OB 350 study guide 8

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Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?

Control: measure and adjust

Which of the following is typically NOT a difficult managerial decision?

Creating work schedules

One important method for enhancing creativity is to make it a part of the organization's

Culture

The behavioral approach to decision making is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

it uses logic

Decisions that recur infrequently and have no decision rules are __________ decisions

nonprogrammed

When applying concepts of __________, the decision maker knowingly accepts less than the best possible outcome.

suboptimizing

The fourth step of the creative process is

verification

According to the rational decision-making approach, evaluating the alternatives

involves assessing all possible alternatives.

When __________ arises, a decision maker questions the decision made and searches for information to bolster it.

post-decision dissonance

According to prospect theory, people are more motivated by

potential losses, potential gains

It is possible for the same decision to be __________ for an experienced manager and non-programmed for a more junior manager

programmed

The rational decision-making approach assumes decision makers

All of these are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a category of prescriptions for preventing groupthink?

Group prescriptions

While driving home from a hard day at work, Susan finally realizes the solution to the problem she had been having with a certain customer. Susan just reached which stage of the creative process?

Insight

An innate belief about something without conscious consideration is called

Intuition

Which of the following is true about intuition?

It evolves over time.

according to the rational decision-making approach, what is the first step of the decision-making process?

State the situational goal

One basis for making programmed decisions is

a set of decision rules

Non-programmed decisions require managers to use __________ rather than decision rules.

creativity

To help prevent groupthink, leaders should assign the role of __________ to each group member to allow each member to freely voice objections and doubts

critical evaluator

Jim purchases stock in a public company and refuses to sell it even after their repeated drops from the original price.Jim has decided to purchase more of the stock, anticipating he will make a profit. This is an example of

escalation of commitment.

The Second Step of Creative Process

incubation

Contingency plans are a part of what phase of the decision-making process?

Choosing an alternative

The last step in the rational decision-making process is to

Control: Measure and Adjust

Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents

Decision rule

According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the third step of the decision-making process?

Determine the decision type

A person's beliefs about what constitutes right and wrong behavior are called

Ethics

According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?

Evaluate Alternatives

__________ decisions tend to involve situations that occur often in a company.

Programmed

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called__________ thinking

divergent

The risk of groupthink may be curbed by increasing the __________ of senior management

diversity

When groupthink occurs, silence is viewed as agreement. This most directly contributes to the

shared illusion of unanimity

The Delphi technique is designed for use by groups that

do not meet face-to-face.

All of the following are used in the nominal group technique of decision making EXCEPT

each proposed idea must be wholly original.

__________ is the extent to which a decision maker is willing to gamble when making a decision.

Risk propensity

What mode of thinking occurs when people are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group and members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action?

groupthink

A group member who discusses group deliberations with an expert outsider and reports his or her findings to the group is most likely trying to prevent

groupthink.

Jim is using the rational decision-making process to decide a course of action for the marketing department. While selecting a preferred alternative, a fellow worker asks, "What if something unexpected happens during the implementation of the alternative we have selected?" This type of question is an example of

planning for contingencies.

In __________, the decision maker examines alternatives only until a solution that meets minimal requirements is found

satisficing

The sales department at a local company determines that Product A will moderately boost sales and have a shorter production schedule, so it is decided that this product will be manufactured and sold without considering other options. In choosing this product, the sales department is

satisficing


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