Nutrition Module 7

physical activity

What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the energy needs of two healthy men of similar age and size? a. brown adipose tissue metabolism b. basal metabolism c. physical activity d. type of diet consumed

Type 2 diabetes

A significant health risk from obesity is a. ulcers b. diverticulosis c. Type 2 diabetes d. emphysema

5% to 10%

What percentage of a day's total energy need is used for digesting, absorbing, transporting, and storing nutrients? a. 1% to 3% b. 5% to 10% c. 25% to 40% d. 70% to 80%

4

What would be the approximate weight gain, in pounds, of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month? a. 4 b. 6 c. 3 d. 2

24%

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for MEN warrants an obesity diagnosis. a. 8% b. 20% c. 24% d. 30%

35%

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis. a. 25% b. 20% c. 35% d. 30%

fat, water, and muscle tissue

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from a. fat, water, and glycogen. b. water, muscle tissue, and protein stores. c. water, glycogen, and muscle tissue. d. fat, water, and muscle tissue.

true

Rapid weight loss likely contributes to the loss of considerable muscle tissue. a. True b. False

1

A daily deficit of 500 kcalories should result in a weight loss of about how many pounds per week? a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

dieters become bored and are not satisfied

A major problem with a very low-fat diet is a. essential fatty acid deficiency b. dieters become bored and are not satisfied c. too little dietary fiber d. too much linoleic acid

reduce daily calorie intake and increase energy expenditure

A reliable approach for weight loss is to a. reduce daily calorie intake and increase energy expenditure b. avoid foods containing carbohydrates c. greatly increase protein intake to prevent body protein loss d. cut down on water intake

the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week.

A weight loss program should have all of the following characteristics except a. use MyPyramid as a pattern for food choices. b. the plan should adapt to habits and tastes. c. the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week. d. the plan should be socially acceptable, allowing attendance at parties and restaurants.

is in negative energy balance

A woman who consumes 1800 nutrient-dense kcals per day and expends 2300 kcals per day with the help of moderate physical activity a. is in positive energy balance b. is in negative energy balance c. is in negative protein balance d. is likely to gain weight

fidgeting accounts for 40 percent of total energy expenditure.

All of the following are true about contributors to energy expenditure except a. the thermic effect of food represents about 5 percent to 10 percent of total expenditure. b. physical activity accounts for 25 percent to 40 percent of total expenditure. c. basal metabolism accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of total expenditure. d. fidgeting accounts for 40 percent of total energy expenditure.

energy content of food.

All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except a. basal metabolic rate. b. thermic effect of food. c. energy content of food. d. adaptive thermogenesis.

they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.

All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except a. they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass. b. they help people make permanent changes in eating habits. c. they often recommend expensive supplements. d. they use testimonials from famous people.

stimulus control

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called a. chain-breaking. b. stimulus control. c. contingency management. d. cognitive restructuring.

replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives

An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is a. planning what to eat for breakfast. b. decreeing candy bars off limits. c. replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives. d. keeping a food intake diary to identify triggers for eating.

cancer

Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except a. heart disease. b. diabetes mellitus. c. hypertension. d. cancer.

increase physical activity

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to a. restrict more food choices. b. reduce food intake to 1,000 kcalories. c. go off the weight control program and take a break. d. increase physical activity.

when resting, but awake, and in a fasting state.

Basal metabolism is the energy expended a. when sleeping. b. when doing moderate activity. c. when resting, but awake, and in a fasting state. d. to make food available to the body.

125 to 250

Bill consumes 2,500 kcalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kcalories, from the thermic effect of food? a. 125 to 250 b. 250 to 375 c. 300 to 550 d. 425 to 600

1,500 to 1,750

Bill expends 2,500 kcalories per day. What amount of kcalories will be from basal metabolism? a. 250 to 375 b. 500 to 1,050 c. 1,200 to 1,500 d. 1,500 to 1,750

the obesity index.

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields a. the obesity index. b. the body mass index. c. relative weight. d. percent body fat.

Her walking routine

Carol eats 800 kcalories a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss? a. Her 800-kcalorie diet b. Her age c. Her loss of lean body mass d. Her walking routine

stimulus control

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called a. stimulus control. b. self-monitoring. c. chain-breaking. d. cognitive restructuring.

gastric bypass.

Currently, the most common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is a. intestinal bypass. b. gastric bypass. c. gastric balloons. d. gastrectomy.

true

Daily food choices rich in dietary fiber contribute to weight control. a. True b. False

False

Eating a low-fat diet for weight control is impractical. a. True b. False

27

For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be a. 18. b. 23. c. 27. d. 32.

true

Health problems related to obesity begin when a person's body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m2. a. True b. False

She slightly exceeds the value for which health risks begin.

How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms? a. The value does not exceed the value for which health risks begin. b. Her health risks due to obesity would be high. c. This indicates significant android obesity and high health risk. d. She slightly exceeds the value for which health risks begin.

When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation? a. Her frequent weight loss attempts have most likely led to greater amounts of lean body mass. b. Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight. c. When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat. d. Her problem results from poor habits, with studies showing genetics as an insignificant contributor.

1,900 to 2,000

Martha is maintaining her current weight by eating 2,500 kcalories per day. To lose 1 pound of fat per week, she would have to decrease her intake to how many kcalories per day? a. 2,200 to 2,300 b. 1,900 to 2,000 c. 1,500 to 1,600 d. 1,000 to 1,200

1,600 to 1,700

Mary Sue wishes to lose 5 pounds before her vacation in approximately 5 weeks. Her average consumption is 2,100 kcalories. How many kcalories should she consume daily to lose this weight, assuming her activity pattern remains unchanged? a. 1,800 to 1,900 b. 1,600 to 1,700 c. 1,400 to 1,500 d. 1,100 to 1,200

digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine.

Orlistat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat a. storage by inhibiting lipase activity in fat cells. b. digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine. c. absorption by decreasing bile secretion. d. circulation by inhibiting lipoprotein production.

includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.

Physical activity a. contributes about 70 percent of total energy expenditure. b. is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal, regular exercise program. c. includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting. d. contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.

eat high-fat foods such as cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef.

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to a. eat high-fat foods such as cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef. b. stop exercising. c. eat kcalorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds. d. eat high kcalorie foods at the beginning of a meal.

true

The energy required to keep the resting body alive represents basal metabolism a. True b. False

true

The energy required to keep the resting body alive represents basal metabolism. a. True b. False

5% to 10%

The kcalorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed. a. 1% to 2% b. 5% to 10% c. 15% to 20% d. 20% to 25%

false

The major cause of obesity in North America is low thyroid gland activity. a. True b. False

indirect calorimetry.

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called a. direct calorimetry. b. indirect calorimetry. c. thermocalorimetry. d. bomb calorimetry.

represents the Kcalories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.

The thermic effect of food a. represents the Kcalories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food. b. represents approximately 20 percent of total energy expenditure. c. is included in the measurement of basal metabolism. d. refers to energy expended to produce heat in response to a cold environment.

the energy you require during sleep at night.

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except a. the ability to regulate body temperature within narrow limits. b. shivering when cold and fidgeting are examples of thermogenesis. c. brown adipose tissue contributes to thermogenesis especially in hibernating animals. d. the energy you require during sleep at night.

a weight to which the body closely regulates.

Tthe body's set point has been suggested to be a. a weight to which the body closely regulates. b. one's desirable body weight. c. one's minimum body weight. d. the weight that is reached and maintained during mid life.

Weight Watchers and Nutri-System.

Two self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control efforts include a. Jenny Craig and Slim Fast. b. Nutri-System and Jenny Craig. c. Weight Watchers and Take Off Pounds Sensibly. d. Weight Watchers and Nutri-System.

Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating

Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight control? a. Severely restricting intake after overeating b. Avoiding planned eating so you can be ready to handle spontaneous changes in the situation c. Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating d. Weighing at the same time each day

5 pound weight loss per week

Which of the following is not a major goal for weight control programs? a. 5 pound weight loss per week b. Loss of stored fat c. Sparing lean body mass d. Reaching a healthy weight

Body mass index

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat? a. Body mass index b. Bioelectrical impedance c. Skinfolds d. Underwater weighing

A low kcalorie intake

Which of the following is not associated with an increase in basal metabolism? a. An increase in body temperature b. A low kcalorie intake c. An increase in lean body mass d. Caffeine use

it uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet? a. It promotes quick solutions. b. It uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons. c. It limits food selections. d. It recommends expensive supplements.

A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.

Which of the following is not true about android obesity? a. It is upper body obesity. b. High testosterone levels encourage it. c. A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it. d. It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

It represents about 60 percent to 70 percent of total kcalories used by a sedentary person during a day.

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism? a. It represents about 30 percent of total energy expenditure. b. It is energy expenditure to maintain heartbeat, respiration, other basic functions, and daily activities. c. It represents about 60 percent to 70 percent of total kcalories used by a sedentary person during a day. d. It includes the energy used to digest food.

It is a concentrated source of kcalories.

Which of the following is true about fat? a. It has a high thermic effect. b. It is less kcalorie-dense than carbohydrates or proteins. c. It is a concentrated source of kcalories. d. It is better to eliminate carbohydrates rather than fat when cutting kcalories.

Sixty-five percent of adults are overweight and, of these, 45% of adults are obese

Which of the following is true about obesity in North America? a. Sixty-five percent of adults are overweight and, of these, 45% of adults are obese b. Obesity is on the decline c. Ninety percent of adults consume only as many calories as they need d. Seventy-five percent of North Americans have more lean body mass than adipose tissue

Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction? a. Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects. b. Amphetamines are not addictive. c. Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger. d. Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.

to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.

Xenical is a weight loss drug that works in the digestive system a. to substitute xylose for glucose. b. to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat. c. to produce a full feeling that decreases hunger. d. as an artificial fat.

true

You can lose 1 pound of stored fat each week by expending 200 kcals per day beyond your normal energy output a. True b. False

2400

the MyPyramid calorie guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is a. 1600. b. 2000. c. 2400. d. 2800.