Nutrition Test 3 Study Guide

long duration of life

Longevity is defined as

Hypothalamus

On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?

It is a satiety gland

Which of the following is a feature of leptin?

Spina Bifida

incomplete closure of spinal cord and its bony encasement

34

According to body mass index figures, what percentage of people aged 2-19 years are overweight or obese?

2/3

According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

strongly recommended

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society, breastfeeding of full-term infants is

no teeth

A person who is edentulous has

difficulty swallowing

A person with dysphagia has

lipotoxity

Adverse effects on organs such as the liver from the presence of excess body fat is known as

heart and lung activities

Aerobic workouts improve?

flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance

Components of fitness?

adipocyte number

In the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following EXCEPT: a. diet b. behavior c. physical activity d. adipocyte number

Diet, behavior and physical activity

In the quest to achieve a desirable body weight, what three factors do we control?

3.5 hours per week

Moderate to intense physical activity?

Zygote

Newly fertilized egg

hypertrophic obesity

Obesity resulting from an increase in the size of fat cells is termed

Attaches the fetus to the uterine wall, provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, and transfers waste products to mother's blood

What are two functions of the placenta?

Anacephaly

brain either missing or fails to develop

true

The following are classified as strength fitness activities: pilates, pullups, and pushups.

remove triglycerides from blood for storage

The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to

placenta

The organ from which the infant receives nourishment?

Belly button

What connects the umbilical cord to the fetus?

A genetic disorder resulting in obesity

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

bone fragility

Which of the following is NOT among the components of fitness? a. Strength b. Flexibility c. Bone fragility d. Cardiovascular endurance

It stimulates appetite and energy storage

Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin?

folate

reduces the risk of neural tube defects

late childhood and puberty

Fat cell number increases most readily in?

increase in the number of fat cells

Hyperplastic obesity is related to a(n)

Fetal programming

Mother's nutrition may change gene expression in fetus affecting the child's development of diseases later in life.

the lost of muscle and strength

What is muscle atrophy?

the muscle increases in size

What is muscle hypertrophy?

loss of muscle mass and strength

What is sarcopenia?

alpha-lactalbumin

What is the chief protein in human breast milk?

over 85 years

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?

Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty

What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?

Fat cells number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty

What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?

uterus

What organ functions to prepare the mother's breasts for lactation?

brain

What organ in the infant uses more than half of the day's total energy intake?

amniotic sac

What organ of the pregnant woman is central to the exchange of nutrients for waste products with the fetus?

13%

What percentage of U.S. adults lives a completely sedentary lifestyle?

Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight

Which of the following defines the body's set point?

reduced bone density

Which of the following is generally NOT associated with a regular program of physical fitness? a. Reduced bone density b. Lower blood pressure c. Fall in resting pulse rate d. Diminished blood cholesterol

Lipoprotein synthetase

Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?

1/8

Approximately what fraction of the U.S. population is at least 65 years old?

the brain and the central nervous system

During fetal development what forms first?

brain and spinal cord

The neural tube develops into the