Nutrition notes

give consumers advice regarding general components of the diet..

The Dietary Guidlines for American

• Energy in foods and the body is measured in

kilocalories

• Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the

small intestine

--- is the most important nutrient in the body

water

carb and protein what do you multiply

x4

alcohol, multiply

x7

• Carbohydrate and protein have a potential energy value of

4 kilocal/gram

fat provides -- kilocalories per gram

9

At the base of the stomach is the ____ that controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

___pyloric sphincter___

is the movement of molecules across the lining of the GI tract and into circulation.

absorption

• Problems that occur along the GI tract can affect digestion and

absorption of nutrients

sources of energy

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

the six classes of nutrients found in food.

carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, lipids, water

In the stomach, food becomes a very acidic, watery mixture containing enzymes that leaves the stomach a teaspoon at a time into the small intestine and is called

chyme

• The Dietary Reference Intakes are the current

dietary standards for the US and Canada, they include Dietary Reference Intake values for EAR EER UI AR RDA and AMDR

Salivary amylase begins the

digestion of starch

• Vitamins regulate body processes such as

energy metabolism, blood clotting, calcium balance

• Nutrients have three general functions to the body:

energy sources, structural components, regulators of metabolism

The stomach also produces an important substance called ___ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.

intrinsic factor_________

• Electrolytes and water are absorbed from the

large intestine

• The GI tract is a tube that can be divided into regions

mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and rectum

Essential chemicals in food are called

nutrients

The scientific method uses --- ----- to test hypotheses.

observation and inquiry

• The major mechanisms involved in nutrient absorption are

passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport

• Numerous factors affect GI tract functioning, including --- ---- ----.

psychological, chemical and bacterial factors

• Minerals contribute to body structures and to

regulating processes such as fluid balance.

• The pancreas and gallbladder secrete material into the ---- intestine to help with digestion.

small

fat multipy?

x9

• Acid and enzymes secretion from the stomach lower the -- of stomach contents and begin the digestion of ----.

• Acid and enzymes secretion from the stomach lower the pH of stomach contents and begin the digestion of proteins.

• Both the----- and the----- regulate GI tract processes.

• Both the nervous system and the hormonal system regulate GI tract processes.

considered the "gold standard" of nutrition studies.

• Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials