Nutrition Final Exam Part 3
When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are of major importance EXCEPT: EDTA content, phytate content, vitamin C content, MFP factor content
EDTA content
The oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells is:
Myoglobin
List 4 fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?
Albumin
A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by
decreasing iron absorption
Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Desiccation
desiccation
Which is NOT known to promote vitamin D deficiency in the elderly? :Consumption of little or no milk, excessive use of hypertension medications, wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen while outdoors, diminished capacity of liver and kidney synthesis of activated vitamin D
excessive use of hypertension medications
Iron storage protein _________ captures iron from food and stores it in the cells of small intestine before releases it to an iron transport protein ______________
ferritin; transferritin
A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?
folate
Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of:
folate
The appearance of vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake pf supplements:
folate
List two vitamins and one mineral who's deficiency can lead to anemia
folate, b12 and iron
Vitamin K deficiency
hemorrage
The mineral that maintains teeth health and confers decay resistance on teeth is ________________
hydroxyapatite floride
Which of the following is NOT among the properties of electrolytes? :They attract water, they are charged particles, they can carry an electrical current, they include fat-soluble as well as water-soluble particles
they include fat-soluble as well as water-soluble particles
A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either:
vitamin b12 or folate
Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscles?
vitamin b6
What is the response of the thyroid gland to an iodine deficiency?
increase in its size to trap more iodine
Which of the following is an important function of selenium?
inhibits the formation of free radicals
The mineral whose deficiency can be resulted in enlarged thyroid gland called goiter is _____________
iodine
Which of the following represents the order of the stages of iron deficiency?
iron stores decline; iron transport diminishes: hemoglobin synthesis fails
What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamin?
kidney
Vitamin Folate deficiency
neural tube defect
What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?
osteomalacia
What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?
pantothenic acid
Vitamin Niacin deficiency
pellagra
Vitamin b12 deficiency
pernicious anemia
Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?
raw egg whites
Aldosterone and remain each function to promote
retention of sodium
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?
riboflavin
Vitamin D deficiency
ricket
Vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
List six trace minerals
selenium, zinc, copper, iron, floride, magnesium
Which of the organs is NOT required for the complete synthesis of activated vitamin D?
small intestine
Which of the following is an overt sign of possible B vitamin deficiency?
smooth tongue
List three minerals required in maintenance of normal fluid and electrolyte balance
sodium, chloride, potassium
All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration EXCEPT
spastic muscles
What is hydroxyapatite?
the calcium-rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones
Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?
They arise from normal metabolic reactions
Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?
Zinc
List 6 water soluble water vitamins
b12, b6, biotin, thymine, folate, riboflavin
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K
Vitamin Thiamin deficiency
beriberi
List four antioxidants
beta carotene, vitamin e, vitamin c, selenium
Where is interstitial water found?
between cells
Vitamin A deficiency
blindness
Which of the following is most likely to occur from a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin A?
blindness (xerophthalmia)
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
blood clotting
Blood calcium is regulated by vitamin D and two hormones, what are they?
calcitotin, parathyroid hormone
List five major minerals
calcium, chloride, sulfer, sodium, magnesium
List three minerals involve in mineralization of bone
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?
catalyst in energy metabolism
Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?
coenzyme needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts
What is a chief function of the B vitamin?
coenzyme participation
A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin
d
T/F: A mineral salt such as sodium chloride dissolves in water and dissociate into ions. These ions are called electrolytes and these ions containing solutions is called electrolyte solutions
true
T/F: Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) released by pituitary gland is a water-conserving hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water whenever blood volume or pressure falls too low
true
T/F: Chloride is a major anion outside cells
true
T/F: Diets high in potassium tends to lower blood pressure balance
true
T/F: Hard water has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium
true
T/F: Iodine is a component of the thyroid of the thyroid hormones that regulate metabolic rate:
true
T/F: The regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance occurs at the GI tract and kidneys
true
The outer, hard shell of bone is called?
cortical bone
T/F: Iron is not apart of the protein hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood
false
T/F: Potassium deficiency cannot cause irregular heartbeat
false
T/F: Potassium is one of the major cations outside cells
false
T/F: Prolonged intake of excess sodium cannot lead to hypertension
false
T/F: Red blood cells (RBC) in iron deficiency anemia are large (macrocytic)
false
Which of the following is a feature of water?
generated from oxidation of energy nutrients
What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the blood stream?
hemoglobin
Common terms that describe the body's accumulation of excess iron include all of the following EXCEPT: Iron overload, hemosiderosis, hemoglobinaemia, hemochromatosis
hemoglobinaemia