Nutrition Final Exam Part 3

When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are of major importance EXCEPT: EDTA content, phytate content, vitamin C content, MFP factor content

EDTA content

The oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells is:

Myoglobin

List 4 fat soluble vitamins

ADEK

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?

Albumin

A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by

decreasing iron absorption

Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Desiccation

desiccation

Which is NOT known to promote vitamin D deficiency in the elderly? :Consumption of little or no milk, excessive use of hypertension medications, wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen while outdoors, diminished capacity of liver and kidney synthesis of activated vitamin D

excessive use of hypertension medications

Iron storage protein _________ captures iron from food and stores it in the cells of small intestine before releases it to an iron transport protein ______________

ferritin; transferritin

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?

folate

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of:

folate

The appearance of vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake pf supplements:

folate

List two vitamins and one mineral who's deficiency can lead to anemia

folate, b12 and iron

Vitamin K deficiency

hemorrage

The mineral that maintains teeth health and confers decay resistance on teeth is ________________

hydroxyapatite floride

Which of the following is NOT among the properties of electrolytes? :They attract water, they are charged particles, they can carry an electrical current, they include fat-soluble as well as water-soluble particles

they include fat-soluble as well as water-soluble particles

A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either:

vitamin b12 or folate

Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscles?

vitamin b6

What is the response of the thyroid gland to an iodine deficiency?

increase in its size to trap more iodine

Which of the following is an important function of selenium?

inhibits the formation of free radicals

The mineral whose deficiency can be resulted in enlarged thyroid gland called goiter is _____________

iodine

Which of the following represents the order of the stages of iron deficiency?

iron stores decline; iron transport diminishes: hemoglobin synthesis fails

What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamin?

kidney

Vitamin Folate deficiency

neural tube defect

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?

osteomalacia

What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?

pantothenic acid

Vitamin Niacin deficiency

pellagra

Vitamin b12 deficiency

pernicious anemia

Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?

raw egg whites

Aldosterone and remain each function to promote

retention of sodium

The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?

riboflavin

Vitamin D deficiency

ricket

Vitamin C deficiency

scurvy

List six trace minerals

selenium, zinc, copper, iron, floride, magnesium

Which of the organs is NOT required for the complete synthesis of activated vitamin D?

small intestine

Which of the following is an overt sign of possible B vitamin deficiency?

smooth tongue

List three minerals required in maintenance of normal fluid and electrolyte balance

sodium, chloride, potassium

All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration EXCEPT

spastic muscles

What is hydroxyapatite?

the calcium-rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones

Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

They arise from normal metabolic reactions

Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?

Zinc

List 6 water soluble water vitamins

b12, b6, biotin, thymine, folate, riboflavin

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?

bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K

Vitamin Thiamin deficiency

beriberi

List four antioxidants

beta carotene, vitamin e, vitamin c, selenium

Where is interstitial water found?

between cells

Vitamin A deficiency

blindness

Which of the following is most likely to occur from a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin A?

blindness (xerophthalmia)

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

blood clotting

Blood calcium is regulated by vitamin D and two hormones, what are they?

calcitotin, parathyroid hormone

List five major minerals

calcium, chloride, sulfer, sodium, magnesium

List three minerals involve in mineralization of bone

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?

catalyst in energy metabolism

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?

coenzyme needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts

What is a chief function of the B vitamin?

coenzyme participation

A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin

d

T/F: A mineral salt such as sodium chloride dissolves in water and dissociate into ions. These ions are called electrolytes and these ions containing solutions is called electrolyte solutions

true

T/F: Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) released by pituitary gland is a water-conserving hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water whenever blood volume or pressure falls too low

true

T/F: Chloride is a major anion outside cells

true

T/F: Diets high in potassium tends to lower blood pressure balance

true

T/F: Hard water has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium

true

T/F: Iodine is a component of the thyroid of the thyroid hormones that regulate metabolic rate:

true

T/F: The regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance occurs at the GI tract and kidneys

true

The outer, hard shell of bone is called?

cortical bone

T/F: Iron is not apart of the protein hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood

false

T/F: Potassium deficiency cannot cause irregular heartbeat

false

T/F: Potassium is one of the major cations outside cells

false

T/F: Prolonged intake of excess sodium cannot lead to hypertension

false

T/F: Red blood cells (RBC) in iron deficiency anemia are large (macrocytic)

false

Which of the following is a feature of water?

generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the blood stream?

hemoglobin

Common terms that describe the body's accumulation of excess iron include all of the following EXCEPT: Iron overload, hemosiderosis, hemoglobinaemia, hemochromatosis

hemoglobinaemia