NBDHE Questions
Meth mouth is characterized by:
-Rampant caries -Severe attrition -Burned mucosa
What is the most common preventative antibiotic regimen used for adults who do NOT have a penicillin allergy?
2 g Amoxicillin 1 hour prior to appointment
With the PPD test (also known as the Mantoux skin test), the swelling is read ______ after the antigen is injected.
48-72 hours
Which of the following teeth is considered succedaneous in the Universal tooth numbering system? A) #13 B) #14 C) #18 D) #19
A) #13 Anterior teeth and premolars are succedaneous. Molars are nonsuccedaneous.
While eruption of the maxillary canines and premolars occurs between ages 10-12, the root formation is not usually complete until: A) 12-15 years B) 10-12 years C) 18-25 years D) 16-18 years
A) 12-15 years
If mamelons are still present on all anterior teeth of a 21-year-old patient, the patient is most likely to have: A) An open bite B) A crossbite C) A cingulum D) Temporomandibular joint problems
A) An open bite
Mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid ASA, commonly known as aspirin, include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A) Antidiuretic B) Antipyretic C) Anti-inflammatory D) Anti-platelet E) Analgesic
A) Antidiuretic
The most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety drugs are A) Benzodiazepines B) Zolpidem C) Centrally-acting muscle relaxants D) Barbiturates
A) Benzodiazepines
Which of the following is NOT true regarding nitrous oxide? A) Biotransformation takes place in the lungs B) Contraindicated with respiratory diseases C) Nitrous oxide tank is blue D) Also called the laughing gas
A) Biotransformation takes place in the lungs
Tetracyclines are contraindicated during pregnancy. Metronidazole is considered a safe alternative. A) Both statements are true. B) Both statements are false. C) The first statement is true and the second is false. D) The first statement is false and the second is true.
A) Both statements are true.
Viewed occlusally, the maxillary first molar is wider lingually than buccally. This increased occlusal surface area creates adequate space for the five major cusps commonly found on the tooth. A) Both statements are true. B) Both statements are false. C) First statement is true, and the second statement is false. D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true. Maxillary first molars are the only teeth in the dentition that is wider lingually than buccally. It is also wider mesially than distally.
Considering the relationship between cementum and enamel, which of the following statements is correct? A) Cementum overlaps enamel in 60-65% of teeth B) A small zone of dentin may occur between cementum and enamel in 20% of teeth C) Cementum and enamel meet directly in 50% of teeth with no overlap D) Cementum overlaps the enamel in 80% of teeth
A) Cementum overlaps enamel in 60-65% of teeth -Cementum and enamel meet directly on 30% of teeth -A small area of dentin may exist between the cementum and enamel in 5-10% of teeth
Which of the following is NOT a reaction that occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated? A) Dilation of pupils and bronchi B) Decrease in heart rate and respiration rate C) Dilation of blood vessels for digestion D) Stimulation of salivary glands
A) Dilation of pupils and bronchi
Which of the following is a diuretic? A) Hydrochlorothiazide B) Phenytoin C) Losartan D) Lisinopril
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding furcation? A) It can be detected on anterior teeth B) It can be detected on posterior teeth C) It can visible when recession is present D) It can present a challenge to the clinician during instrumentation
A) It can be detected on anterior teeth
An overdose of acetaminophen may cause major damage to the liver. What major organ is impacted by an overdose of NSAIDs? A) Kidneys B) Lungs C) LIver D) Pancrease E) Heart
A) Kidneys
Forming the incisal ridge and present after eruption is/are the: A) Mamelons B) Cingulum C) Diastema D) Rudimentary lobes E) Cusp of Carabelli
A) Mamelons
Which tooth structure is found on both anterior and posterior permanent teeth? A) Marginal ridge B) Oblique ridge C) Cingulum D) All of the above
A) Marginal ridge -Marginal ridges are raised borders on the mesiodistal and distolingual surfaces of a tooth, either on the lingual surface of an anterior tooth or on the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth. -Oblique ridges are long diagonal ridges on the occlusal surface of maxillary molars. -Cingulums are on anterior teeth
All of the following statements about drug effects and reactions are true EXCEPT: A) Most drugs have only one action B) No drug is free from producing adverse effects C) All drugs are harmful D) At toxic levels, drugs can cause death
A) Most drugs have only one action
How many permanent premolars will an 8-year-old usually have? A) None B) 2 C) 4 D) 8
A) None Maxillary first premolars erupt around age 9-10, and second premolars around age 10-12. Mandibular first premolars erupt around age 10-12, and second premolars around age 11-12.
Which of the following is a topical antifungal ointment? A) Nystatin B) Ketoconazole C) Fluconazole D) A and B
A) Nystatin
What does "qd" refer to in pharmacological abbreviations? A) Once a day B) Twice a day C) 3 times a day D) 4 times a day
A) Once a day -Twice a day: bid -Three times a day: tid -Four times a day: qid
Which term describes the maxillary incisors overlapping the mandibular incisors in a centric occlusion? A) Overbite B) Crossbite C) End to end
A) Overbite
A vasoconstrictor in an anesthetic agent can do all the following EXCEPT: A) Reduce the duration of the anesthetic effect B) Reduce bleeding C) Reduce the potential for adverse reaction D) Decrease the rate of systemic distribution of the drug
A) Reduce the duration of the anesthetic effect
Which of the following is TRUE regarding viruses? A) They are smaller than bacteria B) They duplicate outside of the host C) They can be killed using Nystatin D) They reproduce by RNA replication only
A) They are smaller than bacteria
Among the most commonly used medications for treatment of hypertension are the: A) Thiazide diuretics B) Loop diuretics C) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents D) Potassium salts E) Short-acting calcium channel blockers
A) Thiazide diuretics
Which of the following tooth designation systems is MOST commonly used in the United States? A) Universal Tooth Designation System B) Palmer Method for Tooth Designation C) International Standards Organization Designation System
A) Universal Tooth Designation
A medical history update for a 60-year-old male who has experienced a recent heart attack may include which of the following medications? A) Warfarin B) Aspirin C) Albuterol D) Ibuprofen
A) Warfarin Warfarin is an anti-coagulant that decreases the blood's ability to clot.
The following medications are all typically prescribed to patients who have undergone an organ transplant EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A) Phenytoin B) Corticosteroid C) Azathioprine D) Cyclosporine
A) phenytoin -This is an anti-seizure medication.
Percocet is a mixture of:
Acetaminophen and oxycodone
What is the maximum recommended dose (MRD) of epinephrine for healthy patients? A) 0.04 mg B) 0.2 mg C) 2.0 mg D) 0.4 mg
B) 0.2 mg
The facial surface of maxillary and mandibular first primary molars has: A) A buccal pit B) A curvature of the cementoenamel junction on the mesial half C) Two cusps of equal size D) A pointed mesiobuccal cusp
B) A curvature of the cementoenamel junction on the mesial half
Drugs that stimulate an action at the receptor are called: A) Antagonist B) Agonist C) Absorption D) Metabolites
B) Agonist
The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is: central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, first premolars. In general, maxillary permanent teeth erupt prior to mandibular permanent teeth. A) Both statements are true. B) Both statements are false. C) First statement is true, and the second statement is false. D) First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
B) Both statements are false. The eruption sequence for maxillary permanent teeth is: first molars, central incisors, lateral incisors, first premolars, second premolars, canines, second molars, third molars. In general, maxillary permanent teeth erupt after mandibular permanent teeth counterparts.
EACH of the following is associated with increased risk of developing anti-resorptive agent-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with low bone mass except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) Age older than 65 B) COPD C) Tooth extractions D) Prolonged use of bisphosphonates over two years E) Periodontitis
B) COPD
Which of the following terms describes a "rounded elevation on the lingual surface of anterior teeth"? A) Cusp B) Cingulum C) Ridge D) Contact area
B) Cingulum
Which dental tissue is composed of about 70% inorganic materials? A) Enamel B) Dentin C) Cementum D) Pulp
B) Dentin -Enamel is composed of 96% minerals -Cementum is composed of 50% minerals -Pulp is not a calcified tissue
Which of the following describes bradycardia? A) Heart rate above 100 beats per minute B) Heart rate under 60 beats per minute C) Increased heart contraction force D) Decreased heart contraction force
B) Heart rate under 60 beats per minute
One of the most commonly prescribed diuretics utilized in treating hypertension is: A) Lopressor B) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) C) Amyl nitrite D) Propranolol E) Procardia
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
Which route of drug administration is BEST when treating an emergency? A) Oral B) Intravenous C) Intradermal D) Topical
B) Intravenous
During tooth development, the shape of the crown is determined by the: A) Dental lamina B) Mesoderm of the dental papilla C) Ameloblasts D) Vestibular lamina
B) Mesoderm of the dental papilla
Which antihypertensive agent can cause gingival enlargement? A) Atenolol B) Nifedipine C) Enalapril D) Losartan
B) Nifedipine
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the root of a tooth? A) Roots are covered by enamel B) Roots have a distal inclination C) Root concavities are not related to periodontal diseases D) Roots are more resistant to bacteria than enamel
B) Roots have a distal inclination
Which is the most commonly used antibiotic drug for the treatment of periodontal diseases? A) Clindamycin B) Tetracycline C) Cephalosporin D) Azithromycin
B) Tetracycline
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the generic name of a drug? A) It represent the chemical make-up B) The first letter of the name is capitalized C) It is generally less expensive
B) The first letter of the name is capitalized
A secretory surface of the ameloblasts responsible for laying down the enamel matrix is known as: A) Imbrication lines B) Tome's process C) Lines of Retzius D) Perikymata
B) Tome's process Tome's process is a secretory surface of the ameloblast that guides the enamel matrix into place during enamel deposition.
What is a common side effect of antidepressants? A) Metallic taste B) Xerostomia C) Black hairy tongue D) Gastrointestinal cramps
B) Xerostomia
What is the resting position of the mandible? A) Tight closure of teeth B) 2 to 4 cm freeway space in between the maxillary and mandibular teeth C) 2 to 4 mm freeway space in between the maxillary and mandibular teeth
C) 2 to 4 mm freeway space in between the max. and man. teeth
Warfarin, a widely prescribed blood-thinning agent, is more commonly known as: A) Doxycycline B) Clindamycin C) Coumadin D) Chlorhexidine gluconate E) Minocycline
C) Coumadin
Which substance is considered a depressant? A) Amphetamine B) Cocaine C) Heroin D) Nicotine
C) Heroin
According to the controlled substances classification system, schedule I refers to drugs with: A) High potential for abuse, severe dependence, with medical use. B) Less potential for abuse, limited dependence, with medical use. C) High potential for abuse, severe dependence, with no medical use. D) Least potential for abuse, limited dependence, with medical use.
C) High potential for abuse, severe dependence, with no medical use.
Epinephrine added to a local anesthetic will: A) Dilute the pH in the area thus making the injection less painful B) Decrease the shelf life of the anesthetic C) Increase the duration of the anesthesia D) Decrease the duration of anesthesia
C) Increase the duration of the anesthesia
Which of the following is not true about acetaminophen? A) It is analgesic B) It is antipyretic C) It is anti-inflammatory D) All of the above
C) It is anti-inflammatory Also, it does not affect blood coagulation, and therefore it is ideal for patients on blood thinners.
Which of the following is not a beta blocker? A) Metoprolol B) Propranolol C) Lisinopril D) Atenolol
C) Lisinopril
Which of the following premolars has two roots? A) Mandibular first premolar B) Mandibular second premolar C) Maxillary first premolar D) Maxillary second premolar
C) Maxillary first premolar Usually features a distinct mesial root concavity that can create difficulties for the clinician.
Tetracycline was previously widely used as an anti-bacterial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. Which of the following is considered the "newer" drug for treating periodontitis? A) Penicillin B) Clindamycin C) Metronidazole D) Zidovudine
C) Metronidazole
If the patient's anterior teeth do not overlap in a normal bite, the patient has a: A) Overbite B) Class I Occlusion C) Open bite D) Crossbite
C) Open bite
Anaphylactic shock, an acute allergic reaction, occurs most frequently with which drug? A) Clindamycin B) Erythromycin C) Penicillin D) Clarithromycin C) Azithromycin
C) Penicillin
According to the American Heart Association guideline, which of the following heart conditions does NOT require premedication? A) Incompletely repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease B) History of infective endocarditis C) Rheumatic heart disease D) Artificial heart valves
C) Rheumatic heart disease
Which of the following is a common side effect of NSAIDs? A) Gingival hyperplasia B) Xerostomia C) Stomach upset D) High blood pressure
C) Stomach upset
The deciduous maxillary molar is wider bucco-lingually than mesio-distally. This deciduous primary molar is later replaced by the adult molar. A) Both statements are true B) Both statements are false C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. -All maxillary molars are wider bucco-lingually. -All mandibular molars are wider mesio-distally. -The deciduous molars are replaced by the permanent premolars.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding insufficient levels of thyroid hormone? A) It is called cretinism in children B) It is myxedema in adults C) Thyroid removal surgery may be needed D) Thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be needed
C) Thyroid removal surgery may be needed
Which of the following is one of the side effects of antidepressants? A) Oral candidiasis B) Gingival hyperplasia C) Xerostomia D) Perimolysis
C) Xerostomia
Under the FDA pregnancy categories of drugs, which category is the LEAST safe?
Category X
Where is the cingulum located?
Cervical third of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth
Warfarin, a widely prescribed blood-thinning agent, is more commonly known as:
Coumadin
The anatomical curvature of occlusion forming an upward smile line seen from the buccal aspect is called:
Curve of Spee
How many half-lives are needed to completely eliminate a drug out of the body? A) 1-2 B) 2-3 C) 4-5 D) 5-6
D) 5-6
Low levels of which neurotransmitter(s) is related to depression? A) Norepinephrine B) Serotonin C) Acetylcholine D) A and B E) B and C
D) A and B The mechanism of the condition is not completely understood but is characterized by low levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the central nervous system.
What can Pilocarpine overdose cause? A) Increased salivation B) Increased lacrimation C) Increased urination D) All of the above
D) All of the above
A drug with the suffix "lytic" or "blocker": A) Blocks contraction of skeletal muscles B) Is bio-identical to acetylcholine C) Dilates the synapse between nerves D) Blocks the action of neurotransmitters
D) Blocks the action of neurotransmitters
What does "Po" mean in pharmacological abbreviations? A) As needed B) At bedtime C) Before meals D) By mouth
D) By mouth
The maxillary left molar is lingual to the mandibular left molar, and the maxillary right molar is buccal to the mandibular right molar. What type of occlusion is this? A) Overjet B) Overbite C) Crossbite on both sides D) Crossbite on left side only E) Crossbite on right side only
D) Crossbite on left side only Maxillary molars are usually buccal to the mandibular molars because the maxilla is larger than the mandible.
Each of the following is an inhalant medication used to treat asthma EXCEPT: A) Flovent B) Ventolin C) Proventil D) Dilantin
D) Dilantin Dilantin is an oral medication used to treat epilepsy.
Microscopic crystals of calcium and phosphates found within the ground substance and fibers of bone are called: A) Hyaline B) Osteocytes C) Osteoblasts D) Hydroxyapatite E) Reticular tissue
D) Hydroxyapatite
Which of the following premolars often have three cusps? A) Maxillary first B) Maxillary second C) Mandibular first D) Mandibular second
D) Mandibular second Consists of one large buccal cusp and two smaller lingual cusps. They form a Y-shaped groove. Other premolars have two cusps: one lingual and one buccal
Dentin located closest to the DEJ of the crown and formed prior to other types of dentin is called: A) Sclerotic B) Globular dentin C) Secondary dentin D) Mantle dentin
D) Mantle dentin -Mantle dentin is the first type of dentin to form and is located closest to the DEJ of the crown. At the DEJ, mantle dentin and enamel intersect, resulting in scalloping of the DEJ. -Secondary dentin develops after the completion of root formation. It is continually distributed through life by odontoblasts. -Sclerotic dentin, a form of tertiary dentin, forms as a defense mechanism to protect the pulp from trauma and disease.
The side effects of opioids include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Respiratory depression B) Constipation C) Drowsiness D) Mydriasis
D) Mydriasis
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of opioids? A) Respiratory depression B) Constipation C) Euphoria D) Mydriasis
D) Mydriasis Mydriasis, also referred to as dilated pupils, happens after a stimulant, such as cocaine, is taken. Opioids are depressants.
Which of the following is true regarding the human dentition? A) The clinical root is any portion of the tooth apical to the cementoenamel junction B) The bony socket in which the tooth fits is called the periodontium C) The portion of the jaw that supports the teeth is called the alveolus D) The clinical crown is the portion of the crown visible above the gingiva
D) The clinical crown is the portion of the crown visible above the gingiva
The anticoagulant warfarin is marketed under all of the following trade names EXCEPT: A) Waran B) Coumadin C) Marevan D) Triazolam
D) Triazolam Triazolam is a benzodiazepine, used for anxiety.
Which agency sets the controlled substance classification?
DEA
How many erupted primary teeth are usually present in a 4-year-old child? A) 10 B) 12 C) 16 D) 18 E) 20
E) 20
All of the following are truer of maxillary first premolars than of maxillary second premolars EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A) The facial cusp is wider and longer than the lingual cusp B) The occlusal line is less rounded C) It usually has two root canals, even if it only has one root D) It usually has two roots E) The occlusal grooves tend to be shorter, shallower and irregular
E) The occlusal grooves tend to be shorter, shallower and irregular
Nasmyth's membrane, primarily basal lamina in nature, is a thin tissue covering the crown of a tooth at eruption. It is also called the
Enamel cuticle
The process by which a drug is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract and liver before it reaches the systemic circulation is called:
First-pass effect
Which of the following dental abnormalities is associated with a tooth that appears to have two crowns merged together, but has one root?
Gemination
Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
Hypothalamus
When viewed proximally, the crown of the mandibular molars is inclined:
Lingually. The lingual cusps are shorter than the buccal cusps.
Which tooth has a buccal put that is susceptible to caries?
Mandibular first molar
Which tooth, with the root and crown combined, has the longest dimension?
Maxillary canine
The cusp of Carabelli is the fifth cusp present on which tooth?
Maxillary first molar
Which tooth is MOST likely to have a deeper lingual pit that is prone to caries?
Maxillary lateral incisor
What is the recommended premedication dosage for a pediatric patient who is able to take oral medication and reports no hypersensitivity to penicillin, but has a history of prosthetic cardiac valve?
Oral amoxicillin 50 mg/kg taken 60 minutes prior to procedure.
Percodan is a mixture of:
Oxycodone and aspirin
The first drug of choice when treating dental infections is:
Penicillin VK
True or False: The maxillary first molar has three roots. The maxillary second molar has two furcations.
The first statement is true and the second is false. -Maxillary molars all have three roots.
The clinician finds white chalky spots on the crown of the posterior molars. In this situation, the clinician should avoid scratching and putting pressure on this area because:
The underlying enamel may be soft and susceptible to caries.
Teratogenicity is defined as:
the capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.
Local anesthetics are:
vasodilators
