OB Ch. 14, 15, 16

Which of the following keys to successful organization change management would help a manager reduce the spread of rumors regarding a change?

Foster open communication

_________ is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products, processes, or services.

Innovation

All of the following statements about change are true EXCEPT

Resistance to change should be eliminated.

Which source of individual resistance to change is grounded in the fact that it is easier to do a job the same way every day, and learning an entirely new set of steps makes the job more difficult?

habit

The system of reporting relationships in the organization, from the first level up through the president or CEO is known as

hierarchy

The eighth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

implementation of any supplemental changes.

An organization's assumptions are _________ and _________ resistant to change.

implicit, highly

All of the following statements are true about innovation EXCEPT

only small organizations can truly be innovative.

The system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving organizational effectiveness is called

organization development.

Information processing and communication changes include all of the following EXCEPT

organizations will have systematic plans for changes.

Rather than dealing openly with conflict, a(n) _________ conflict culture resists conflict with tactics such as withholding information or withdrawing from contact with coworkers.

passive-aggressive

The silent treatment is most common within _________ conflict cultures.

passive-aggressive

Which type of structure do new or young organizations typically have?

prebureaucratic structure

Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication have a

prebureaucratic structure.

One factor influencing organizational structure is the organization's technology, which is also called its

primary production system.

The degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organization is called

quality of work life.

The internet was an example of which kind of innovation?

radical

The first step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

recognition of a need for a change.

The third step in Lewin's Process Model of change is

refreezing

In a ____________, a headquarters is established in major geographical areas that works collaboratively with the product divisions to give the local units clearer operational goals and directions.

regional headquarters structure

The strength or weakness of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture

resists change.

The second step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

selection of task redesign as a potential intervention.

Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people resist change for fear of what others will think?

social factors

Division of labor is often referred to as ____.

specialization.

Organization development involves attempts to plan organization changes, which excludes _________ initiatives.

spontaneous

Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of

stories and symbols.

In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is resistant to change.

strong positive

Overdetermination is sometimes called

structural inertia.

A(n) _________ innovation creates a new functionality by assembling existing parts in new ways.

systems

The values that make up organization culture are often ____.

taken for granted.

When the culture they observe contradicts the culture formally espoused in corporate pamphlets, new employees come to accept

the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused.

Which of the following is NOT true about communities of practice?

they must be recognized by executive leadership

On the job, which of the following is generally NOT true of Millennials?

they prefer not to work in teams

Which organizational source of resistance to change occurs when a job redesign or a structural change transfers responsibility for a specialized task from the current expert to someone else?

threatened expertise

What should a top manager who works in a company with performance-reducing values do?

try to change the culture

In Lewin's Process Model of change, the process by which people become aware of the need for change is called

unfreezing.

Halo runs a tattoo parlor. Customers who place orders have unique words or images inked permanently into their skin. This is an example of

unit production.

Formalization reflects the extent to which organizational rules, procedures, and communications are

written down.

In complex societies, the socialization process takes many

years.

​Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences organizational structure?

​organizational age

The number of people born in the U.S. between 1945 and 1960 was approximately

56 million.

_________ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly.

Active

Which of the following is NOT a goal of team building?

All of these are goals of team building.

Each of the following is a popular type of people-oriented change technique EXCEPT

All of these are popular people-oriented change techniques.

Organizational structure can be analyzed by examining all of the following EXCEPT

All of these can be examined.

_________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture.

Assumptions

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of organization development?

Automating an assembly line to increase production

_________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner.

Disagreeable

_________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.

Espoused

Which of the following is NOT one of the keys to successful change management?

Maximize employee job satisfaction.

Which generation is characterized by living at home with few responsibilities, experimenting with life, and putting off marriage, childbearing, home purchases, and other adult responsibilities?

Millennials

Who is often acknowledged after a change effort?

People who tried to stop it.

____ is the number of people reporting to a manager.

Span of control

With respect to management development, which of the following is NOT true?

The value of management development is a proven fact.

Which of the following is one of the organizational sources of resistance to change found by Katz and Kahn?

Threatened expertise

The structure of an organization is defined as

a system of task, reporting, and authority relationships.

A(n) _________ is a physical manifestation of an organization's culture.

artifact

Evading open discussion of the conflict issue is most common within _____________ conflict cultures.

avoidant

In a(n) _________ conflict culture, employees actively manage and resolve conflicts cooperatively to find the best solution for all involved parties.

avoidant

Ben wants to take advantage of the existing culture of his organization. To do this, Ben must first

be fully aware of the culture's values.

In the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign, which of the following is NOT diagnosed during the "diagnosis of the work system and context" step?

board of directors diversity

Jobs grouped according to traditional business tasks such as marketing and human resources are grouped by

business function.

When individuals or groups throughout the hierarchy are not given an opportunity to participate in decision making, authority is

centralized.

In the continuous change process model, the person responsible for managing the change effort is called a(n)

change agent.

Grouping employees by ___________ is similar to grouping them by output, except that the focus is on specific job tasks rather than on what the final product is.

client

Which term refers to a group of people whose shared expertise and interest in a joint enterprise informally binds them together?

community of practice

Which type of production requires low levels of supervision because machines do most of the work?

continuous production

The most common means of developing innovation in the traditional organization is through

corporate research

The fourth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

cost-benefit analysis of proposed changes.

If a business strategy and corporate culture are pulling in two different directions, the _________ will win _________.

culture, no matter how good the strategy is

Which type of multinational organizational structure works best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?

global transnational division structure

In which integrating mechanism do managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems?

direct contact

Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for creating the conditions that enable communities of practice to flourish?

don't start timidly

Which organizational source of resistance to change occurs when group norms act as a brake on individual attempts at behavior change?

group inertia

Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people fear that change will make their jobs obsolete or reduce their opportunities for future pay increases?

economic factors

The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes

efficient use of labor.

Sam has good working relationships with his boss and coworkers, and is concerned that the upcoming organization change might disrupt these. Sam is most likely to resist the change because of

fear of the unknown.

If a firm uses unit production and makes custom products, it should have a _________ structure with a _________ managerial span of control is most appropriate.

flatter, smaller

As organization size increases, each of the following increases as well EXCEPT

flexibility

To succeed in a rapidly changing environment, an organization needs to have a more _________ structure.

flexible

The sixth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

formulation of the strategy for redesign.

An organization's culture of _________ reflects the extent to which majority members value efforts to increase minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned.

inclusion

The expected benefits from quality-of-work-life programs include all of the following EXCEPT

increased centralization of leadership.

Athena's company specializes in the design of tennis ball canisters, making them sturdier, cheaper, and easier to open. This is an example of which type of innovation?

incremental

Which type of innovation do other innovations often rely on?

incremental

Which type of innovation is the most common?

incremental

According to Fortune magazine, the most admired organizations are those that are the most ____.

innovative.

Because workgroups develop their own subcultures, _________ can be used to build a common cultural foundation.

intranets

Organization development

is the process of planned change using scientific knowledge.

Culture resists change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

it changes so frequently that employees begin to resist further change.

The benefits of a matrix organization include all of the following EXCEPT

it is cheaper.

All of the following statements are true about socialization EXCEPT

it is usually something that can be accomplished in a day-long new employee orientation program.

A centralized, heavily edited and filtered intranet reflects a culture in which information flows ______ freely and employee contributions are _______ valued.

less, less

An organization's culture takes a _________ time to evolve, and it takes a _________ time to change it.

long, long

When a firm uses _________, it makes large volumes of identical products, typically using assembly lines and machines.

mass production

In organizations with a _________, employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager.

matrix structure

Large organizations tend to be _________ than small organizations.

more bureaucratic

In which type of organization do managers spend a lot of time coordinating and controlling the network of contractors and strategic alliances?

network organization