nutrition test 2 questions

Protein provides ________ kilocalories per gram. a) 4 b) 7 c) 9 d) 11

4

One gram of fat produces ________ kcals. a) 4 b) 7 c) 9 d) 15

9

The primary role of HDL is to pick up cholesterol from the body cells and return it to the _______ to be used to make bile. a) kidney b) heart c) liver d) pancreas

liver

Elevated LDLs in the blood increase risk for ________. a) diabetes b) cardiovascular disease c) weight gain d) high blood pressure

cardiovascular disease

unsaturated fats

double bonds liquid at room temp

The phase of protein synthesis where amino acids are added to the existing polypeptide chain is called ________. a) translation b) elongation c) transcription d) lengthening

elongation

Lecithin

emulsifier

HDLs are increased by ________. a) exercise b) diets rich in saturated fatty acids c) weight gain d) smoking

exercise

What is the minimum DRI for carbohydrate for adults and children? a) 100 grams b) 130 grams c) 150 grams d) 200 grams

130 grams

How many total amino acids are available for protein formation? a) 9 b) 11 c) 20 d) 25

20

The AMDR for total fat in the diet is ________ of total kcals. a) 10-35% b) 20-35% c) 40-65% d) < 20%

20-35%

Stacy is a 17-year-old female and weighs 120 pounds. How much protein should Stacy consume on a daily basis? a) 44 grams b) 55 grams c) 96 grams d) 102 grams

44 grams

Soluble fiber reduces risk for cardiovascular disease by ________. a) binding to cholesterol-containing bile acids and removing them from the body b) inhibiting absorption of dietary cholesterol c) increasing the production of HDL cholesterol d) binding to the saturated fat in the small intestine, inhibiting its absorption

binding to cholesterol-containing bile acids and removing them from the body

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the intestinal cells directly into the ________. a) bloodstream b) liver c) kidneys d) appendix

bloodstream

Which process joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides? a) Hydrolysis b) Condensation c) Photosynthesis d) Digestion

condensation

EPA and DHA

omega-3 fatty acids made from fish

Cellulose is an insoluble fiber that has been found to reduce the risk of all of the following diseases except ________. a) constipation and diverticulosis b) certain cancers and heart disease c) obesity d) osteoporosis

osteoporosis

When carbohydrate intake is very low, the body uses amino acids to make glucose via the process of ________. a) glycogenolysis b) gluconeogenesis c) proteinolysis d) glycolysis

gluconeogenesis

________ is the preferred source of energy for red blood cells, brain, and nervous system. a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Sucrose d) Galactose

glucose

________ provides energy and maintains blood sugar. a) Sucrose b) Fructose c) Glucose d) Lactose

glucose

The three monosaccharides are ________. a) fructose, sucrose, and lactose b) galactose, sucrose, and glucose c) glucose, fructose, and galactose d) fructose, sucrose, and glucose

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include ________. a) frequent thirst, tingling sensation, and fatigue b) hunger, confusion, and shakiness c) frequent urination, thirst, and confusion d) hunger, frequent thirst, and frequent urination

hunger, confusion, and shakiness

During the formation of atherosclerosis, what occurs immediately after the artery is injured? a) immune cells are attracted to the site, prompting the inflammatory response. b) immune cells convert LDLs into foam cells. c) Blood flows unobstructed. d) Plaques that had formed are dislodged and move throughout the blood stream.

immune cells are attracted to the site, prompting the inflammatory response.

The role of the VLDLs is to transport ________ and ________ away from the liver to the cells. a) triglycerides; cholesterol b) cholesterol; protein c) protein; triglycerides d) sterols; monoglycerides

triglycerides; cholesterol

The type of diabetes where the pancreas does not produce insulin to lower blood sugars is ________. a) type 2 diabetes b) type 1 diabetes c) pre-diabetes d) hypoglycemic diabetes

type 1 diabetes

All of the following can cause denaturation of proteins except ________. a) water b) bases c) acids d) mechanical agitation

water

The process of copying the DNA sequence from the gene to messenger RNA is called ________. a) transcription b) translation c) elongation d) denaturation

transcription

he three categories of lipids are ________. a) triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids b) short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain c) saturated, unsaturated, and triglycerides d) fat-soluble, water-soluble, and insoluble

triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids

A child who presents with extreme protein and kcal deficiency and shows overall wasting but no edema has what form of malnutrition? a) Kwashiorkor b) Marasmus c) Marasmic Kwashiorkor d) Alkalosis

Marasmus

Protein differs from lipids and carbohydrates because it has a) carbon and hydrogen. b) nitrogen and sulfur. c) nitrogen and oxygen. d) oxygen and carbon.

nitrogen and sulfur

saturated fats

single bonds solid at room temp

Individuals with phenylketonuria should not consume what sweetener? a) Aspartame b) Sucralose c) Saccharine d) Truvai

Aspartame

Which list below contains foods that are rich in whole grains? a) Legumes, fruit, and white bread b) Brown rice, barley, and quinoa c) White bread, white rice, and spaghetti made with durum wheat d) Nuts, bran muffins, and oatmeal

Brown rice, barley, and quinoa

Essential amino acids: a) Cannot be synthesized by the body b) Need to be consumed via supplements c) Do not need to be consumed in the diet d) Include tyrosine, aspartic acid, asparagine

Cannot be synthesized by the body

What is the effect of trans fat on HDL and LDL cholesterol? a) increase HDL, increase LDL b) Decrease HDL, increase LDL c) Increase HDL, decrease LDL d) There is no effect.

Decrease HDL, increase LDL

What populations are at risk of decreased protein intake? a) Adolescent males b) Elderly people c) Vegetarians d) Adolescent males and elderly people e) Elderly people and vegetarians

Elderly people and vegetarians

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) Foods high in cholesterol but low in saturated fatty acids have a lower effect on LDL cholesterol than foods high in saturated fats. b) All cholesterol-containing foods raise the risk for heart disease. c) Substituting margarine (rich in trans fats) for butter can reduce risk for heart disease. d) Avocados and nuts increase risk for heart disease.

Foods high in cholesterol but low in saturated fatty acids have a lower effect on LDL cholesterol than foods high in saturated fats.

Sarah has elevated LDLs and low HDLs. What foods should she add to her diet to improve her HDL-to-LDL ratio? a) Foods rich in trans fats b) Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids c) Foods rich in plant sterols d) Both b. and c. are correct.

Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids Foods rich in plant sterols

Which foods contain naturally occurring sugars? a) Fruit b) Candy bars c) Dairy products d) Fruit and dairy products

Fruit and dairy products

________ is the process that creates glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, predominantly protein. a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Glycolysis d) Ketosis

Gluconeogenesis

Which hormone does NOT increase blood sugars? a) Epinephrine b) Cortisol c) Growth hormone d) Norepinephrine

Growth hormone

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body? a) Insulation b) Provide a source of energy c) Increase intestinal motility d) Transport fat-soluble vitamins

Increase intestinal motility

Which of the following is NOT a long-term health consequence of uncontrolled blood glucose levels? a) Leg and foot amputations b) Increased muscle mass c) Kidney failure d) Heart disease

Increased muscle mass

________ are the by-products of the incomplete breakdown of fat. a) Ketone bodies b) Enzymes c) Probiotics d) Electrolytes

Ketone bodies

hyrdrogenation

Replacing saturated fat with hydrogenated fat

Which of the following examples are rich in omega-3 fatty acids? a) Carrots, squash, green beans b) Almonds, wheat germ, avocado c) Salmon, walnuts, flaxseed d) Eggs, chicken wings, liver

Salmon, walnuts, flaxseed

Which statement about saturated fatty acids is TRUE? a) Saturated fats have two or more double bonds. b) Saturated fats have no double bonds. c) Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature. d) Saturated fats have a low melting point

Saturated fats have no double bonds.

Which of the following is a controllable risk factor for heart disease? a) Smoking and sedentary lifestyle b) Age and gender c) Family history of heart disease d) Type 1 diabetes

Smoking and sedentary lifestyle

How can a consumer tell if a product is high in added sugar? a) The product contains cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. b) Only the first ingredient on the list is "added sugar." c) The product contains many different varieties of added sugars. d) The product contains dried fruit, such as raisins.

The product contains many different varieties of added sugars.

Sickle-cell anemia occurs due to a) an incomplete transcription of the DNA sequence to the mRNA. b) a displacement of glutamine with valine. c) an incomplete polypeptide formation during elongation. d) a diet inadequate in essential amino acids.

a displacement of glutamine with valine.

The lipoprotein that carries triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols from the intestine via the lymphatic system is ________. a) a chylomicron b) LDL c) albumin d) a micelle

a micelle

Proteins change acid-base levels (thereby pH) by a) accepting or donating H+ atoms. b) digesting acid-forming compounds in the intestine. c) denaturing basic compounds in the stomach. d) accepting or donating carbon atoms.

accepting or donating H+ atoms.

________ is the protein that assists with monitoring and regulating fluid balance in the body. a) Glutamine b) Pepsin c) Albumin d) Hemoglobin

albumin

Foods rich in polyunsaturated fats are protected from oxidation by ________. a) adding antioxidants b) reducing exposure to oxygen c) hydrogenation d) all of the above

all of the above

Which foods contain starches? a) Fruits b) Vegetables c) Legumes d) All of the above

all of the above

Specialized proteins that eliminate harmful invaders are called ________. a) hormones b) antibodies c) enzymes d) globulins

antibodies

Omega-3 fatty acids ________. a) have the first double bond on the sixth carbon from the omega end b) are also known as linoleic acid c) are essential fatty acids d) are solid at room temperature

are essential fatty acids

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of debris along the artery walls is known as ________. a) a heart attack b) a stroke c) atherosclerosis d) toxic shock

atherosclerosis

The hormone ________ stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder. a) cholecystokinin b) bicarbonate c) pancreatic lipase d) insulin

cholecystokinin

________ is the most abundant protein in the body. a) Collagen b) Glutamine c) Actin d) Hemoglobin

collagen

Complete proteins are found in ________. a) grains and meat b) soy products and vegetables c) dairy, meat, and fish d) grains, fruits, and vegetables

dairy, meat, and fish

The process of removing the amine group from amino acids to form ammonia is called ________. a) transamination b) translation c) elongation d) deamination

deamination

HDL and LDL are lipoproteins. What determines their functions? a) Phospholipid placement b) type of fat stored inside c) Density d) Size

density

The enzyme(s) that participate(s) in the final step of digesting polypeptides into amino acids is/are a) dipeptidases and tripeptidases. b) trypsin. c) cholecystokinin and trypsin. d) pepsin.

dipeptidases and tripeptidases.

Increased fiber consumption reduces the onset of inflamed diverticula (which line the large intestine or colon) known as ________. a) constipation b) diarrhea c) diverticulitis d) diverticulate inflammation

diverticulitis

C-reactive protein (CRP) produces the ________ response and helps predict ________ onset. a) inflammation; stroke b) inflammation; heart attack c) anticoagulant; stroke d) anticoagulant; heart attack

inflammation; heart attack

________ is the type of fiber that should be consumed to increase transit time and to help relieve constipation. a) Insoluble fiber b) Soluble fiber c) Lignin d) Functional fiber

insoluble fiber

________ break down triglycerides into a monoglyceride and two fatty acids. a) Lipases b) Amylases c) Emulsifiers d) Hormones

lipases

Which food source is NOT a good source of fiber? a) Legumes b) Nuts c) Meat d) Whole grains

meat

The stomach enzyme that begins the digestion of dietary protein is ________. a) pepsinogen b) bicarbonate c) pepsin d) amylase

pepsin

What type of bond connects amino acids? a) Disulfide bond b) Peptide bond c) Covalent bond d) Amine bond

peptide bond

________ is the process by which plants create carbohydrates using the energy from sunlight. a) Photosynthesis b) The Krebs cycle c) Chlorophyll d) Gluconeogenesis

photosynthesis

Sarah is 15 years old and just finished a growth spurt in which she grew 4 inches. Sarah was in ________. a) nitrogen equilibrium b) positive nitrogen balance c) negative nitrogen balance d) nitrogen stasis

positive nitrogen balance

Kwashiorkor

protein deficiency

Carbohydrates spare ________ to allow it/them to perform numerous other tasks. a) proteins b) lipids c) fiber d) vitamins and minerals

proteins

The molecule, hemoglobin, is an example of a protein with a ________ structure. a) secondary b) primary c) quaternary d) tertiary

quaternary

Protein is synthesized in the ________. a) nucleus b) ribosome c) cytoplasm d) mitochondria

ribosome

Marasmus

severe deficiency in kilocalories

Marasmic Kwashiorkor

severe deficiency in kilocalories and proteins

Lipids are primarily digested in the ________. a) small intestine b) large intestine c) colon d) stomach

small intestine

Amino acids are absorbed in the ________ and metabolized in the ________. a) stomach; small intestine b) small intestine; liver c) stomach; liver d) large intestine; kidney

small intestine; liver

What has been shown to help individuals with diabetes manage the condition? a) Soluble fiber b) insoluble fiber c) Polysaccharides d) Lignins

soluble fiber

________ dissolves in water, is fermented by intestinal bacteria, and is viscous. a) Cellulose b) Insoluble fiber c) Functional fiber d) Soluble fiber

soluble fiber

Protein can act as a catalyst, which means it will a) slow down chemical reactions. b) speed up chemical reactions. c) create enzymes. d) create nonprotein compounds.

speed up chemical reactions.

Which of the following foods is rich in saturated fatty acids? a) Nuts b) Steak c) Canola oil d) Flaxseed

steak

CCK

stimulates gall bladder to secrete bile

Sucrose is the disaccharide found in ________. a) table sugar b) beer c) milk d) cola

table sugar