nutrition test 2

The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting added sugar intake to less than ______ of total kilocalories.

10%

To help lower your risk for cardiovascular disease, the recommendation is to limit saturated fat intake to ________ of total kilocalories.

10%

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that Americans consume ______ of their total calories from carbohydrates.

45% to 65%

Phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?

A compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acid.

Which of the following does not describe a function of fat?

Best source of energy for the brain

Which area of the body obtains energy only from glucose?

Brain

Which of the following is the best strategy to limit trans fat in the diet?

Choose natural peanut butter instead of peanut butter made with hydrogenated vegetable oils.

John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him do this?

Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body, in the bloodstream, and an important source of energy for human cells?

Glucose

Which of the following combinations of monosaccharides is true?

Glucose and galactose form lactose.

What enzyme is responsible for starch digestion in the small intestine?

Pancreatic amylase

Which of the following foods is cholesterol-free?

Peanut butter

Which section of MyPlate is the least significant source of carbohydrates?

Protein

Which of the following is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Salmon

Which of the following is a major source of lactose

Skim milk

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose?

Table sugar

The two forms of starch found in food are

amylose and amylopectin.

Phospholipids are the main components of

cell membranes.

A(n) _____ is the simplest form of lipid; it is a carbon chain, flanked by hydrogens, with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end.

fatty acid

The three-carbon structure that forms the "backbone" of a triglyceride is called

glycerol.

Of the macronutrients, fats are the most significant dietary factor(s) associated with

heart disease.

Viscous (soluble) fibers

help to lower blood cholesterol

When eating a high-fiber diet, one should ______ fluid intake

increase

All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol except

it is an essential nutrient.

Lactose intolerance is caused by

lactase deficiency.

As food moves from the stomach to the small intestine, the pancreas secretes ______ to digest triglycerides.

lipase

When blood glucose levels drop below normal, hormones signal the breakdown of ______, which releases glucose into the blood

liver glycogen

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Olive oil contains mostly ______ fatty acids.

monounsaturated

Digestion of some starches begins in the

mouth with salivary amylase.

A(n) ______ fatty acid is an essential, polyunsaturated fatty acid that has a double bond at the third carbon from the methyl end.

omega-3

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called

photosynthesis.

To reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease, it is recommended to limit the dietary intake of which of the following?

saturated fat

If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be _______ at room temperature.

solid

The major function of adipose tissue is to

store triglycerides.

The main function of glucose is to

supply energy for cells in the body

Hydrogenation produces

trans fatty acids.

A(n) _____ is made up of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids.

triglyceride

When blood glucose rises above the normal range, which of the following hormones is released to correct a hyperglycemic (high blood sugar) state?

Insulin

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

Lactose

After monosaccharides are absorbed from the small intestine, they are taken directly to which organ in the body?

Liver

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption?

Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver.

Fats in the foods we eat are commonly found in which form?

Triglycerides