Nutrition MC Questions for Midterm
Fiber contains how many calories per gram? 0 4 7 9
0
All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat each except: 1 cup of sour cream 1 teaspoon of oil 1 tablespoon of regular salad dressing 1 1/2 teaspoons of margarine 1 tablespoon of heavy cream
1 cup of sour cream
Which of the following alcoholic beverage servings delivers a little over half an ounce of ethanol? 8 ounces of wine 6 ounces of hard liquor 12 ounces of wine cooler 3 ounces of alcoholic lemonade 12 ounces of beer
12 ounces of beer
Sugar alcohols, contained in many diet foods, have "approximately" how many calories per gram? 0 2 4 7
2
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, 1 cup cooked kidney beans can be substituted with _____ to meet the same nutritional requirement. 1 cup 100 percent fruit juice 1 canned fruit 1.5 cup vegetable juice 2 cups raw kale 4 slices of bread
2 cups raw kale
The upper limit for sugar intake recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) is which of the following? 6 teaspoons (100 calories) for women and 9 teaspoons (150 calories) for men 9 teaspoons (150 calories) for women and 6 teaspoons (100 calories) for men 8 teaspoons (100 calories) for women and 9 teaspoons (200 calories) for men 6 tablespoons (100 calories) for women and 9 tablespoons (150 calories) for men
6 teaspoons (100 calories) for women and 9 teaspoons (150 calories) for men
Fat cells in the average person can store over how many calories of fat, making their ability to expand their fat storage capacity almost endless over time. 2,000 2,500 30,500 70,000
70,000
Pancreatic juice has a pH value of _____. 14 8 2 10 1
8
Which of the following is not associated with an excess intake of protein? Enlarged livers in humans Enlarged kidneys in animals Worsening of existing kidney problems Weight gain with animal meat consumption Increased risk of heart disease
Enlarged livers in humans
Which agency is responsible for maintaining the safety standards of bottled water in the United States? FDA EPA NHANES WHO USDA
FDA
Which of the following statements is true of LDL and HDL? LDL are much smaller than HDL as they are devoid of cholesterol. HDL pick up cholesterol from the liver and transfer it to the blood. LDL transport lipids from the muscles to the liver. HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal. As compared to LDL, HDL contain a large proportion of cholesterol.
HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal.
Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency? Conversion of fat into amino acids Increased bowel movement Impaired kidney function Fluid accumulation in the brain Increased acid in the blood
Impaired kidney function
Which of the following statements is true of insulin? Insulin strands consist of bridges formed by the bonding of sulfur groups in cysteine molecules. Insulin is an essential amino acid and should be consumed regularly through the diet. A change in the amino acid sequence of insulin causes sickle-cell disease. Insulin is a primary protein found in bones and ligaments. Human insulin strands are made up of only one type of amino acid.
Insulin strands consist of bridges formed by the bonding of sulfur groups in cysteine molecules.
Which of the following is a major function of the saliva secreted by the salivary glands? It moistens and lubricates food. It breaks down glucose into starch. It helps maintain an alkaline environment in the mouth. It splits protein fragments into free amino acids. It helps absorb minerals from food.
It breaks down glucose into starch.
Which of the following statements is true about groundwater as a source of drinking water? It comes from deep, protected underground aquifers. It is protected from industrial contaminants. It is the purest form of water. It is not available for domestic purposes. It comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
It comes from deep, protected underground aquifers.
Which of the following statements is true of vitamin C? A lack of the vitamin causes beriberi. It inhibits iron absorption. It prevents common cold. It helps maintain connective tissues. An excess of the vitamin can result in gallstones.
It helps maintain connective tissues.
Which of the following statements is true of lactose intolerance? It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar. It is a disease in which the pancreas swells and stops functioning. It is a condition in which the body resists the digestion of proteins. It is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, and sweating. It is a condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose concentration and weight gain.
It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.
Which of the following statements is true of hypoglycemia? It is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose and anxiety. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels and weight gain. It is a disease in which sacs or pouches balloon out of the intestinal wall. It is a disease in which the appendix swells and bursts. It is a condition in which the body resists protein digestion.
It is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose and anxiety.
Which of the following is a probable health benefit of eating brown rice? It increases appetite. It increases blood flow. It helps reduce complex carbohydrate intake. It lowers the risk of hemorrhoids and appendicitis. It lowers the risk of bone deformities.
It lowers the risk of hemorrhoids and appendicitis.
What does an elemental diet consist of? A selection of nutrient-rich whole foods for improving lactation in new mothers Mineral-rich whole foods for improving athletic performance Life-saving liquid diets of precise chemical composition for those unable to eat A selection of whole foods and dietary supplements for people with mild nutrient deficiencies Pills, liquids, and powders for augmenting a normal, healthy diet
Life-saving liquid diets of precise chemical composition for those unable to eat
Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes? Maintaining a healthy body weight Taking oral hypoglycemic agents Restricting protein intake Increasing caffeine intake Avoiding physical exercise
Maintaining a healthy body weight
Who among the following should avoid taking vitamin C supplements because of an increased risk of negative effects? People who are lactose intolerant People with high cholesterol in their blood People suffering from common cold People suffering from kidney disorders People suffering from burn injuries
People suffering from kidney disorders
Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision? Vegetarian diets contain greater amounts of heart-protective omega-3 fatty acids. Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, reducing the risk of heart disease. Substituting soy for meat proteins has resulted in a decrease in heart disease risk. Lung cancer never develops in people eating plant-based diets. Intakes of cheese and shortening decrease when meat consumption decreases.
Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, reducing the risk of heart disease.
A friend of yours is planning to purchase a water softener. What is the most appropriate advice that you can give to your friend? Hard water lathers better with less soap, so it is better for cleaning and bathing than soft water. Soft water leaves a ring in the tub and a gray residue in the wash, which are undesirable. Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension, which is undesirable. Soft water has higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium than hard water, which is desirable. Hard water dissolves contaminant metals more easily than soft water
Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension, which is undesirable.
In making recommendations for protein intake, the DRI committee took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be: a combination of animal and plant sources sufficient for pregnant women of all ages used by athletes and bodybuilders best absorbed with food additives used only for building muscle mass
a combination of animal and plant sources
The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of: the elimination of most protein-rich food from the diet the use of olive oil as the only fat source in the diet a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood the addition of larger portions of chicken and fish a combination of increasing fat intake and reducing carbohydrate and protein intakes
a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood
Vitamin E serves as: a provitamin an antioxidant an antivitamin a free radical a precursor
an antioxidant
If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that: antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while acid reducers are effective for neutralizing acid already present in the stomach antacids are a good treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) heartburn medicines work best if taken with a large glass of liquid during a meal fiber-rich foods should be avoided when taking antacids
antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while
Blood glucose can plummet in which of the following situations? inadequate food intake too much strenuous activity illness too much insulin any of the above all of the above except C A & B only
any of the above
Complex carbohydrates: include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units are known as monosaccharides and disaccharides are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber contain calcium, hydrogen, and nitrogen are small molecules containing six carbon atoms
are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber
Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as _____. adequacy calorie control moderation balance variety
balance
Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat? Butter Steak Bananas Biscuits Black coffee
biscuits
For healthy people, the Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management help primarily with: balance calorie control adequacy nutrient selection variety
calorie control
The development of chronic diseases has a connection to poor diet and: can be completely prevented by following a good diet is not affected by lifestyle choices is not affected by genetics can be completely prevented by altering genes can be prevented by food choices along with lifestyle choices
can be prevented by food choices along with lifestyle choices
Which of the following is the preferred fuel for the functioning of the brain and nerves? Proteins Ketones Carbohydrates Fats Fibers
carbohydrates
Which of the following fats is the most saturated? Safflower oil Peanut oil Olive oil Coconut oil Canola oil
coconut oil
Hypoglycemia often occurs in healthy people, whose hormones maintain normal blood glucose concentration. True False
false
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes no insulin. True False
false
The best preventive measure for Type 2 diabetes is to lower sugar intake. True False
false
Type 1 diabetes is always diagnosed during childhood. True False
false
The most energy-rich nutrient is: carbohydrate fat protein water fiber
fat
Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets? Mushrooms Bok choy Whole grains Flaxseed Milk
flaxseed
Omnivorous people eat: foods of only plant origin foods of both plant and animal origin foods of only animal origin foods consisting of only purified ingredients foods manufactured for use by people with medical disorders
foods of both plant and animal origin
Which of the following are true about sugar alcohols? a. They are safe in moderation. b. They can cause abdominal discomfort and gas in large amounts. c. They cause dental caries. d. They produce a lower glycemic response than sugars. e. They are derived from vegetables. f. All of the above are true. g. All of the above, except C and E are true h. All of the above except E are true.
g. All of the above, except C and E are true
Hormones are secreted and released directly into the blood by organs known as _____. nerves ducts glands arteries capillaries
glands
All of the following compounds are fibers except: glycogen cellulose hemicellulose pectin lignin
glycogen
Which of the following diseases is responsible for the highest percentage of deaths in the United States? Cancer Kidney disease Heart disease Chronic lung disease Alzheimer's disease
heart disease
Which of the following diseases is not influenced by diet? Iron-deficiency anemia Hemophilia Diabetes Vitamin deficiencies Hypertension
hemophilia
The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is: high intake of legumes high intake of vegetables high saturated and trans fat intakes high polyunsaturated fat intake high intake of lipoproteins
high saturated and trans fat intakes
When blood glucose concentrations rises, the pancreas secretes _________, and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes _________ . glycogen; insulin insulin; glucagon glucagon; glycogen insulin; fructose
insulin; glucagon
The USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that: it has been tested for safety it has been tested for effectiveness it has been scientifically proven to prevent chronic disease it provides 100% of the Daily Value for most vitamins and minerals it contains the ingredients listed on the label
it contains the ingredients listed on the label
You can tell that a claim about nutrition is unreliable if: it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims the evidence used to support the claim comes from a university laboratory it appears in a peer-reviewed scientific journal it is being made by a public health nutritionist it is written in a blog on the Internet
it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims
The body's use of fat for fuel without the help of carbohydrate rule in the production of _________. starch glucose ketone bodies galactose
ketone bodies
Which of the following units is used by food scientists to measure food energy? Degrees Kilograms Grams Kilocalories
kilocalories
Which of the following food sources provides the least amount of zinc? Meat Eggs Legumes Shellfish Milk
legumes
Blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____. liver kidneys gallbladder heart lungs
liver
Which of the following organs stores and releases nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals? Liver Kidney Stomach Pancreas Small intestine
liver
healthy individuals can consume vitamin A-rich foods in large quantities, but excessive consumption of _____ causes vitamin A toxicity. carrots liver cheese yogurt eggs
liver
Energy-yielding nutrients are referred to as _____. vitamins phytochemicals minerals macronutrients micronutrients
macronutrients
The important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except: maintaining bone health regulating cell growth and specialization exerting its effect on cells of the reproductive system maintaining the health of the retina exerting its effect on hair follicles
maintaining the health of the retina
Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates? Chicken Beef Milk Pork Lamb
milk
All of the following nutrients are organic except: minerals. fats. vitamins. carbohydrates. proteins.
minerals
A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive system. However, eating too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called _____. adequacy calorie control balance moderation variety
moderation
Essential fatty acids: can be obtained only from fish oils can be synthesized in the body are monounsaturated fatty acids must be supplied by the diet
must be supplied by the diet
Essential nutrients are: nutrients that do not cause deficiency diseases if they are omitted from the diet necessary nutrients that can be obtained only from the diet nutrients that the body can manufacture from raw materials nutrients that pass through the body unabsorbed necessary nutrients that cannot be obtained from the diet
necessary nutrients that can be obtained only from the diet
All of the following foods are major contributors of healthful fatty acids except: olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats
nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats
Which of the following foods would you choose as an effective stool softening agent? Oat bran Milk White rice Cheese Peanut butter
oat bran
Which of the following foods has a cholesterol-lowering effect? White bread Cornflakes Candy Oatmeal White rice
oatmeal
Atrial fibrillation, a dangerous form of irregular heartbeat is associated with the intake of _____. omega-3 acid monounsaturated fat polyunsaturated fat palmitic acid stearic acid
palmitic acid
In an individual with Type 1 Diabetes, the ________ produces very little or no ___________ . lower intestine; insulin stomach; cortisol pancreas; gherkin pancreas; insulin
pancreas; insulin
Which of the following substances inhibits iron absorption? Heme MFP factor Vitamin C Phytic acid Sodium
phytic acid
An individual has started to set small goals after writing an action plan for change. Which stage of behavior change does this example represent? comtemplation Preparation Action Adoption Precontemplation
preparation
Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers in order to: increase their smoking point retard the conversion of their fatty acids to the trans shape prevent them from losing fat-soluble vitamins prevent the oxidation process increase their boiling point
prevent the oxidation process
Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods. processed medical natural organic whole
processed
Sulfate is adequate in a diet that is rich in _____. fat protein carbohydrate vitamins calcium
protein
Which of the following nutrients can yield energy and provide materials for forming the structures and working parts of body tissues? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals
proteins
During the fight-or-flight reaction, the body reacts by: temporarily shutting down metabolism slowing down breathing to conserve oxygen releasing stored glucose from the liver speeding up the work of the digestive system slowing the heart rate to conserve blood
releasing stored glucose from the liver
Which of the following food sources provides the highest amount of zinc? Legume Whole-grain bread Shellfish Spinach Orange
shellfish
In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by: shrinking to a much smaller surface expanding to a much larger surface increasing intestinal muscle activity increasing the amount of nutrients absorbed increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes
shrinking to a much smaller surface
When attempting to treat diabetes by stabilize blood sugar, all of following approaches work together the most effectively except: appropriate exercise prescription control carbohydrate intake simple sugar intake control calorie intake control taking medication that modulate blood glucose
simple sugar intake control
According to the scientific report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, which of the following nutrients is overconsumed in U.S. diets? Vitamin A Calcium Folate Fiber Sodium
sodium
All of the following are key minerals considered to be part of the "team" that works together to support bone health except: magnesium sodium calcium phosphorous
sodium
An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. Identify the correct statement about the effect of excess consumption of meat. The body utilizes excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth. The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins. The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue. A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth. The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
the body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
A person can eat when hunger is absent because: the glands start supplying epinephrine to the brain the conscious mind of the cortex can override the body's signals the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs the hypothalamus signals the availability of food in the environment
the conscious mind of the cortex can override the body's signals
Which of the following food components do not contain insoluble fibers? The strings of celery The outer layers of wheat kernels The residues of milk The skins of corn kernels The hulls of seeds
the residues of milk
Phytochemicals found in foods are important because: they increase the risk of developing certain diseases they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases they are considered to be essential nutrients they are a new category of vitamins they confer texture and volume to foods
they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases
The major role of all vitamins and minerals in the human body is: to act as regulators in all body processes to dissolve the other nutrients to provide energy for body processes to confer color and taste to food to capture the sun's energy
to act as regulators in all body processes
Immediately after digestion, nutrients delivered from the intestines into the circulatory system are: transported to other organs where they are broken down into their elemental constituents transported to the heart, which then delivers them to the individual cells in the body transported to the kidneys, which send them to the cells in the body transported through the lymph system to the heart for distribution transported through the blood to the liver for necessary chemical alterations
transported through the blood to the liver for necessary chemical alterations
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the body's cells resist insulin's action. True False
true
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes plenty of insulin. True False
true
When attempting to control carbohydrate intake small amounts of sugar are permitted when not displacing whole foods. True False
true
Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce the risk of chronic diseases has shown that: vitamin C supplements are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases people who take vitamin E supplements have lower rates of heart disease use of the beta-carotene supplement increases the risk of lung cancer in smokers all supplements sold in this country are safe and effective supplements can fix nutrient deficiencies so a diet that lacks many nutrients is not dangerous
use of the beta-carotene supplement increases the risk of lung cancer in smokers
The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and the essential nutrients, such as: water fiber oxygen carbon dioxide hydrogen
water
Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product? Wheat flour Whole grain Unbleached flour Brown bread Natural grain
whole grain
In sickle-cell disease, which of the following amino acids replaces glutamic acid in hemoglobin? Glycine Tyrosine Serine Valine Lysine
Valine
In times of energy shortage due to inadequate carbohydrate or fat in foods, how does the body generate energy? The body decreases its breakdown of food proteins and utilizes the stored glycogen. The amine group in the amino acid is converted into carbohydrates to obtain energy. The amine group from the amino acids is removed and the remaining fragments are used for energy. Cells convert amino acids into fat and obtain concentrated energy. Cells strip off the acid groups from amino acids and convert them into energy.
The amine group from the amino acids is removed and the remaining fragments are used for energy.
Which of the following statements is true of fat hardness? The degree of saturation does not affect the melting point of a fat. The more unsaturated the fatty acids, the more solid a fat will be at room temperature. The more saturated the fatty acids, the more solid a fat will be at room temperature. The more saturated the fatty acids, the more liquid a fat will be at room temperature. All fats are solid at room temperature.
The more saturated the fatty acids, the more solid a fat will be at room temperature.
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic diseases? Individuals with the same hair color are more likely to develop the same chronic disease. Good dietary choices are sufficient to prevent the onset of all chronic diseases. The possibility of developing chronic diseases depends on genetics and lifestyle choices. Nutrition does not have any effect on the risk of developing chronic diseases. One's lifestyle does not have any effect on one's risk of developing chronic diseases.
The possibility of developing chronic diseases depends on genetics and lifestyle choices.
George is a 35-year-old athlete using nutrient supplements to give him a competitive advantage. Which of the following nutrient intake recommendations would you suggest that George become familiar with? Adequate Intakes Estimated Average Requirements Tolerable Upper Intake Levels Recommended Dietary Allowances Daily Values
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
Bite for bite, complex carbohydrate foods, provide less available energy than do fat rich foods. True False
True
