Nutrition Unit 9 Homework

The consumption of fluoride helps to:

strengthen bones and teeth

Alcohol dissolves in:

water

Rank where water is lost in the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the least

1. urine 2. skin 3. lungs 4. feces

serving size of liquor

1.5 oz

Serving size of beer

12 oz

The adequate intake for total water is approximately ____________ cups per day for young men

15.5

According to the Dietary Guidelines 2010, adults should consume less then ______mg of sodium daily

2300

serving size of wine

5 oz

Similar to selenium, your body uses copper to make several enzymes that function as what?

Antioxidants

Which food source is so abundant in selenium that it is recommended you eat them in moderation?

Brazil nuts

The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps decrease blood calcium when blood calcium levels are too high is called _______________

Calcitonin

ions, lilke magnesium and copper, that help speed up the rate of chemical reactions are called what?

Cofactors

Cells maintain proper hydration by controlling the amounts of ______________ in each compartment

Electrolytes

Minerals that have electrical charges when dissolved in water care called:

Electrolytes and ions

Function of calcium in the body

Forms a structural component of bone

Iron deficiency anemia is often characterized by red blood cells with low levels of:

Hemoglobin

Which mineral is often added to table salt in an effort to reduce the incidence of goiter?

Iodine

The organ that is the major site of body water regulation is the:

Kidney

Where can we find water within the human body?

Lymph, urine, and blood

The major source of iron in the American diet is what?

Meat

What is the main source of heme iron?

Meat

Which gender has a higher amount of body water?

Men

Elements in the earth's rock, soil or water that are required for our health are called what?

Minerals

Which of the following is an organic acid found in spinach, collard greens, and other vegetables that can depress the absorption of calcium?

Oxalic Acid

Function of cobalt in the body

Part of Vitamin B-12

Table salt is chemically known as what?

Sodium Chloride

A ___________ is a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve

Solvent

Function of sulfur in the body

Structural component of certain amino acids

The maximum blood pressure within an artery that occurs when the heart contracts is called the ____________ ______________

Systolic Pressure

Roles in the body for magnesium include:

bone health, energy metabolism, and enzyme activity

When iodine is lacking in the diet during pregnancy, the infant can be born with:

cretinism

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by:

decreased bone mass

What are some roles of water as a solvent?

diluting sodium and dissolving glucose

The most effective time to attempt to reduce the risk of osteoporosis is:

early in life

The iron containing in red blood cells that transports oxygen is:

hemoglobin

Function of iron in the body

incorporated into red blood cells

Possible outcomes of dehydration:

increased muscle weakness, increased fatigue, increased thirst

Hypertensive individuals have a greater risk of what?

kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium are categorized as ___________ minerals

major

During periods of growth, you are likely to absorb ____________ of a mineral than compared to when you are not growing

more

The typical American diet supplies:

more sodium than potassium

When iron levels become too low, cells in the body make less

myoglobin, hemoglobin, and energy-releasing proteins

Zinc is readily found in which foods?

oysters, red meat, poultry products, and fortified cereals

The two minerals that have a key rold in maintaining fluid balance are:

potassium and sodium

The primary source of dietary sodium in America is:

processed foods

Goiter results from the enlargement of the:

Thyroid Gland

What gland uses iodine?

Thyroid Gland

The water obtained from both metabolic and ecternal sources is called __________ ___________ intake

Total water

Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of:

addiction, hypertension, heart failure, certain cancers, liver damage, and motor vehicle accidents

Which of the following effects occur as a result of alcohol consumption?

altered metabolism, increased excretion of certain minerals, and altered absorption of certain vitamins