Nutrition Lesson 5 Quiz

saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated

A fatty acid is _____________ if it contains no carbon-carbon double bonds, _______________ if it contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and _________________ if it has only one carbon-carbon double bond.

Hydrogen

Fatty acids are classified based on their degree of saturation of _____________ to be bound to the carbons in the fatty acid chain.

decrease

Omega-3 fatty acids also ___________ inflammation in the body.

decrease

Omega-3 fatty acids tend to __________ blood clotting.

Increase, increase

Omega-6 fatty acids ________ clotting and _________ inflammation in the body.

Fatty Fish

Regina's pregnant sister is interested in eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linoleic (omega-3) acid. She had heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. What is a food that is a good source of EPA+DHA?

delta, carboxyl, all

The _______ system describes fatty acids in relation to the __________ end of the carbon chain and indicates the location of _____ double bonds.

Omega, double bond, methyl

The ________ system for naming fatty acids indicates where the first ___________ closest to the ________ end of the chain occurs.

Omega

The methyl end of the fatty acid chain is called the _______ end.

1. coconut oil 2. butter 3. palm oil 4. olive oil 5. canola oil

The order of fats based on percentage of saturated fatty acids from highest (1) to lowest (5)

Trans

The unsaturated fatty acids can exist in one of two structural forms: the _____ form occurs when hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of that bond.

Glycerol

There are a number of lipids that are found in foods and contribute to various functions in the body. Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in food and in the body; they consist of a _____________ backbone attached to three fatty acids

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

These fats decrease blood levels of cholesterol and are liquid at room temperature.

Saturated Fatty Acids

These fats increase blood levels of cholesterol and are solid at room temperature

Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids

These fats reduce inflammation responses, blood clotting, and triglyceride levels.

Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids

These fats regulate blood pressure and increase blood clotting.

Trans Fatty Acids

These fatty acids increase blood cholesterol, LDL, inflammation, and are created when unsaturated fatty acids are partially hydrogenated.

decrease

Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement has been shown to _____________ circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.

Smoking cessation, low saturated and trans fat diet, consumption of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants.

What are some anti-atherosclerotic lifestyles that reduce risk of cardiovascular disease?

cis

When hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid lie on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond, a ___ formation exists.

Cholesterol

Which lipid forms part of the active vitamin D hormone and is the lipid that your body's cells make about 875 mg of this lipid per day.

Phospholopid

Which lipid is an important component of all cell membranes due to its hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail and acts as an emulsifier in fat digestion and absorption to form micelles.

Triglyceride

Which lipid transports fat-soluble vitamins and is the primary storage form of fat in the adipose tissue?

LDL

Which lipoprotein arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to cells?

HDL

Which lipoprotein arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to the liver for excretion?

Chylomicron

Which lipoprotein carries absorbed fat to body cells?

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Which lipoprotein carries fat taken up the bloodstream by the liver, as well as any fat made by the liver, to body cells?

18:2 n6, omega, linoleic acid.

____________ has 18 carbons in its carbon chain and 2 double bonds, and the first double bond starts at the 6th carbon from the ________ end; thus, it is named ____________.