Nutrition Mid
A day's meals that provide 260 g carbohydrate, 30 g protein, and 60 g of fat are _________cal. The percentage of calories from carbohydrate is_______ percent, the percentage of calories from fat is ______percent, and the percentage of calories from protein is __________percent.
1700 cal 61% 32% 7%
The predominant type of diabetes is type_____ diabetes, characterized by________ resistance of the body's cells. In contrast, the person with type ________diabetes does not produce enough insulin because the person's immune system attacks the cells of the ________that produce it.
2, insulin, 1, pancreas
Consider the day's meals from the prior question, which provides 260 g carbohydrate, 30 g protein, and 60 g fat. The percent calories from fat is within the recommended level of ______ percent, the percent calories from carbohydrate is within the recommended level of _________ percent, and the percent calories from protein is less than the recommended level of ________ percent.
20-35% (fat) 45-65% (carb) 10-35% (protein)
An acceptable daily recommended range of fat intake is between___________ . Fat intake is necessary for________ used to fuel muscular work. The subcutaneous fat layer is important for ______ .
20-35%, storing energy, insulation
The lipids in foods and in the human body fall into_______ classes. About 95 percent of these lipids are__________ . Other classes of the lipid family include the phospholipids and____________.
3, triglycerides, sterols
Sally is a 22-year-old sedentary woman of average height and weight. How many calories should she be consuming on a daily basis? a. 2,000 cal b. 1,600 cal c. 1,800 cal d. 2,400 cal e. 1,400 cal
a. 2000
A scoop of premium ice cream has 5 grams of protein, 21 grams of carbohydrate, and 22 grams of fat. How many total calories will this provide? a. 302 calories b. 48 calories c. 100 calories d. 192 calories e. 104 calories
a. 302 calories
________ allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues, ________ carry blood towards the heart, and ________ carry blood away from the heart. a. Capillaries; veins; arteries b. Arteries; capillaries; veins c. Arteries; veins; capillaries d. Capillaries; arteries; veins e. Veins; capillaries; arteries
a. Capillaries; veins; arteries
Bill eats one cup of yogurt every day for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and he also eats candy for dessert. He exercises every day and never eats more calories than he burns. What characteristic of a nutritious diet does Bill's diet display? a. calorie control b. balance c. adequacy d. variety e. moderation
a. calorie control
Two plant oils composed primarily of saturated fats are __________. a. coconut oil and palm oil b. canola oil and olive oil c. corn oil and peanut oil d. avocado oil and sesame oil e. fish oil and safflower oil
a. coconut oil and palm oil
Lymph vessels in the intestine absorb most of the _________ present in a meal to then distribute them to the bloodstream. a. fats b. minerals c. carbohydrates d. vitamins e. proteins
a. fats
To signal hunger, the physiological need for food, the digestive tract sends messages to the ________ by way of hormones and nerves. a. hypothalamus b. brain's cortex c. pancreas d. pituitary gland e. spinal cord
a. hypothalamus
The human body stores fat __________. a. in adipose tissue that secrete appetite-regulating hormones b. in specialized inert cells that perform no other functions c. only in specialized fat cells d. and should be minimized as much as possible e. in cells that can increase in number but cannot grow in size
a. in adipose tissue that secrete appetite-regulating hormones
What facilitates blood glucose uptake by the muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver? a. insulin b. glucagon c. thyroid hormone d. sugar alcohols e. lactose Hide
a. insulin
What is a disaccharide comprising glucose and galactose? a. lactose b. maltose c. starch d. fructose e. sucrose
a. lactose
Galactose and fructose are monosaccharides that are converted to glucose in the __________. a. liver b. pancreas c. small intestine d. mouth e. stomach
a. liver
Based on the USDA Eating Patterns, which of the following would be recommended as primary sources of fats in the diet? a. olive oil, peanut oil, and oils that occur naturally in fatty fish b. fat that occurs naturally in the skin of poultry, fat streaks in beef, and cream cheese c. omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplements d. lard, margarine, and pudding made from whole milk e. fat that occurs naturally in milk, butter, and sour cream
a. olive oil, peanut oil, and oils that occur naturally in fatty fish
Where does most of the body's nutrient absorption take place? a. small intestine b. large intestine (colon) c. stomach d. mouth e. rectum
a. small intestine
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) sets healthy range intakes for all of the following macronutrients EXCEPT which one? a. sugar b. carbohydrate c. fat d. protein
a. sugar
Which of the following is recommended for curing a hangover? a. waiting for time to pass b. drinking coffee c. exercising d. drinking more alcohol e. breathing pure oxygen
a. waiting for time to pass
Which food item will provide the most calories? a. 2 gram of sugar (carbohydrate) b. 1 gram of butter (lipid) c. 3 gram of salt (mineral) d. 1 gram of sugar (carbohydrate) e. 5 gram of salt (mineral)
b. 1 gram of butter (lipid)
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) Committee recommends a diet that contains what percentage of its calories from fat? a. 60 percent b. 20-35 percent c. 45-55 percent d. 40 percent e. 10-20 percent
b. 20-35 percent
According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), what percentage of total calories should come from carbohydrate? a. 20-35 percent b. 45-65 percent c. It depends on the type of carbohydrate—refined or whole grain. d. 50-75 percent e. 10-35 percent
b. 45-65 percent
What set of values establishes nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups that researchers and policy makers use in their work? a. Tolerable Upper Intake Limits b. Estimated Average Requirements c. Adequate Intakes d. Age and Gender Requirements
b. Estimated Average Requirements
Which of the following is a Healthy People 2020 objective? a. Decrease the proportion of schools that require daily physical education for all students. b. Increase the number of schools offering breakfast. c. Increase vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, solid fats and added sugars. d. Eliminate very high food security among children in U.S. households. e. Decrease the proportion of children, adolescents, and adults who are at a healthy weight.
b. Increase the number of schools offering breakfast.
Once a weakness is identified, what is the next step in behavior change? a. Set overall outcomes. b. Set small, achievable goals. c. Track progress. d. Collect information about health effects of current behavior. e. Move on to other goals.
b. Set small, achievable goals.
Your friend Cindy complains to you that she has been constipated lately. Which suggestion would be LEAST beneficial for her long-term health? a. Eat foods that provide adequate fiber. b. Take a laxative. c. Drink plenty of fluids. d. Take time to defecate even when you are busy. e. Exercise regularly.
b. Take a laxative.
Emulsification is important to be able to digest and absorb fats within the body. Humans have the ability to emulsify fats because we produce _________ that is stored in the gallbladder. a. amylases b. bile c. eicosanoids d. proteases e. lipases
b. bile
Sarah has started reading books on weight loss and fitness and has decided she needs to improve her fruit consumption and physical activity. Sarah is in which stage of change? a. action b. contemplation c. maintenance d. precontemplation e. preparation
b. contemplation
The term Daily Values appears on __________. a. public health reports b. food labels c. imported but not U.S.-origin foods d. fresh vegetables e. fresh meats
b. food labels
Eating more of which food is a sure way to consume more phytochemicals? a. milk b. fruit c. cheese d. bread e. lean fish
b. fruit
Which of the following choices correctly ranks fluids in order from the most acidic (lowest pH) to the least acidic (highest pH)? a. ammonia > saliva > healthy blood > stomach acid b. gastric juice > coffee > saliva > pancreatic juice c. gastric juice > pancreatic juice > ammonia > healthy blood d. gastric juice > urine > coffee > vinegar e. pancreatic juice > battery acid > gastric juice > urine
b. gastric juice > coffee > saliva > pancreatic juice
After a calorically dense meal when the stomach is too full, the acidic juices can travel back up the esophagus and cause __________. a. choking b. heartburn c. ulcers d. hiccups e. diarrhea
b. heartburn
Tina is a 22-year-old who drinks at least 20 oz of regular soda per day with minimal exercise. She has been obese all of her life and is likely to have __________, which puts her at a higher risk for developing heart disease. a. type 1 diabetes b. high blood pressure c. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease d. pancreatic dysfunction e. insulin resistance
b. high blood pressure
All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the ________. a. colon b. liver c. kidneys d. lymph e. heart
b. liver
Bicarbonate is responsible for ________. a. digesting lipids in the small intestine b. neutralizing the stomach acid that has reached the small intestine c. acidifying the contents of the stomach to break protein-protein bonds d. emulsifying lipids in the colon e. assisting in the absorption of vitamins
b. neutralizing the stomach acid that has reached the small intestine
Evidence suggests that foods rich in fiber can improve heart health. Which food item is the best choice to lower your blood cholesterol level and reduce cardiovascular disease risk? a. brown rice b. oatmeal c. white rice d. purified fiber e. wheat bran
b. oatmeal
Which organ releases insulin when it detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose? a. gallbladder b. pancreas c. kidneys d. hypothalamus e. liver
b. pancreas
Lecithin is a strong emulsifier and an example of a __________. a. triglyceride b. phospholipid c. cholesterol d. fatty acid e. sterol
b. phospholipid
What are the subgroups within the protein foods group in the USDA Eating Patterns? a. seafood and poultry; red meat and dairy; and legumes and nuts b. seafood; meats, poultry, and eggs; and nuts, seeds, and soy products c. seafood and meats; poultry, eggs, nuts and oils d. seafood and meats; dairy and soy products; and legumes and whole grains
b. seafood; meats, poultry, and eggs; and nuts, seeds, and soy products
In terms of an individual's diet, how many stages of behavior change are typically described by psychologists? a. two b. six c. ten d. nine e. four
b. six
Food labels must state the contents of which nutrients expressed as a percentage of the Daily Values? a. vitamin K b. sodium c. vitamin B6 d. total calories e. soluble fiber
b. sodium
Which of the following causes of death is directly related to nutrition? a. suicide b. stroke c. Alzheimer's disease d. sickle-cell anemia e. pneumonia and influenza
b. stroke
Which factor is the primary driver of food choices by U.S. consumers? a. availability b. taste c. advertising d. social pressure e. weight
b. taste
A major guideline for healthy people is to keep fat intake within what range of total calories? a. 15-25 percent b. 10-20 percent c. 20-35 percent d. 25-40 percent e. 20-40 percent
c. 20-35 percent
Which statement about phytochemicals is FALSE? a. Phytochemical labels may make unsubstantiated claims about contributing to the body's functioning. b. Evidence for safety of isolated phytochemicals in human beings is lacking. c. A regulatory body oversees the safety of phytochemicals sold to consumers. d. Phytochemicals can alter body functions. e. Research supporting health claims regarding phytochemicals is lacking.
c. A regulatory body oversees the safety of phytochemicals sold to consumers.
hich of the following statements is FALSE about hormones and nutrition? a. Hormones carry messages to regulate the digestive system in response to meals or fasting. b. Hormones can regulate blood glucose levels. c. Hormones can inform the digestive system about the degree of body fatness. d. Hormones help regulate the body's reaction to stress. e. Hormones help regulate hunger and appetite.
c. Hormones can inform the digestive system about the degree of body fatness.
What is the first step of the scientific method? a. Design a study and conduct the research to collect relevant data. b. Summarize, analyze, and interpret the data; draw conclusions. c. Identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered. d. Develop a theory that integrates conclusions with those from numerous other studies. e. Formulate a hypothesis and make a prediction that can be tested.
c. Identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered.
Check My Work Which outcome will NOT be a result of the stress response? a. Glucose is readily available. b. Breathing quickens. c. Pupils narrow. d. Muscles tense. e. Blood pressure rises.
c. Pupils narrow.
Your friend Annette complains of chronic heartburn. Which suggestion might be helpful to her? a. Drink liquids during meals. b. Completely avoid coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, and alcohol. c. Wear reasonably loose clothing and relax after eating. d. Lie down after eating. e. Eat two large meals a day rather than several small meals.
c. Wear reasonably loose clothing and relax after eating.
What does the human brain prefer to metabolize as its energy source? a. proteins b. alcohols c. carbohydrates d. minerals e. fats
c. carbohydrates
The smallest units in which independent life can exist are ___________. a. mitochondria b. organs c. cells d. tissues e. gene
c. cells
Which term reflects the degree to which a particular food raises blood glucose levels? a. added sugars b. starch count c. glycemic index d. glucose reference e. energy amount
c. glycemic index
Body tissues store excess energy in two forms. Which of the following is one of these forms of excess energy storage? a. fiber b. muscle c. glycogen d. urine e. liver
c. glycogen
Liquid formulas that have been introduced as "meal replacers" have been shown to ________. a. have a similar action as a diet containing only whole foods b. be useful as supplements for adults whose diets are adequate but not varied c. have a limited use that is lifesaving for hospitalized patients who cannot eat ordinary foods d. be better than a diet of real foods for many people because of their food choices e. help support growth and health without medical complications in severely ill patients
c. have a limited use that is lifesaving for hospitalized patients who cannot eat ordinary foods
Which organ gets rid of waste by producing urine in the nephrons? a. liver b. pancreas c. kidney d. small intestine e. gallbladder
c. kidney
What organs are responsible for excreting wastes generated by the cells of the body? a. kidneys, bladder, and colon b. kidneys, liver, lungs, and stomach c. kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder d. liver, bladder, stomach, and colon e. mouth, liver, and lungs
c. kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder
You are planning a meal that includes a hamburger on a bun, coleslaw, and French fries. Which meal alternative is the most nutrient dense? a. baked salmon, baked beans, a roll, and vanilla ice cream with berries b. spare ribs, collard greens, cornbread, and fresh fruit salad c. lean pork tenderloin, spinach salad, brown rice, and strawberries d. cheeseburger on a bun, mixed nuts, and low-fat pudding e. fried chicken, baked potato, a roll, and canned pears
c. lean pork tenderloin, spinach salad, brown rice, and strawberries
Which option is NOT required by law to be listed on a food label? a. ingredients of the product b. common name of the product c. milligrams of phytochemicals per serving d. name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor
c. milligrams of phytochemicals per serving
For vegetables and protein foods, intakes should be divided among all the subgroups ________. a. at snack time only b. every day c. over a month's time d. at every meal e. over a week's time
c. over a month's time
Insulin is secreted when there is too much glucose in the blood. Which organ detects blood glucose levels? a. liver b. large intestine c. pancreas d. stomach e. small intestine
c. pancreas
You want to look up the appropriate Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values for a client. Which characteristic is NOT needed to determine this value? a. whether the client is healthy b. the client's age c. the client's level of physical activity d. the client's gender e. whether the client is pregnant or lactating
c. the client's level of physical activity
Which option does NOT equal 1 cup from the fruits group? a. 1 cup canned fruit b. 1 cup sliced avocado c. ¼ cup dried fruit d. ½ cup dried fruit e. 1 cup banana slices
c. ¼ cup dried fruit
The Nutrition Education and Labeling Act of 1990 set the requirements for nutrition labeling information. According to law, every packaged food must state the following: The_____________name of the product The name and address of the _____________ The _________contents in terms of weight, measure, or count The ingredients, in ___________ order of predominance by weight
common, manufacturer, net, descending
For a food to be labeled "low-fat," it must contain ________. a. less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving b. 25 percent or less calories from fat c. less than 95 milligrams of cholesterol per serving d. 3 grams or less fat per serving e. 25 percent less fat than the usual product
d. 3 grams or less fat per serving
Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about ________ percent of the energy nutrients in a meal. a. 75 b. 65 c. 50 d. 90
d. 90
What are a set of five lists of values for dietary nutrient intakes of healthy people in the United States and Canada? a. Recommended Nutrient Intakes b. Adequate Intakes c. Daily Values d. Dietary Reference Intakes e. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
d. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
To make sure you are choosing a whole-grain product, what should you do? a. Look for products brown in color. b. Look for the words "stone ground" on the label. c. Buy the most expensive product. d. Look for whole grains listed as the first ingredient. e. Look for a high-fiber food claim.
d. Look for whole grains listed as the first ingredient.
What is an essential nutrient? a. a nutrient that contains energy and vitamins b. a nutrient that is required for survival c. a nutrient that is required for survival and is made by the body d. a nutrient that must be consumed in the diet e. a nutrient that is made by the body
d. a nutrient that must be consumed in the diet
The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into which two storage forms? a. protein and fat b. starch and glucose c. starch and fat d. glycogen and fat e. glycogen and bone
d. glycogen and fat
The MyPlate educational tool has been designed to ________. a. be used by professionals with nutrition training b. help individuals who need to make major changes in their diet for chronic disease control c. substitute for the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in diet planning d. help a diet-planning individual create a diet that more closely follows the USDA Eating Patterns e. create an alternative diet plan for individuals not wanting to use the USDA Eating Patterns
d. help a diet-planning individual create a diet that more closely follows the USDA Eating Patterns
All of the following are recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans EXCEPT which one? a. focus on a variety of foods b. support healthy eating patterns c. limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats d. increase sodium intake
d. increase sodium intake
What type of research is performed under tightly controlled conditions and designed to pinpoint causes and effects? a. case studies b. clinical studies c. intervention studies d. laboratory studies e. epidemiological studies
d. laboratory studies
What is the primary function of the pyloric valve? a. opens to allow elimination of waste from the colon b. regulates the release of gas from the colon c. opens to allow oxygenated blood to flow through the heart d. to control the flow of chyme into the small intestine e. to regulate the movement of food into the stomach
d. to control the flow of chyme into the small intestine
The subgroups within the vegetable group in the USDA Eating Patterns are _______green vegetables (spinach), red and _______vegetables (peppers), legumes,_______ vegetables, and others .
dark, orange, starchy
The __________system's first major task is to break down food to its components. Then, it must___________ the nutrients and some non-nutrients, leaving behind the substances that are appropriate to excrete. To do this, the system works at two levels, one mechanical and the other_______________
digestive, absorb, chemical
Which option equals 1 ounce of the grains group? a. ½ cup oat cereal b. 2 slices of whole-wheat bread c. 1 cup cooked pasta d. 1 slice of bread e. 1 cup uncooked rice
e. 1 slices of bread
Tina eats approximately 2,450 cal per day and her carbohydrate intake is 35 percent of her diet. How many grams of carbohydrates does Tina eat per day? a. 304 g b. 439 g c. 175 g d. 580 g e. 214 g
e. 214
What should be consumed at intervals throughout the day because it can be depleted from its storage? a. Fats b. Vitamin C c. Sodium d. Proteins e. Carbohydrates
e. Carbohydrates
Which person would NOT be covered by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values? a. Kelly, a 30-year-old woman who is an avid athlete b. Karen, a 36-year-old pregnant woman c. Tim, a 20-year-old vegetarian d. Ann, a 5-year-old who refuses to eat vegetables e. Joe, a 50-year-old who has inflammatory bowel disease
e. Joe, a 50-year-old who has inflammatory bowel disease
Consumption of trans fats results in elevated levels of __________, which increases cardiovascular disease risk. a. carbohydrates b. protein c. mono-unsaturated fats d. HDL cholesterol e. LDL cholesterol
e. LDL cholesterol
According to the Dietary Guidelines, a healthy eating pattern includes all of the following foods EXCEPT ________. a. fat-free or low-fat dairy b. whole fruit c. whole grains d. oils e. a minimum of 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day
e. a minimum of 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day
Genes direct the making of each cell's protein machinery, including __________ that perform cellular work by speeding up chemical reactions. a. hormones b. antigens c. neurotransmitters d. antibodies e. enzymes
e. enzymes
What type of research uses the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)? a. laboratory studies b. intervention studies c. case studies d. clinical studies e. epidemiological studies
e. epidemiological studies
Which meal represents the least nutrient-dense Mexican food items? a. fried tortilla shell, refried beans, cheddar cheese, fried plantains b. corn tortilla, black beans, avocado, lean pork c. corn tortilla, pinto beans, tomatoes, guava d. lean chicken breast, squash, tomatoes, corn, mango e. flour tortilla, black beans, iceberg lettuce, pineapple
e. flour tortilla, black beans, iceberg lettuce, pineapple
Proteins do the work of living cells. What must we inherit from our parents to synthesize the proteins we need? a. tissue b. blood type c. cell types d. hormones e. genetic information
e. genetic information
Intestinal bacteria may affect health and body functions. What is a collection of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses, also known as microbes, within the digestive tract? a. intestinal flora b. digestive waste c. intestinal health d. microbiome e. microbiota
e. microbiota
What characteristic or class best describes a carbohydrate? a. essential, organic b. organic, nutrient-yielding, nonessential c. inorganic, nutrient-yielding d. inorganic, essential e. organic, nutrient-yielding
e. organic, nutrient-yielding
Fats usually travel through the bloodstream mixed with what? a. glucose particles b. glycerol particles c. insulin particles d. glycogen particles e. protein particles
e. protein particles
Four useful functions of fats in foods are to provide a concentrated ___________source, provide_________ essential vitamins, enhance food's aroma and_________ , and contribute to________
energy, fat-soluble, flavor, satiety
Nutrient deficiencies are an inevitable consequence of alcohol abuse because alcohol displaces__________ and interferes directly with the body's use of__________ by disrupting nutrient in every tissue. Alcohol may also burden the body with unwanted body __________, due to the increase in caloric consumption which often results in increased ______________ weight, a beer belly. Excess alcohol causes dehydration, resulting in a ______________ the next day.
food, nutrients, metabolism, fat, abdominal, hangover
The Food Patterns suggest that at least_________of the grains in a day's meals be whole grains. Varying food choices among and within foods groups helps to ensure adequate nutrients and also protects against large amounts________ of or contaminants from any one source.
half, toxins
Most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the____________ and then directed to the liver, which rids the blood of toxins. This nutrient-rich blood goes to the heart, through the lungs, and then back through the____________ out to the body cells. ___________carry blood away from the heart to the cells,___________ and carry blood back to the heart.
intestine, heart, arteries, veins
The Atkins Diet was initially a no-carb diet. If an individual has little to no carbohydrates in their diet the body shifts to using fat metabolism for energy. An increase_______ in can accumulate in the blood and cause_______ due to this shift in metabolism. The DRI recommends a minimum of________ carbohydrates per day to feed the brain.
ketone bodies, ketosis, 130g
Starch that you eat is first broken down in the ________and then the____________ , where absorption occurs, and these monosaccharides can then be converted into glucose in the _____________before going out to the cells of the body
mouth, small intestine, liver
Carbohydrates are the first link in the food chain and are obtained almost exclusively from________. Through________ , plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form________ , from which the human body can obtain energy. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and _______.
plants, photosynthesis, glucose, oxygen
A general term for a complex carbohydrate or a long strand of glucose units linked together is_______. Plants store glucose as_________ , whereas humans store glucose as_________ . The most abundant source of glucose on earth,________ , cannot be digested by humans.
polysaccharide, starch, glycogen, cellulose
Churning, mixing, and grinding of food into a liquid mass is completed in the ______________ . The____________ releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid. The_____________ is lined with cells that absorb nutrients into the blood and lymph. Bile is produced in__________ the to help emulsify fats for better absorption of lipids. Waste (any unabsorbed nutrients, fiber, bacteria) and some water absorption occurs in the__________ .
stomach, pancreas, small intestine, liver, large intestine
Fatty acids are the major constituent of________ , the primary form of fat. Fatty acids differ from one another in________ length and degree of __________. Highly unsaturated fats are soft in texture and melt more readily at______ temperatures.
triglycerides, chain, saturation, low
