Nutrition Unit 8

List the order of events in cancer progression from first to last.

1. Carcinogen triggers damage to DNA 2. Cells divide uncontrollably 3. Malignant cells form a tumor 4. Invasive cells multiply

Another name for vitamin C is ___ ___.

Ascorbic acid

The body is able to store which group of vitamins? -Fat-soluble vitamins -Water-soluble vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins

Free radicals can remove electrons and thus damage: -Fatty acids -Water -Protein -DNA

Fatty acids Proteins DNA

It is best to purchase ___ produce in order to receive the most vitamins.

Fresh

What roles does Vitamin D play in the body? -Regulate body calcium levels -Maintenance of bones -Production of epithelial cells -Bone formation

Regulate body calcium levels Maintenance of bones Bone formation

In a vitamin A deficiency, certain epithelial cells become less effective in preventing infections because they stop producing ___.

Mucus

Water soluble vitamins include: -Niacin -Folic acid -Retinol -Vitamin B12

Niacin Folic acid Vitamin B12

Grains and proteins are good sources of: -Niacin -Thiamin -Riboflavin -Vitamin C

Niacin Thiamin Riboflavin

If retinol is unavailable in the diet, one becomes unable to see in dim light. This is called ___ ___.

Night blindness

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D? -Salmon -Herring -Milk -Grapes

Salmon Herring Milk

Oranges and lemons would be appropriate treatment for the deficiency disease known as ___.

Scurvy

The deficiency diseased caused by a lack of Vitamin C in the diet is called: -Beriberi -Pellagra -Scurvy -Rickets

Scurvy

What major role do the power player vitamins have in the body? -They help build strong bones -They help release energy from absorbed nutrients -They help build strong muscles -They support a healthy immune system

They help release energy from absorbed nutrients

Vitamin ___ participates in the development of epithelial cells, regulating immune system activity, and bone growth.

A

Certain B vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from: -Amino acids -Glucose -Minerals -Gastric acid -Fatty acids

Amino acids Glucose Fatty acids

Retinol is only found in: -Animal foods -Plant foods

Animal foods

Vitamin E's main role in the body is to act as an ___.

Antioxidant

Pernicious anemia results from a failure to absorb which vitamin? -C -E -B12 -B6

B12

The thiamin deficiency disease ___ is characterized by weakness and poor muscular coordination.

Beriberi

Bacteria in our large intestine can make and absorb some of the B vitamin ___. -Choline -Biotin -Pantothenic acid

Biotin

What is the primary function of vitamin K? -Nerve transmission -Blood clotting -Transfer of fat to the liver

Blood clotting

A group of chronic diseases characterized by abnormal cell behavior is called ___.

Cancer

Free radical damage can promote chemical changes in cells which may ultimately lead to: -Cancer -Stroke -Influenze -Heart attack

Cancer Stroke Heart attack

Alcohol is considered to be a ___, a cancer causing agent.

Carcinogen

Why do pregnant women require an increased intake of folate? -Cell division is taking place at a rapid place -Lipids need to be metabolized at an increased rate -An increased amount of antioxidants should be consumed -Carbohydrates need to be metabolized at an increased rate

Cell division is taking place at a rapid pace

What is an ion or small molecule that helps an enzyme function? -Provitamin -Phytochemical -Coenzyme

Coenzyme

Connective tissue like tendons are made strong by the protein. -Folacin -Collagen -Hemoglobin -Homocysteine

Collagen

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin D? -Milk -Fatty fish -Vitamin D fortified orange juice -Cucumbers

Cucumbers

The body is able to make vitamin ___ when skin cells are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation.

D

Which vitamin requires activation steps in the liver and kidneys before it can function in the body? -D -K -A -E

D

Which of the following are signs of pellagra? -Dermatitis -Hyperactivity -Diarrhea -Dementia

Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia

Vitamins don't undergo ___ because they would lose their ability to function as a result.

Digestion

The best sources of the power player vitamins are: -Fruits -Green leafy vegetables -Seeds and oils -Enriched breads and cereals

Enriched breads and cereals

Cancer causation is a complex process; no single factor usually causes cancer. However, which combination of factors contribute to most cases of cancer? -Sexual gender -Genetic makeup -Environmental exposure -Nutritional slate

Genetic makeup Environmental exposure Nutritional slate

Identify the food sources high in Vitamin C. -Green peppers -Grilled fish -Beef -Strawberries

Green peppers Strawberries

What is the name of the iron-containing portion of hemoglobin? -Folic acid -Pellagra -Heme -Homocysteine

Heme

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D? -Herring -Milk -Grapes -Salmon

Herring Milk Salmon

When your vitamin needs increase, your vitamin absorption tends to ___.

Increase

A substance produced in the stomach that acts as a special carrier molecule and helps with vitamin B12 absorption is called ___ ___.

Intrinsic factor

Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins? -Involved in growth and development -Promote red blood cell formation -Provide energy and release carbon dioxide

Involved in growth and development Promote red blood cell formation

The following have roles with vitamin D in the production and maintenance of healthy bone. -Kidney -Stomach -Bone -Small intestine

Kidney Small intestine

To reduce cancer risk one should: -Limit intake of fruits and vegetables -Limit intake of charred meats -Take antioxidant supplements

Limit intake of charred meats

What are some food sources of Vitamin B6? -Liver -Wheat germ -Fish -Bananas

Liver Fish Bananas

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets? -Soft bones -Misshapen bones -Tall stature -Muscle pain

Soft bones Misshapen bones Muscle pain

To help preserve the Vitamin C content of foods, you should: -Store food in the refrigerator -Cook foods at high heat -Cook foods in large amounts of water

Store food in the refrigerator

Which of the following roles does Vitamin C play in the body? -Formation of bones -Muscle contraction -Synthesis of bile -Red blood cells synthesis

Synthesis of bile

The water-soluble vitamins include: -The B vitamins -Vitamin C -Vitamins D and E -Vitamins K and D

The B vitamins Vitamin C

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin? -The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods -Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts -The nutrient can be manufactured by the body if intake is not adequate -The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health

The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods. Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts. The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health.

Match the power player vitamin on the left with its associated deficiency disease on the right. -Thiamin : -Riboflavin : -Niacin :

Thiamin : Beriberi Riboflavin : Ariboflavinosis Niacin : Pellagra

Which of the following are examples of carcinogens? -Genetics -Toxic chemicals -Vitamins -A virus

Toxic chemicals A virus

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body? -Antioxidant -Phytochemical -Vitamin -Mineral

Vitamin

Match the vitamin with its function. -Vitamin A : -Thiamin : -Folate :

Vitamin A : Immune function, growth/development and bone health Thiamin : Energy metabolism Folate : Amino acid metabolism and red blood cell formation

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin? -Vitamin B12 -Folate -Vitamin C -Riboflavin

Vitamin B12

Folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin C are all examples of ___-soluble vitamins.

Water

Thiamine and riboflavin are: -Water soluble vitamins -Fat soluble vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

You are at increased risk of developing a vitamin deficiency disorder when... -You have a chronic disease like atherosclerosis or diabetes -You have a disease that can reduce the intestinal tract's ability to absorb nutrients -Your diet consistently lacks a certain vitamin

You have a disease that can reduce the intestinal tract's ability to absorb nutrients Your diet consistently lacks a certain vitamin

Folate and vitamin B12 play a role in which of the following? -Synthesis of glucose -Preventing homocysteine accumulation -Amino acid metabolism -Maintenance of cornea

Preventing homocysteine accumulation Amino acid metabolism

Beta-carotene is sometimes referred to as: -Preformed vitamin A -Provitamin A -Previtamin A

Provitamin A

Produce that is dark green and bright orange can be a good source of ___-___, a carotenoid that the body can convert to Vitamin A.

Provitamin-A

The vitamin whose main role is involvement in amino acid metabolism is ___ ___.

B-6

Adding a pat of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ___-soluble vitamins.

Fat

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ___-soluble vitamins.

Fat

The form of folate that is in dietary supplements and is used to fortify food is ___ ___.

Folic acid

Megaloblastic anemia can be cured by taking: -Folic acid -Vitamin E -Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B6

Folic acid B12

What makes cancer causation a complex process? -Nutritional states -Genetic makeups -Lifestyle practices -Lack of research

Nutritional states Genetic makeups Lifestyle practices

Carotenoids can be found in: -Purple vegetables -Orange vegetables -Blue fruits -White vegetables

Orange vegetables

___ is the deficiency disease characterized by inadequate vitamin D in adults who have soft bones that break easily.

Osteomalacia

Which vitamins are in a wide variety of foods and thus their deficiencies are uncommon? -Riboflavin -Pantothenic acid -Biotin -Choline

Pantothenic acid Biotin Choline

By sacrificing electrons, ___ protect molecules such as the DNA in the nucleus from being damaged by free radicals.

Antioxidants