Nutrition notes
give consumers advice regarding general components of the diet..
The Dietary Guidlines for American
• Energy in foods and the body is measured in
kilocalories
• Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the
small intestine
--- is the most important nutrient in the body
water
carb and protein what do you multiply
x4
alcohol, multiply
x7
• Carbohydrate and protein have a potential energy value of
4 kilocal/gram
fat provides -- kilocalories per gram
9
At the base of the stomach is the ____ that controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
___pyloric sphincter___
is the movement of molecules across the lining of the GI tract and into circulation.
absorption
• Problems that occur along the GI tract can affect digestion and
absorption of nutrients
sources of energy
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
the six classes of nutrients found in food.
carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, lipids, water
In the stomach, food becomes a very acidic, watery mixture containing enzymes that leaves the stomach a teaspoon at a time into the small intestine and is called
chyme
• The Dietary Reference Intakes are the current
dietary standards for the US and Canada, they include Dietary Reference Intake values for EAR EER UI AR RDA and AMDR
Salivary amylase begins the
digestion of starch
• Vitamins regulate body processes such as
energy metabolism, blood clotting, calcium balance
• Nutrients have three general functions to the body:
energy sources, structural components, regulators of metabolism
The stomach also produces an important substance called ___ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
intrinsic factor_________
• Electrolytes and water are absorbed from the
large intestine
• The GI tract is a tube that can be divided into regions
mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and rectum
Essential chemicals in food are called
nutrients
The scientific method uses --- ----- to test hypotheses.
observation and inquiry
• The major mechanisms involved in nutrient absorption are
passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport
• Numerous factors affect GI tract functioning, including --- ---- ----.
psychological, chemical and bacterial factors
• Minerals contribute to body structures and to
regulating processes such as fluid balance.
• The pancreas and gallbladder secrete material into the ---- intestine to help with digestion.
small
fat multipy?
x9
• Acid and enzymes secretion from the stomach lower the -- of stomach contents and begin the digestion of ----.
• Acid and enzymes secretion from the stomach lower the pH of stomach contents and begin the digestion of proteins.
• Both the----- and the----- regulate GI tract processes.
• Both the nervous system and the hormonal system regulate GI tract processes.
considered the "gold standard" of nutrition studies.
• Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials