OB 350 study guide 8
Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?
Control: measure and adjust
Which of the following is typically NOT a difficult managerial decision?
Creating work schedules
One important method for enhancing creativity is to make it a part of the organization's
Culture
The behavioral approach to decision making is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
it uses logic
Decisions that recur infrequently and have no decision rules are __________ decisions
nonprogrammed
When applying concepts of __________, the decision maker knowingly accepts less than the best possible outcome.
suboptimizing
The fourth step of the creative process is
verification
According to the rational decision-making approach, evaluating the alternatives
involves assessing all possible alternatives.
When __________ arises, a decision maker questions the decision made and searches for information to bolster it.
post-decision dissonance
According to prospect theory, people are more motivated by
potential losses, potential gains
It is possible for the same decision to be __________ for an experienced manager and non-programmed for a more junior manager
programmed
The rational decision-making approach assumes decision makers
All of these are correct.
Which of the following is NOT a category of prescriptions for preventing groupthink?
Group prescriptions
While driving home from a hard day at work, Susan finally realizes the solution to the problem she had been having with a certain customer. Susan just reached which stage of the creative process?
Insight
An innate belief about something without conscious consideration is called
Intuition
Which of the following is true about intuition?
It evolves over time.
according to the rational decision-making approach, what is the first step of the decision-making process?
State the situational goal
One basis for making programmed decisions is
a set of decision rules
Non-programmed decisions require managers to use __________ rather than decision rules.
creativity
To help prevent groupthink, leaders should assign the role of __________ to each group member to allow each member to freely voice objections and doubts
critical evaluator
Jim purchases stock in a public company and refuses to sell it even after their repeated drops from the original price.Jim has decided to purchase more of the stock, anticipating he will make a profit. This is an example of
escalation of commitment.
The Second Step of Creative Process
incubation
Contingency plans are a part of what phase of the decision-making process?
Choosing an alternative
The last step in the rational decision-making process is to
Control: Measure and Adjust
Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents
Decision rule
According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the third step of the decision-making process?
Determine the decision type
A person's beliefs about what constitutes right and wrong behavior are called
Ethics
According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?
Evaluate Alternatives
__________ decisions tend to involve situations that occur often in a company.
Programmed
Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called__________ thinking
divergent
The risk of groupthink may be curbed by increasing the __________ of senior management
diversity
When groupthink occurs, silence is viewed as agreement. This most directly contributes to the
shared illusion of unanimity
The Delphi technique is designed for use by groups that
do not meet face-to-face.
All of the following are used in the nominal group technique of decision making EXCEPT
each proposed idea must be wholly original.
__________ is the extent to which a decision maker is willing to gamble when making a decision.
Risk propensity
What mode of thinking occurs when people are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group and members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action?
groupthink
A group member who discusses group deliberations with an expert outsider and reports his or her findings to the group is most likely trying to prevent
groupthink.
Jim is using the rational decision-making process to decide a course of action for the marketing department. While selecting a preferred alternative, a fellow worker asks, "What if something unexpected happens during the implementation of the alternative we have selected?" This type of question is an example of
planning for contingencies.
In __________, the decision maker examines alternatives only until a solution that meets minimal requirements is found
satisficing
The sales department at a local company determines that Product A will moderately boost sales and have a shorter production schedule, so it is decided that this product will be manufactured and sold without considering other options. In choosing this product, the sales department is
satisficing
