Nutrition

What instructions should the nurse give to the parents of a toddler? Select all that apply.

"You should serve finger foods to your child."

The nurse is planning nutritional education for a client with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD), also called peripheral arterial disease. Which diet modifications should the nurse include in the teaching session?

Decreasing both cholesterol and saturated fat intake Lower extremity arterial disease frequently is accompanied by generalized atherosclerosis; decreasing both cholesterol and saturated fat intake will help decrease lipid buildup on artery walls. Decreasing both fluid and sodium intake is an inappropriate dietary modification; this client does not have edema. Increasing both calcium and potassium is not appropriate for the client's condition because it may alter the client's electrolyte balance. Supplemental vitamin E can precipitate cardiac/vascular problems and should be taken only when prescribed by a healthcare provider who can monitor the client's ongoing status. Increasing refined grain intake will add calories and may contribute to unnecessary weight gain.

A primigravida tells the nurse that she is experiencing morning sickness. What suggestion should the nurse make to help the client relieve the nausea?

Eat small amounts more frequently Skipping meals may result in extreme hunger. Eating more frequently and in smaller amounts prevents distension of the stomach and subsequent nausea. Dry toast, crackers, and small, frequent meals may alleviate morning sickness. Three small meals a day are not sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of the mother and fetus; caloric intake should increase by 300 to 400 calories a day during pregnancy. Additional calcium intake will not relieve the nausea. Fluids need not be increased, but they should be consumed between meals.

A client has a hiatal hernia. The client is 5 feet 3 inches tall (163 cm) and weighs 160 pounds (72.6 kg). Which information should the nurse include when discussing prevention of esophageal reflux?

Reduce your caloric intake to foster weight reduction. Weight reduction decreases intraabdominal pressure, thereby decreasing the tendency to reflux into the esophagus. Fats decrease emptying of the stomach, extending the period that reflux can occur; fats should be decreased. Lying down after eating increases the Drinking several glasses of fluid during each meal Iwill increase pressure against the diaphragmatic hernia, increasing symptoms. pressure; fluid should be discouraged with meals.

Six hours after initiation of total parenteral nutrition, the client's serum glucose level increases to 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L). What does the nurse conclude is the most likely cause of the increase?

The infusion is flowing too rapidly. Rapid infusion of concentrated glucose into the vascular system does not allow time for adequate insulin release to transport glucose to the cells. A hyperconcentrated solution usually results in hypervolemia rather than hyperglycemia. There is no evidence that the client has diabetes mellitus. If the infusion was too slow, the blood glucose level would not increase to 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L).