Nutrition Unit 4 Homework

How long does it take for chyme to move through the small intestine?

3-5 hours

Much of the energy released by catabolic reactions are captured in the form of what?

ATP

The "energy currency" of our cells is:

ATP

The process by which substances are taken up by the intestinal tract and enter the blood or lymph is called what?

Absorption

Metabolic pathways that require oxygen and generate ATP are called what?

Aerobic Metabolism

A collection of tissues that function in a related fashion is called?

An organ

reactions involved in building larger substances from smaller ones are called _____________

Anabolic reactions

Intestinal gas is produced by ____________ which are found in the large intestine.

Bacteria

one substance that aids in the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is:

Bile

Amino acids, minerals and glucose are water soluble and thus enter the __________ of the villis and are eventually transported to the liver by the portal vein

Capillary network

List the levels of organization in the body from the simplest to the most complex

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

To perform work human cells use ________ energy

Chemical

Prior to the absorption, intestinal absorptive cells package water-insoluble nutrients, like fatty acids, into __________________

Chylomicron

Hemorrhoids and diverticula can occur due to chronic ______________

Constipation

parts of the small intestine in order they appear in the GI tract.

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Function of the Large intestine

Elimination of waste products

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called what?

Enzymes

Bile is stored in the ___________

Gallbladder

The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure if the __________________ _____________ to close properly

Gastroesophageal Sphincter

Under normal conditions, your cells rely most heavily on burning __________ and _______________ for energy.

Glucose; fat

Chyme is formed where?

In the stomach

Functions such as making glucose and bile acids, storing various nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances are performed by what organ?

Liver

Fat soluble nutrients are absorbed into the __________

Lymphatic system

The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of what?

Mechanical Digestion

The esophagus connects what 2 organs of the digestive tract?

Mouth and stomach

__________ is a slippery substance that protects the stomach from its acid and digestive enzymes

Mucus

An organism that can digest and absorb nutrients from plants, animals, bacteria and fungi is a what?

Omnivore

The digestive system is an example of an ____________ ______________

Organ System

What organ produces most of the digestive enzymes?

Pancreas

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called what?

Peristalsis

The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach is called what?

Pyloric Sphincter

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs where?

Small intestine

What organ uses cholesterol to make bile?

The liver

Part of the tongue with the correct taste

Tip- sweet Sides- salty/sour Rear- bitter

Masses of cells that have similar characteristics and functions are called what?

Tissues

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Transport nutrients into blood or lymph, process foods into nutrients

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and are transported to the liver before they enter the general circulation?

Water-insoluble vitamins

Facts about probiotics:

are live, beneficial microbes; can be found in many yogurts

Cells in the body:

are specialized to perform specific functions

Types of digestion include...

chemical and physical

The 2 major sections of the large intestine are what?

colon and rectum

Colorectal cancer starts in the:

colon, rectum

Functions of the liver

detoxifying harmful substances, synthesizing bile, monitoring blood nutrient content

A person can be diagnosed with the condition of constipation when he or she has a bowel movement less frequently than:

every 3 days

The nutrient fuel that most cells burn for energy after glucose is what?

fat

The nutrients we eat from foods that become biological fuels are:

fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

Identify three organs that are an important part of the digestive system, even though they do not come in direct contact with undigested food

gallbladder, pancreas, and liver

A peptic ulcer can be caused by what?

hydrochloric acid damaging stomach or intestinal tissue, a failure of the mucus layer to protect stomach or intestinal tissue, protein digesting enzymes damaging the stomach or intestine

What can contribute to constipation?

low water intake, anxiety or depression, changes in routine

Function of the Small intestines

major site of chemical digestion and absorption

Function of the mouth

major site of mechanical digestion

Metabolic reactions include:

making proteins, releasing energy from macronutrients, eliminating waste products

What are causes of diarrhea?

more water than normal is secreted into the GI tract, the GI tract absorbs less water than normal

List the organs in the order they occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

mouth, esophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Function of the stomach

muscular sac that can hold up to 4 cups of food

What are functions of the stomach?

some digestion and absorption may occur, releases chyme into the small intestine, mixes food with gastric juice

which of the following are functions of the liver?

stores fat-soluble vitamins, manufactures bile, makes cholesterol

Some kinds of intestinal bacteria may be harmful when:

they enter other parts of your body, they contaminate food