can be used as an effective way to compare the fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate, or protein content in one serving of the product? a. % Daily Value b. serving size c. calories per serving d. calorie conversion information
a. % Daily Value
20. The Nutrition Facts panel on most packaged foods contains the amounts of nutrients in that food. It also compares these amounts to the recommended intake values. These comparisons are reported as: a. % Daily Values b. servings per container c. calories per gram d. ingredient lists
a. % Daily Values
Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and a(n): a. hormone b. enzyme c. anticoagulant d. carcinogen
a. hormone
A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is: a. scurvy b. beriberi c. rickets d. pellagra
a. scurvy
Lipoproteins are an example of protein's transport function, since they package proteins with lipids so that lipid particles can be carried in the blood. a. true b. false
a. true
Peanut butter and jelly on whole-wheat bread is an example of a complementary protein combination. a. true b. false
a. true
The network of veins and arteries through which blood carries nutrients is the: a. vascular system b. lymphatic system c. enteric nervous system d. central nervous system
a. vascular system
What is most likely to happen if glucose stores are depleted and no carbohydrates are supplied in the diet? a. enzymes will break down all available polysaccharides into simple sugar b. the liver will stimulate glucose production from stored fat c. the body will make glucose from body proteins d. the hormones in the small intestine will stimulate glucose production
c. the body will make glucose from body proteins
Which of the following best describes components of a double-blind study? a. when members of the control group know which group they are in, but members of the experimental group do not b. when the researchers do not know which group the subjects are in, but the subjects of both the control and experimental group know which group they are in c. when neither the subjects nor the researchers are aware of the subjects' group assignments d. when members of the experimental group and the researchers know which study group all of the subjects are in
c. when neither the subjects nor the researchers are aware of the subjects' group assignments
If you eat a diet with 2,000 kilocalories, and 45% of those calories come from protein, about how many grams of protein did you eat? a. 100 b. 128 c. 200 d. 225
d. 225
18. Which Dietary Reference Intake describes the percentage of total calories that should come from each macronutrient? For example: 20% calories from fat, 65% calories from carbohydrate, and 15% calories from protein. a. Recommended Dietary Allowance b. Estimated Average Requirement c. Adequate Intake d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
Proteins are organic compounds made of smaller building blocks called: a. fatty acids b. carbohydrates c. glycerol d. amino acids
d. amino acids
The healthfulness of a food is best described as its: a. calorie content b. vitamin value c. nutrient value d. nutrient density
d. nutrient density
The expectation that a treatment will be effective is a phenomenon called: a. experiment b. case control c. clinical trial d. placebo effect
d. placebo effect
If carbohydrate is not available, both _____ and _____ can be used for energy. a. fructose and glucose b. protein and water c. fructose and protein d. protein and fat
d. protein and fat
50. Essential fatty acids deficiencies are extremely rare. a. true b. false
false
If a person consumes a large amount of one particular amino acid, absorption of another amino acid that shares the same transport system will be deficient. a. true b. false
false