Nutrition - week 3
Based on the DRIs, nutritionally adequate diets should provide ______% to _____% of total calories from carbohydrates.
45% to 65%
_____ of a high-intensity sweetener is needed to sweeten a food to a similar sweetness as if that food was made with sugar. A slightly larger amount A very small amount A similar amount A very large amount
A very small amount
Choose the two ways high-intensity sweeteners compare to sugar. A.) They provide fewer calories per serving when compared to sugar B.) They provide the same number of calories per serving as sugar C.) They are much sweeter than the same amount of sugar D.) They are less sweet than the same amount of sugar
A.) They provide fewer calories per serving when compared to sugar D.) They are less sweet than the same amount of sugar
For certain high-intensity sweeteners, _____ have been established, which state the amount of that sweetener that can be consumed safely on a daily basis throughout one's life. Recommended Dietary Allowances Acceptable Daily Intakes Adequate Intakes Estimated Average Requirements
Acceptable Daily Intakes
Which alternative sweetener consists of the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? Neotame Saccharin Sucralose Aspartame
Aspartame
Which of the following are examples of manufactured alternative sweeteners? Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose Honey
Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose
Which two amino acids make up the high-intensity sweetener, aspartame? Glutamic acid Aspartic acid Phenylalanine Cysteine
Aspartic acid Phenylalanine
Which of the following are forms of dietary fiber? - Glycogen - Cellulose - Gums - Pectin
Cellulose Gums Pectin
What is the primary difference between dietary fiber and starch? A.) Starch cannot be digested by humans but dietary fiber can B.) Dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can C.) Starch is found in animals while dietary fiber is found in plants D.) Dietary fiber is found in animals while starch is found in plants
Dietary fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can
_____ is an example of a sugar alcohol, which is a type of alternative sweetener. Aspartame Neotame Acesulfame-K Erythritol
Erythritol
Which nutrient cannot be digested but can be used as an energy source for bacteria in the large intestine? Starch Fiber Maltose Glycogen
Fiber
The _____ has approved the safety of high-intensity sweeteners currently available for use in the U.S. World Health Organization American Medical Association Food and Drug Administration National Institutes of Health
Food and Drug Administration
Because it tastes sweeter than other monosaccharides, manufacturers use which monosaccharide in the preparation of sweetened soft drinks and baked goods? Fructose Sucrose Glucose Galactose
Fructose
A high-fiber diet can help prevent which of the following conditions?
Hemorrhoids Diverticula
Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements?
Insoluble fiber
Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements? - Starchy fiber - Insoluble fiber - Soluble fiber - Animal fiber
Insoluble fiber
Although fiber is not an essential nutrient, it is beneficial because diets high in fiber may lower the risk for developing which diseases? Some intestinal tract disorders Heart disease Osteoporosis Stroke
Some intestinal tract disorders Heart disease Stroke
When added to your food, alternative sweeteners can contribute zero calories or fewer calories per serving than _____.
Sucrose
____ is a risk associated with consuming carbohydrate foods that contain simple sugars. Gout Type 1 diabetes Gastroesophageal reflux Tooth decay
Tooth decay
Which of the following are thought to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease? - Type 2 diabetes - Excess carbohydrate intake, particularly fructose - Obesity - Moderate fat intake, particularly from olive oil
Type 2 diabetes Excess carbohydrate intake, particularly fructose Obesity
Energy drinks, soft drinks, and sweetened coffees are all types of sugar-sweetened beverages, which are a major source of _____ in Americans' diets.
added sugars
Substances added to food that provide fewer calories per serving than sucrose or no calories are called _____.
alternative sweeteners
The alternative sweetener that people with phenylketonuria must avoid is ______. stevia saccharin aspartame sucralose
aspartame
When consumed in large amounts, sugar alcohols, with the exception of erythritol, _____. A.) are high in calories B.) can cause tooth decay C.) provide 4 kcal/g D.) can cause diarrhea
can cause diarrhea
In response to hypoglycemia, the body secretes the hormone ______.
epinephrine
In response to hypoglycemia, the body secretes the hormone ______. insulin bile epinephrine pancreatic amylase
epinephrine
Undigested fiber that is not used by bacteria in the large intestine is excreted from the body via _____. - burping - urine - feces - sweat
feces
Consuming excessive amounts of _____ may interfere with the absorption of some minerals.
fiber
If you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high-______ foods to your diet.
fiber
Added sugars are found in sugar-sweetened beverages such as _____. - 100% fruit juice - vegetable juice - fruit "ades" - milk
fruit "ades"
A _____ diet helps to ease elimination and thus can help prevent constipation.
high fiber
Aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, monk fruit extract, and stevia leaf extracts are all considered _____. nutritive sweeteners sugar alcohols high-intensity sweeteners natural sugars
high-intensity sweeteners
Symptoms of _____ include irritability, restlessness, shaking, and sweating. hypoglycemia high blood pressure constipation osteoporosis
hypoglycemia
Dietary fiber that generally does NOT dissolve in water is called _____ fiber.
insoluble
Whole grains, wheat bran, brown rice, and vegetables are all good sources of _____. soluble fiber galactose glycogen insoluble fiber
insoluble fiber
Increased _____ can occur with high-fiber diets because of greater bacterial metabolic activity in the colon.
intestinal gas
The FDA requires a warning statement on the label of any food that contains aspartame because this high-intensity sweetener contains phenylalanine, which cannot be consumed by someone with _____. diabetes phenylketonuria galactosemia lactose intolerance
phenylketonuria
Dietary fiber that dissolves or swells in water is called _____ fiber. nutritive insoluble soluble hydrophobic
soluble
The type of fiber that slows glucose absorption and binds cholesterol is _____ fiber. soluble insoluble starchy nutritive
soluble
Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, and beans are all good sources of _____. lactose insoluble fiber soluble fiber starch
soluble fiber
Mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol are examples of _____. polysaccharides sugar alcohols disaccharides high-intensity sweeteners
sugar alcohols
Sugar alcohols are used in place of sucrose in sugarless gum, breath mints, and candy because ______. they do not promote tooth decay they are better for the environment they are cheaper they taste better
they do not promote tooth decay
According to the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, daily added sugar intake should be less than _____ of total calories. 20% 5% 25% 10%
10%
Sugar alcohols generally supply an average of _____. 0 kcal/g 7 kcal/g 2 kcal/g 4 kcal/g
2 kcal/g
On average, Americans consume about ______ teaspoons of added sugars per day. 22 5 12 17
22
What is the Adequate Intake for dietary fiber for young women? 40 g/day 25 g/day 15 g/day 38 g/day
25 g/day
What is the Adequate Intake for dietary fiber for young men? 38 g/day 25 g/day 18 g/day
38 g/day
Dietary fiber is different than both starch and glycogen in that the bonds that hold the glucose units together in fiber ______. A.) cannot be digested by human intestinal enzymes B.) are easily digested by human intestinal enzymes C.) are digested in the stomach instead of in the small intestine D.) are digested through the act of chewing
cannot be digested by human intestinal enzymes
Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol and cholesterol-rich bile acids into the blood.
decreases
Lignin, hemicellulose, mucilages, and cellulose are all forms of _____. - disaccharides - dietary fiber - monosaccharides - starch
dietary fiber
When calorie intake from energy sources such as fat, protein, alcohol, or _____ exceeds calorie needs, an increase in body fat can occur. digestible carbohydrates phytochemicals vitamins minerals
digestible carbohydrates