Nutrition Midterm Chapters 1-6

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials ______ after his/her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information. A: RD B: MD C: MS D: DN

A

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are referred to as: A: Macronutrients B: Micronutrients C: Calories D: Phytochemicals

A

Homocysteine is a: a. possible marker for cardiovascular disease. b. form of folate. c. lipid that lowers blood pressure. d. essential amino acid.

A

In the article "Top 10 Things You Need to Know About the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans", one of the key concepts for optimal health includes: A: A healthy eating pattern includes: A variety of vegetables: dark green, red and orange, legumes (beans and peas), starchy and other vegetables. B: To drink 100% fruit juice over whole fruit. C: Consuming enough calories to prevent undernutrition.. D: Reducing sodium and potassium.

A

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ______ study. A: epidemiological B: technological C: in-vitro D: pathological

A

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for vitamin. A: RDA B: UL C: EAR D: %DV

A

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? A: Controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine. B: Secretes acid into the stomach. C: Secretes hormones into the stomach.

A

When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the: a. pancreas b. stomach c. liver d. gallbladder

A

When the body uses fat for fuel without the help of carbohydrate, this results in the production of _____. a. ketone bodies b. starch c. glucose d. galactose

A

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate? A: Oils B: Dairy C: Protein Foods D: Grains

A

Which of the following statements is false? A: According to scientific research, most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits. B: The RDN credential is legally protected. C: A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing quackery.

A

About 95 percent of lipids in foods and in the human body are: a. cholesterol. b. triglycerides c. sterols. d. phospholipids.

B

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except: a. it can be made by the body, primarily in the liver. b. it is an essential nutrient c. it is part of every cell. d. it is important in the synthesize Vitamin D, and hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

B

In Nutrition, the word essential means: A: Compounds the body can make for itself. B: Nutrient hat must be supplied by food. C: Necessary for good health and proper functioning of the body. D: That the body can manufacture the nutrient from raw materials.

B

Peristalsis is signaled whenever one swallows. This wave like muscular activity propels material through: A: Small intestine B: All answers are correct C: Stomach D: Esophagus

B

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of _____________ . A: An anecdotal report B: The placebo effect C: Human subject bias D: Participant fatigue

B

The Daily amount of energy remaining after a person consumes recommended amounts of food that contain little or no solid fats and added sugars from the major food groups is referred to as: A: Assess adequacy of nutrients. B: Empty calorie allowance C: Plan and evaluate diets for healthy people D: Assess adequacy of all required nutrients

B

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the A; Precise amount proven to cure the nutrient's deficiency disorder in humans. B: Highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily. C: Amount that meets the nutrient needs of 98% of the population. D: Minimum amount of the nutrient that can be tolerated on an empty stomach when consumed as a dietary supplement

B

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications. A: EPA B: FDA C: FTC D: NRC

B

The best way to increase consumption of omega 3 fatty acids is to: a. take fish oil in supplements. b. consume two fish meals per week c. limit intake of polyunsaturated fats. d. increase intake of seed oils.

B

The food that is digested when it leaves the stomach it is a semisolid liquid called: A: bile B: chyme C: mucus D: bolus

B

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the: A: Mouth B: Small intestine C: Stomach D: Large intestine E: Liver

B

What is a personal characteristic that increases a person's chance of developing a disease? A: Carotenoids B: Risk Factor C: Fat D: Lifestyle

B

What is an antioxidant? A: Nutrients preparations, certain hormones and herbal products. B: Substance that protects other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors. C: Vitamins D: Compounds made by plants that are not nutrients. E: The smallest living functional unit in the body.

B

What is an example of Organosulfides? A: None of these are examples. B: Garlic, onions, leeks, cruciferous vegetables. C: Coffee, tea, kola nuts, coco. D: Organe, red, yellow fruits and vegetables. E: Flaxseed, berries, whole grains, bran and nuts.

B

Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on the label? A: Ice Cream B: None of these C: Mayonnaise D: Pickles

B

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body? a. protects the body from temperature extremes b. carries the water soluble nutrients c. provides the major material from which cell membranes are made d. cushions the internal organs from physical shock

B

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? a. Frequent urination b. Waist circumference of 43 inches c. Body temperature that is over 101F d. Unexpected weight loss

B

Which of the following statements is true? A: People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO. B: Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe. C: According to the legal definition developed by the FDA, a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism. D: Physicians and dietitians do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients.

B

According to MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is NOT grouped with Protein? A: nuts and seeds B: beans C: cheese D: eggs

C

Alcohol is metabolized in the: a. small intestine b. blood c. liver d. stomach

C

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His reports about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) A: Variable B: Factoid C: Anecdote D: Case report

C

Soluble fiber is important for (except): a. can reduce the risk of diabetes b. can lower blood cholesterol c. can reduce the risk for cancer

C

The Government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ______. A: Environmental Protection Agency B: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C: Federal Trade Commission D: Agricultural Research Service

C

The _________ organ churns, mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass. A: Small intestine B: Pancreas C: Stomach D: Gallbladder E: Mouth

C

What is a phytochemical? A: It is a nutrient B: Nutrient that must be supplied by food. C: Compounds made by plants that are not nutrients.

C

Which of the following in not a desirable blood lipid value? a. high HDL b. low total cholesterol c. high LDL d. low blood triglycerides

C

Which of the following is not an example of fiber? a. skins of corn kernels b. membranes surrounding kernels of wheat c. residue of milk d. strings of celery

C

Which of the following is not one of the ways fats are useful in foods? a. Fats contribute to the taste and smell of foods. b. Fats carry fat-soluble vitamins c. Fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates. d. Fats provide essential fatty acids.

C

Which of the following statements about fruits and vegetables is false? A: Most fruits and vegetables are naturally low in fat. B: Vegetables are often good sources of fiber. C: Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit. D: Fruits and vegetables are sources of phytochemical.

C

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids are true? a. Their amounts are never listed on food labels. b. They are made by the body. c. They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated. d. They occur naturally in foods to a large extent.

C

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research? A: Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal. B: Collecting data and analyzing results. C: Making observations and formulating a hypothesis. D: Posting findings at the main researcher's internet web site.

D

Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: a. blood glucose levels that rise too high. b. insulin resistance of the body's cells. c. a pancreas that makes too little or not enough insulin to meet their needs. d. blood insulin levels that rise too high.

D

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) causes abdominal pain and discomfort is associated with: A: Certain foods may bring on. B: Emotional stress. C: Some beverages may trigger. D: All of the answers.

D

The dietary monosaccharides include a. glycogen, starch and fiber b. sucrose, glucose, and lactose. c. glactose, maltose, and glucose d. fructose, glucose, and galctose

D

The nutrients fall into ______ classes. A: Eight B: Two C: Four D: Six

D

What is Nutrition? A: Regulation of body processes and functional components of various substances and tissues. B: Is the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells, including chemical reactions involved in generating energy, making proteins, and eliminating waste products. C: Minerals D: The scientific study of nutrients, chemicals necessary for proper body functioning and how the body uses theses substances. E: The study of the composition and characteristics of matter, and changes that can occur to it.

D

What is the major role of the villi? A: To secrete Hal B: To neutralize the acidic contents of the small intestine C: To secrete bile D: To increase the absorptive surface area of the intestine.

D

What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine? A: Blood vessels B: Cilia C: Capillaries D: Villi

D

Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes? a. taking oral hypoglycemic agents b. restricting protein intake c. watching caffeine intake d. weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle

D

Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles? A: Ladies Home Journal B: National Geographic Magazine C: Men's Journal D: Journal of the American Medical Association

D

Which of the following statements is true? A: A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. B: Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. C: Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex. D: The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of total energy intake.

D

The ___________ manufacturer's enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients. A: Stomach B: Liver C: Gallbladder D: Small intestine E: Pancreas

E

Very little digestion takes place here, but there is re-absorption of water and minerals in the: A: Pancreas B: Gallbladder C: Stomach D: Small intestine E: Large intestine

E

T/F: Consuming large amounts of trans-fatty acid lowers LDL cholesterol and thus lowers the risk of heart disease and heart attack.

False

T/F: If a food/ beverage is described as having more vitamins and minerals in relation to it's unhealthy fat, added sugar and/or alcohol contents it is considered to be a energy dense food.

False

T/F: People who choose not to eat animals/their products need to find an alternative to the Food Guide when planning their diets.

False

T/F: Type 1 Diabetes is most often controlled by successful weight-loss management.

False

T/F: Vitamins and minerals are also known as Macronutrients.

False

T/F: Foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol.

True