Nutrition Unit 8
List the order of events in cancer progression from first to last.
1. Carcinogen triggers damage to DNA 2. Cells divide uncontrollably 3. Malignant cells form a tumor 4. Invasive cells multiply
Another name for vitamin C is ___ ___.
Ascorbic acid
The body is able to store which group of vitamins? -Fat-soluble vitamins -Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins
Free radicals can remove electrons and thus damage: -Fatty acids -Water -Protein -DNA
Fatty acids Proteins DNA
It is best to purchase ___ produce in order to receive the most vitamins.
Fresh
What roles does Vitamin D play in the body? -Regulate body calcium levels -Maintenance of bones -Production of epithelial cells -Bone formation
Regulate body calcium levels Maintenance of bones Bone formation
In a vitamin A deficiency, certain epithelial cells become less effective in preventing infections because they stop producing ___.
Mucus
Water soluble vitamins include: -Niacin -Folic acid -Retinol -Vitamin B12
Niacin Folic acid Vitamin B12
Grains and proteins are good sources of: -Niacin -Thiamin -Riboflavin -Vitamin C
Niacin Thiamin Riboflavin
If retinol is unavailable in the diet, one becomes unable to see in dim light. This is called ___ ___.
Night blindness
Which foods are good sources of vitamin D? -Salmon -Herring -Milk -Grapes
Salmon Herring Milk
Oranges and lemons would be appropriate treatment for the deficiency disease known as ___.
Scurvy
The deficiency diseased caused by a lack of Vitamin C in the diet is called: -Beriberi -Pellagra -Scurvy -Rickets
Scurvy
What major role do the power player vitamins have in the body? -They help build strong bones -They help release energy from absorbed nutrients -They help build strong muscles -They support a healthy immune system
They help release energy from absorbed nutrients
Vitamin ___ participates in the development of epithelial cells, regulating immune system activity, and bone growth.
A
Certain B vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from: -Amino acids -Glucose -Minerals -Gastric acid -Fatty acids
Amino acids Glucose Fatty acids
Retinol is only found in: -Animal foods -Plant foods
Animal foods
Vitamin E's main role in the body is to act as an ___.
Antioxidant
Pernicious anemia results from a failure to absorb which vitamin? -C -E -B12 -B6
B12
The thiamin deficiency disease ___ is characterized by weakness and poor muscular coordination.
Beriberi
Bacteria in our large intestine can make and absorb some of the B vitamin ___. -Choline -Biotin -Pantothenic acid
Biotin
What is the primary function of vitamin K? -Nerve transmission -Blood clotting -Transfer of fat to the liver
Blood clotting
A group of chronic diseases characterized by abnormal cell behavior is called ___.
Cancer
Free radical damage can promote chemical changes in cells which may ultimately lead to: -Cancer -Stroke -Influenze -Heart attack
Cancer Stroke Heart attack
Alcohol is considered to be a ___, a cancer causing agent.
Carcinogen
Why do pregnant women require an increased intake of folate? -Cell division is taking place at a rapid place -Lipids need to be metabolized at an increased rate -An increased amount of antioxidants should be consumed -Carbohydrates need to be metabolized at an increased rate
Cell division is taking place at a rapid pace
What is an ion or small molecule that helps an enzyme function? -Provitamin -Phytochemical -Coenzyme
Coenzyme
Connective tissue like tendons are made strong by the protein. -Folacin -Collagen -Hemoglobin -Homocysteine
Collagen
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin D? -Milk -Fatty fish -Vitamin D fortified orange juice -Cucumbers
Cucumbers
The body is able to make vitamin ___ when skin cells are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
D
Which vitamin requires activation steps in the liver and kidneys before it can function in the body? -D -K -A -E
D
Which of the following are signs of pellagra? -Dermatitis -Hyperactivity -Diarrhea -Dementia
Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia
Vitamins don't undergo ___ because they would lose their ability to function as a result.
Digestion
The best sources of the power player vitamins are: -Fruits -Green leafy vegetables -Seeds and oils -Enriched breads and cereals
Enriched breads and cereals
Cancer causation is a complex process; no single factor usually causes cancer. However, which combination of factors contribute to most cases of cancer? -Sexual gender -Genetic makeup -Environmental exposure -Nutritional slate
Genetic makeup Environmental exposure Nutritional slate
Identify the food sources high in Vitamin C. -Green peppers -Grilled fish -Beef -Strawberries
Green peppers Strawberries
What is the name of the iron-containing portion of hemoglobin? -Folic acid -Pellagra -Heme -Homocysteine
Heme
Which foods are good sources of vitamin D? -Herring -Milk -Grapes -Salmon
Herring Milk Salmon
When your vitamin needs increase, your vitamin absorption tends to ___.
Increase
A substance produced in the stomach that acts as a special carrier molecule and helps with vitamin B12 absorption is called ___ ___.
Intrinsic factor
Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins? -Involved in growth and development -Promote red blood cell formation -Provide energy and release carbon dioxide
Involved in growth and development Promote red blood cell formation
The following have roles with vitamin D in the production and maintenance of healthy bone. -Kidney -Stomach -Bone -Small intestine
Kidney Small intestine
To reduce cancer risk one should: -Limit intake of fruits and vegetables -Limit intake of charred meats -Take antioxidant supplements
Limit intake of charred meats
What are some food sources of Vitamin B6? -Liver -Wheat germ -Fish -Bananas
Liver Fish Bananas
What are some signs and symptoms of rickets? -Soft bones -Misshapen bones -Tall stature -Muscle pain
Soft bones Misshapen bones Muscle pain
To help preserve the Vitamin C content of foods, you should: -Store food in the refrigerator -Cook foods at high heat -Cook foods in large amounts of water
Store food in the refrigerator
Which of the following roles does Vitamin C play in the body? -Formation of bones -Muscle contraction -Synthesis of bile -Red blood cells synthesis
Synthesis of bile
The water-soluble vitamins include: -The B vitamins -Vitamin C -Vitamins D and E -Vitamins K and D
The B vitamins Vitamin C
What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin? -The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods -Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts -The nutrient can be manufactured by the body if intake is not adequate -The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health
The nutrient occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods. Prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts. The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health.
Match the power player vitamin on the left with its associated deficiency disease on the right. -Thiamin : -Riboflavin : -Niacin :
Thiamin : Beriberi Riboflavin : Ariboflavinosis Niacin : Pellagra
Which of the following are examples of carcinogens? -Genetics -Toxic chemicals -Vitamins -A virus
Toxic chemicals A virus
What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body? -Antioxidant -Phytochemical -Vitamin -Mineral
Vitamin
Match the vitamin with its function. -Vitamin A : -Thiamin : -Folate :
Vitamin A : Immune function, growth/development and bone health Thiamin : Energy metabolism Folate : Amino acid metabolism and red blood cell formation
Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin? -Vitamin B12 -Folate -Vitamin C -Riboflavin
Vitamin B12
Folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin C are all examples of ___-soluble vitamins.
Water
Thiamine and riboflavin are: -Water soluble vitamins -Fat soluble vitamins
Water soluble vitamins
You are at increased risk of developing a vitamin deficiency disorder when... -You have a chronic disease like atherosclerosis or diabetes -You have a disease that can reduce the intestinal tract's ability to absorb nutrients -Your diet consistently lacks a certain vitamin
You have a disease that can reduce the intestinal tract's ability to absorb nutrients Your diet consistently lacks a certain vitamin
Folate and vitamin B12 play a role in which of the following? -Synthesis of glucose -Preventing homocysteine accumulation -Amino acid metabolism -Maintenance of cornea
Preventing homocysteine accumulation Amino acid metabolism
Beta-carotene is sometimes referred to as: -Preformed vitamin A -Provitamin A -Previtamin A
Provitamin A
Produce that is dark green and bright orange can be a good source of ___-___, a carotenoid that the body can convert to Vitamin A.
Provitamin-A
The vitamin whose main role is involvement in amino acid metabolism is ___ ___.
B-6
Adding a pat of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ___-soluble vitamins.
Fat
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ___-soluble vitamins.
Fat
The form of folate that is in dietary supplements and is used to fortify food is ___ ___.
Folic acid
Megaloblastic anemia can be cured by taking: -Folic acid -Vitamin E -Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B6
Folic acid B12
What makes cancer causation a complex process? -Nutritional states -Genetic makeups -Lifestyle practices -Lack of research
Nutritional states Genetic makeups Lifestyle practices
Carotenoids can be found in: -Purple vegetables -Orange vegetables -Blue fruits -White vegetables
Orange vegetables
___ is the deficiency disease characterized by inadequate vitamin D in adults who have soft bones that break easily.
Osteomalacia
Which vitamins are in a wide variety of foods and thus their deficiencies are uncommon? -Riboflavin -Pantothenic acid -Biotin -Choline
Pantothenic acid Biotin Choline
By sacrificing electrons, ___ protect molecules such as the DNA in the nucleus from being damaged by free radicals.
Antioxidants