Nutrition - week 3

Based on the DRIs, nutritionally adequate diets should provide ______% to _____% of total calories from carbohydrates.

45% to 65%

_____ of a high-intensity sweetener is needed to sweeten a food to a similar sweetness as if that food was made with sugar. A slightly larger amount A very small amount A similar amount A very large amount

A very small amount

Choose the two ways high-intensity sweeteners compare to sugar. A.) They provide fewer calories per serving when compared to sugar B.) They provide the same number of calories per serving as sugar C.) They are much sweeter than the same amount of sugar D.) They are less sweet than the same amount of sugar

A.) They provide fewer calories per serving when compared to sugar D.) They are less sweet than the same amount of sugar

For certain high-intensity sweeteners, _____ have been established, which state the amount of that sweetener that can be consumed safely on a daily basis throughout one's life. Recommended Dietary Allowances Acceptable Daily Intakes Adequate Intakes Estimated Average Requirements

Acceptable Daily Intakes

Which alternative sweetener consists of the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? Neotame Saccharin Sucralose Aspartame

Aspartame

Which of the following are examples of manufactured alternative sweeteners? Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose Honey

Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose

Which two amino acids make up the high-intensity sweetener, aspartame? Glutamic acid Aspartic acid Phenylalanine Cysteine

Aspartic acid Phenylalanine

Which of the following are forms of dietary fiber? - Glycogen - Cellulose - Gums - Pectin

Cellulose Gums Pectin

What is the primary difference between dietary fiber and starch? A.) Starch cannot be digested by humans but dietary fiber can B.) Dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can C.) Starch is found in animals while dietary fiber is found in plants D.) Dietary fiber is found in animals while starch is found in plants

Dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can

_____ is an example of a sugar alcohol, which is a type of alternative sweetener. Aspartame Neotame Acesulfame-K Erythritol

Erythritol

Which nutrient cannot be digested but can be used as an energy source for bacteria in the large intestine? Starch Fiber Maltose Glycogen

Fiber

The _____ has approved the safety of high-intensity sweeteners currently available for use in the U.S. World Health Organization American Medical Association Food and Drug Administration National Institutes of Health

Food and Drug Administration

Because it tastes sweeter than other monosaccharides, manufacturers use which monosaccharide in the preparation of sweetened soft drinks and baked goods? Fructose Sucrose Glucose Galactose

Fructose

A high-fiber diet can help prevent which of the following conditions?

Hemorrhoids Diverticula

Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements?

Insoluble fiber

Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements? - Starchy fiber - Insoluble fiber - Soluble fiber - Animal fiber

Insoluble fiber

Although fiber is not an essential nutrient, it is beneficial because diets high in fiber may lower the risk for developing which diseases? Some intestinal tract disorders Heart disease Osteoporosis Stroke

Some intestinal tract disorders Heart disease Stroke

When added to your food, alternative sweeteners can contribute zero calories or fewer calories per serving than _____.

Sucrose

____ is a risk associated with consuming carbohydrate foods that contain simple sugars. Gout Type 1 diabetes Gastroesophageal reflux Tooth decay

Tooth decay

Which of the following are thought to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease? - Type 2 diabetes - Excess carbohydrate intake, particularly fructose - Obesity - Moderate fat intake, particularly from olive oil

Type 2 diabetes Excess carbohydrate intake, particularly fructose Obesity

Energy drinks, soft drinks, and sweetened coffees are all types of sugar-sweetened beverages, which are a major source of _____ in Americans' diets.

added sugars

Substances added to food that provide fewer calories per serving than sucrose or no calories are called _____.

alternative sweeteners

The alternative sweetener that people with phenylketonuria must avoid is ______. stevia saccharin aspartame sucralose

aspartame

When consumed in large amounts, sugar alcohols, with the exception of erythritol, _____. A.) are high in calories B.) can cause tooth decay C.) provide 4 kcal/g D.) can cause diarrhea

can cause diarrhea

In response to hypoglycemia, the body secretes the hormone ______.

epinephrine

In response to hypoglycemia, the body secretes the hormone ______. insulin bile epinephrine pancreatic amylase

epinephrine

Undigested fiber that is not used by bacteria in the large intestine is excreted from the body via _____. - burping - urine - feces - sweat

feces

Consuming excessive amounts of _____ may interfere with the absorption of some minerals.

fiber

If you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high-______ foods to your diet.

fiber

Added sugars are found in sugar-sweetened beverages such as _____. - 100% fruit juice - vegetable juice - fruit "ades" - milk

fruit "ades"

A _____ diet helps to ease elimination and thus can help prevent constipation.

high fiber

Aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, monk fruit extract, and stevia leaf extracts are all considered _____. nutritive sweeteners sugar alcohols high-intensity sweeteners natural sugars

high-intensity sweeteners

Symptoms of _____ include irritability, restlessness, shaking, and sweating. hypoglycemia high blood pressure constipation osteoporosis

hypoglycemia

Dietary fiber that generally does NOT dissolve in water is called _____ fiber.

insoluble

Whole grains, wheat bran, brown rice, and vegetables are all good sources of _____. soluble fiber galactose glycogen insoluble fiber

insoluble fiber

Increased _____ can occur with high-fiber diets because of greater bacterial metabolic activity in the colon.

intestinal gas

The FDA requires a warning statement on the label of any food that contains aspartame because this high-intensity sweetener contains phenylalanine, which cannot be consumed by someone with _____. diabetes phenylketonuria galactosemia lactose intolerance

phenylketonuria

Dietary fiber that dissolves or swells in water is called _____ fiber. nutritive insoluble soluble hydrophobic

soluble

The type of fiber that slows glucose absorption and binds cholesterol is _____ fiber. soluble insoluble starchy nutritive

soluble

Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, and beans are all good sources of _____. lactose insoluble fiber soluble fiber starch

soluble fiber

Mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol are examples of _____. polysaccharides sugar alcohols disaccharides high-intensity sweeteners

sugar alcohols

Sugar alcohols are used in place of sucrose in sugarless gum, breath mints, and candy because ______. they do not promote tooth decay they are better for the environment they are cheaper they taste better

they do not promote tooth decay

According to the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, daily added sugar intake should be less than _____ of total calories. 20% 5% 25% 10%

10%

Sugar alcohols generally supply an average of _____. 0 kcal/g 7 kcal/g 2 kcal/g 4 kcal/g

2 kcal/g

On average, Americans consume about ______ teaspoons of added sugars per day. 22 5 12 17

22

What is the Adequate Intake for dietary fiber for young women? 40 g/day 25 g/day 15 g/day 38 g/day

25 g/day

What is the Adequate Intake for dietary fiber for young men? 38 g/day 25 g/day 18 g/day

38 g/day

Dietary fiber is different than both starch and glycogen in that the bonds that hold the glucose units together in fiber ______. A.) cannot be digested by human intestinal enzymes B.) are easily digested by human intestinal enzymes C.) are digested in the stomach instead of in the small intestine D.) are digested through the act of chewing

cannot be digested by human intestinal enzymes

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol and cholesterol-rich bile acids into the blood.

decreases

Lignin, hemicellulose, mucilages, and cellulose are all forms of _____. - disaccharides - dietary fiber - monosaccharides - starch

dietary fiber

When calorie intake from energy sources such as fat, protein, alcohol, or _____ exceeds calorie needs, an increase in body fat can occur. digestible carbohydrates phytochemicals vitamins minerals

digestible carbohydrates