nutrition week 14 aa

Avoiding research bias in studies is important when scientists collecting reliable information that can be used by the public. Check all of the situations that are likely to indicate research bias. (Check all that apply.)

-A drug company that makes dietary supplements funds a study that indicated the health benefits of taking megadoses of vitamin C on a daily basis. -An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. -A soft drink producers' trade group funds a study to determine whether the removal of soft drink machines from schools negatively affects the number of extracurricular activities that are offered by administrators in those schools.

The scientific method can be applied to your personal life. Organize the components of Luisa's self-experiment as they relate to the order of typical steps of the scientific method.

-Luisa notes that her stomach (abdomen) hurts after she drinks milk, and she wonders why. -Luisa guesses that her abdominal upsets her caused by her inability to digest lactose, a type of carbs that is milk and some other diary products. -Luisa does a one-week trial in which she eliminates all milk and foods that contain milk from her diet, and she records whenever her stomach is upset. -Luisa reviews her records and determines that during the week in which she did not drink milk or eat foods that contain milk, she did not experience abdominal discomfort. -Luisa tells her physician about her experiment and he agrees that she is probably lactose intolerant.

A group of scientists design a study to determine whether older adults with memory loss may benefit from taking fish oil supplements. Complete the sentences by dragging the term into its appropriate blank.

-People report that taking fish oil supplements improves their memory. This is an example of a(an) observation. -A scientist presents the following scientific question: "Does taking fish oil supplements improve memory?" -To study this possibility, the scientist uses two groups of people who are over 75 years of age and have mild memory loss. The treatment group receives 100 pills that contain fish oil. The control group receives similar pills that don't contain any active ingredients. These fake pills are called placebos. -The people who are the subjects of the study and the scientist in charge of the research don't know which group is getting the fish oil-containing pills. This kind of study is called a(an) double-blind study.

Which of the following groups of people may need to take vitamin and/or mineral supplements? (Check all that apply.)

-Pregnant females -Older adults -Children with chronic diseases

Each day, Parker takes pills that contain vitamin C. His RDA for the vitamin is 90 mg. How much vitamin C per day would be a megadose amount for Parker?

3 g

Match the known health benefit described on the left with the dietary supplement on the right.

Acidophilus: May restore the balance of beneficial bacterial in the intestinal tract. Coenzyme Q10: Make benefit immune system. Echinacea: Mixed scientific evidence to support common cold prevention claims. Fish Oil: May provide mild relief for symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Ginger: May help relieve nausea from morning sickness and reduce other forms of nausea.

What feature is required on labels of dietary supplements?

FDA disclaimer if the FDA has not reviewed a claim.

Which of the following dietary supplements is an herbal product that is highly toxic and can damage the liver?

Kava

A scientist obtains a $200,000 grant from a group of soft drink manufacturers to design and conduct a study. According to the scientist, results of his study proved that consuming up to 10 sugar-sweetened soft drinks/day doesn't increase the risk of any serious chronic health problems. Two years after these findings were published, another researcher tried to repeat the study. She determined that the scientist who conducted the original study ignored data from 66% of the subjects. This case is an example of research bias on the part of the scientist who accepted the grant from the soft drink manufacturers.

True

Physicians generally recommend a special multivitamin and multimineral (MV/M) supplement for their pregnant patients.

True