OB Chapter 1

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scientific management

Based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time and motion studies

5 managerial practices that promote ethical behavior

Close gaps between knowledge about what to do and actual behaviors, be selective about who you hire, socialize new hires to promote ethical values, implement systems and procedures to promote accountability for ethical behavior, fairly allocate organizational resources

T or F? Scientific Management likes individualism.

False

T or F? negative correlations are always bad

False

T or F? companies with product innovation do not like when employees give their own ideas, because it is usually a waste of time.

False.

Specialization strategy

Focusing on a narrow market segment or niche and pursuing either a differentiation or cost leadership strategy within that market segment

managers

Organizational member who are responsible for the attainment of organizational goals by planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the efforts of others in the organization

4 Managerial Functions

Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling Check textbook page 4 for descriptions

Edwards Deming

"guru of quality management". plan-do-check-act cycle. 14 principles. 94% of errors comes from the system, not individual employees./

Mary Parker was known as

"prophet of management". Created brainstorming and groupthink effect

Barnard's three core executive functions

establishing+maintaing system of commication, securing essential services from other members, formulating organizational purposes and objectives

Formula for Ethical Behavior

ethical values + clear expectations + reward/ punishment = ethical behavior

organizational behavior

explains and predicts how people and groups interpret events, react, and behave in organizations; describes the roles of organizational systems, structures, and processes in shaping behavior

commission

failure to follow sound, established operational and ethical practices

organic growth

firm opens new stores

Modern managerial and organizational challenges include

globalization and diversity, technology, ethics, and social responisbility

product innovation competitive advantage companies want

good R&D who have an entrepreneurial mindset

examples of competitive advantage?

innovation, distribution, speed, convenience, first to market, cost, service, quality, branding. Page 7

5 key resources

time, people, money, info, capital assets

T or F? Operational excellence functions with tight margins and rely more on teamwork than individual performance

true

remission

pressure by a manager or others to make unethical choices

Organizations using a differentiation strategy try to develop a competitive advantage based off of ______ _________________

product innovation

correlation

reflects size and strength of two statistical variables, ranges from -1 to 1. 0 means no correlation, 1 is positive, and -1 is negative

what does growth strategy success depend on?

the firm's ability to find and retain the right number and types of employees to sustain its growth.

parochialism

viewing the world solely through one's own eyes and persepctive

human relations movmenet

views organizations as cooperative systems and treats workers' orientations, values, and feeling as important parts of organizational dynamics and performance.

competitive advantage

anything that gives a firm an edge over rivals in attracting customers and defending itself against competition

theory

collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not relate

two-way communication

communication is from worker to chief executive, as well as vice versa

growth strategy

company expansion organically or through acquisitions

organization

consists of people with formally assigned roles working together to achieve common goals

Social responsibility efforts should be integrated into the __________ of the organization to have a lasting effect

culture

Companies that use specialization often build competitive advantage on the idea of

customer intimacy

Who created the scientific method?>

Sir Francis Bacon

Why do some firms run this?

To use a premium price

T or F? Cost leadership strategy companies are typically good at designing products that can be efficiently manufactured

True

According to Michael Porter on competitive advantage,

a company must be able to give customers superior value for their money

code of ethics

a decision making guide that describes that highest values to which an organization aspires.

meta analysis

a statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety of organizations and for a variety of jobs

organizational culture

a system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide members' attitudes and behaviors

corporate social responsibility

businesses living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity ie: starbucks pays more for beans and donates money to farmers and schools in foreign countries.

Differentiation strategy

developing a product or service that has unique characteristics valued by customers

product innovation

developing new products or services

customer intimacy

developing unique and customizable products or services to meet customers' need and increase customer loyalty ie: consulting, retail, banking organizations use this

What is the point of meta analysis?

is to estimate the true relationship between various constructs and to determine whether the results can be generalized to all situations or if the relationship works differently in different situations. Due to difference, no guarentee that any one organization would find the same relationship.

omission errors

lack of written rules

Operational excellence

maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process to minimize costs

scientific method

method of knowledge generation that relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings

Biggest factor in strategy implementation?

new organizational culture, and new behaviors for employees

Three types of systematic erorrs?

omission, remission, commission

4 steps of Taylor's scientific management

replace rule of thumb methods with methods based on scientifically studying the tasks using time and motion studies, scientifically select, train, and develop workers rather than letting them do it themselves, managers provide detailed instructions and supervision, divide work nearly equally between workers and managers

global mindet

set of individual attributes that enable you to influence individuals, groups and organizations from diverse socio/cultural/institutional systems

OB provides an understanding for ______ ________ among management

soft skills

code of conduct

specifies expected and prohibited actions in the workplace and give examples of appropriate behavior

ethics

standards of behavior about how people ought to act in different situations

cost leadership strategy

striving to be the lowest cost producer for a particular level of product quality ie: Walmart

Hawthorne Effect

when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance simply because they are being assessed

Socially responsible programs and policies include:

workplace diversity, favorable working conditions, nonexploitation of workers, work life balance, community volunterrism and charity, environmental green programs, partnering with environmentally friendly suppliers and companies

hypotheses

written predictions specifying expected relationships between certain variables

According to Federal Sentencing Guidelines for organizing, several elements to a complete ethics and compliance program are:

written standards for ethic conduct, ethic training, providing a way for seeking ethic related advice, providing a mechanism for reporting misconduct anonymously, disciplining employees who violate standards or law, evaluating ethical behavior as part of an employee's regular performance appraisals


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