OB Ch. 14, 15, 16
Which of the following keys to successful organization change management would help a manager reduce the spread of rumors regarding a change?
Foster open communication
_________ is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products, processes, or services.
Innovation
All of the following statements about change are true EXCEPT
Resistance to change should be eliminated.
Which source of individual resistance to change is grounded in the fact that it is easier to do a job the same way every day, and learning an entirely new set of steps makes the job more difficult?
habit
The system of reporting relationships in the organization, from the first level up through the president or CEO is known as
hierarchy
The eighth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is
implementation of any supplemental changes.
An organization's assumptions are _________ and _________ resistant to change.
implicit, highly
All of the following statements are true about innovation EXCEPT
only small organizations can truly be innovative.
The system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving organizational effectiveness is called
organization development.
Information processing and communication changes include all of the following EXCEPT
organizations will have systematic plans for changes.
Rather than dealing openly with conflict, a(n) _________ conflict culture resists conflict with tactics such as withholding information or withdrawing from contact with coworkers.
passive-aggressive
The silent treatment is most common within _________ conflict cultures.
passive-aggressive
Which type of structure do new or young organizations typically have?
prebureaucratic structure
Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication have a
prebureaucratic structure.
One factor influencing organizational structure is the organization's technology, which is also called its
primary production system.
The degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organization is called
quality of work life.
The internet was an example of which kind of innovation?
radical
The first step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is
recognition of a need for a change.
The third step in Lewin's Process Model of change is
refreezing
In a ____________, a headquarters is established in major geographical areas that works collaboratively with the product divisions to give the local units clearer operational goals and directions.
regional headquarters structure
The strength or weakness of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture
resists change.
The second step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is
selection of task redesign as a potential intervention.
Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people resist change for fear of what others will think?
social factors
Division of labor is often referred to as ____.
specialization.
Organization development involves attempts to plan organization changes, which excludes _________ initiatives.
spontaneous
Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of
stories and symbols.
In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is resistant to change.
strong positive
Overdetermination is sometimes called
structural inertia.
A(n) _________ innovation creates a new functionality by assembling existing parts in new ways.
systems
The values that make up organization culture are often ____.
taken for granted.
When the culture they observe contradicts the culture formally espoused in corporate pamphlets, new employees come to accept
the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused.
Which of the following is NOT true about communities of practice?
they must be recognized by executive leadership
On the job, which of the following is generally NOT true of Millennials?
they prefer not to work in teams
Which organizational source of resistance to change occurs when a job redesign or a structural change transfers responsibility for a specialized task from the current expert to someone else?
threatened expertise
What should a top manager who works in a company with performance-reducing values do?
try to change the culture
In Lewin's Process Model of change, the process by which people become aware of the need for change is called
unfreezing.
Halo runs a tattoo parlor. Customers who place orders have unique words or images inked permanently into their skin. This is an example of
unit production.
Formalization reflects the extent to which organizational rules, procedures, and communications are
written down.
In complex societies, the socialization process takes many
years.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences organizational structure?
organizational age
The number of people born in the U.S. between 1945 and 1960 was approximately
56 million.
_________ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly.
Active
Which of the following is NOT a goal of team building?
All of these are goals of team building.
Each of the following is a popular type of people-oriented change technique EXCEPT
All of these are popular people-oriented change techniques.
Organizational structure can be analyzed by examining all of the following EXCEPT
All of these can be examined.
_________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture.
Assumptions
Which of the following is NOT considered an example of organization development?
Automating an assembly line to increase production
_________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner.
Disagreeable
_________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.
Espoused
Which of the following is NOT one of the keys to successful change management?
Maximize employee job satisfaction.
Which generation is characterized by living at home with few responsibilities, experimenting with life, and putting off marriage, childbearing, home purchases, and other adult responsibilities?
Millennials
Who is often acknowledged after a change effort?
People who tried to stop it.
____ is the number of people reporting to a manager.
Span of control
With respect to management development, which of the following is NOT true?
The value of management development is a proven fact.
Which of the following is one of the organizational sources of resistance to change found by Katz and Kahn?
Threatened expertise
The structure of an organization is defined as
a system of task, reporting, and authority relationships.
A(n) _________ is a physical manifestation of an organization's culture.
artifact
Evading open discussion of the conflict issue is most common within _____________ conflict cultures.
avoidant
In a(n) _________ conflict culture, employees actively manage and resolve conflicts cooperatively to find the best solution for all involved parties.
avoidant
Ben wants to take advantage of the existing culture of his organization. To do this, Ben must first
be fully aware of the culture's values.
In the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign, which of the following is NOT diagnosed during the "diagnosis of the work system and context" step?
board of directors diversity
Jobs grouped according to traditional business tasks such as marketing and human resources are grouped by
business function.
When individuals or groups throughout the hierarchy are not given an opportunity to participate in decision making, authority is
centralized.
In the continuous change process model, the person responsible for managing the change effort is called a(n)
change agent.
Grouping employees by ___________ is similar to grouping them by output, except that the focus is on specific job tasks rather than on what the final product is.
client
Which term refers to a group of people whose shared expertise and interest in a joint enterprise informally binds them together?
community of practice
Which type of production requires low levels of supervision because machines do most of the work?
continuous production
The most common means of developing innovation in the traditional organization is through
corporate research
The fourth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is
cost-benefit analysis of proposed changes.
If a business strategy and corporate culture are pulling in two different directions, the _________ will win _________.
culture, no matter how good the strategy is
Which type of multinational organizational structure works best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?
global transnational division structure
In which integrating mechanism do managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems?
direct contact
Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for creating the conditions that enable communities of practice to flourish?
don't start timidly
Which organizational source of resistance to change occurs when group norms act as a brake on individual attempts at behavior change?
group inertia
Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people fear that change will make their jobs obsolete or reduce their opportunities for future pay increases?
economic factors
The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes
efficient use of labor.
Sam has good working relationships with his boss and coworkers, and is concerned that the upcoming organization change might disrupt these. Sam is most likely to resist the change because of
fear of the unknown.
If a firm uses unit production and makes custom products, it should have a _________ structure with a _________ managerial span of control is most appropriate.
flatter, smaller
As organization size increases, each of the following increases as well EXCEPT
flexibility
To succeed in a rapidly changing environment, an organization needs to have a more _________ structure.
flexible
The sixth step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is
formulation of the strategy for redesign.
An organization's culture of _________ reflects the extent to which majority members value efforts to increase minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned.
inclusion
The expected benefits from quality-of-work-life programs include all of the following EXCEPT
increased centralization of leadership.
Athena's company specializes in the design of tennis ball canisters, making them sturdier, cheaper, and easier to open. This is an example of which type of innovation?
incremental
Which type of innovation do other innovations often rely on?
incremental
Which type of innovation is the most common?
incremental
According to Fortune magazine, the most admired organizations are those that are the most ____.
innovative.
Because workgroups develop their own subcultures, _________ can be used to build a common cultural foundation.
intranets
Organization development
is the process of planned change using scientific knowledge.
Culture resists change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
it changes so frequently that employees begin to resist further change.
The benefits of a matrix organization include all of the following EXCEPT
it is cheaper.
All of the following statements are true about socialization EXCEPT
it is usually something that can be accomplished in a day-long new employee orientation program.
A centralized, heavily edited and filtered intranet reflects a culture in which information flows ______ freely and employee contributions are _______ valued.
less, less
An organization's culture takes a _________ time to evolve, and it takes a _________ time to change it.
long, long
When a firm uses _________, it makes large volumes of identical products, typically using assembly lines and machines.
mass production
In organizations with a _________, employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager.
matrix structure
Large organizations tend to be _________ than small organizations.
more bureaucratic
In which type of organization do managers spend a lot of time coordinating and controlling the network of contractors and strategic alliances?
network organization
