OBE-chapter 12

Which of the following tactics involves including an individual in the decision-making and planning process? A) ingratiation B) exchange C) pressure D) inspirational appeals E) consultation

E

For an organization to be politics free would require that A) all organizational members hold the same goals and interests. B) organizational resources are not scarce. C) performance outcomes are clear. D) performance outcomes are objective. E) all of the above.

A

Leadership requires ________. A) some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led B) strong two-way communication between the leader and those being led C) a dependency of those being led on the leader D) a dependency of the leader on those being led E) followers to share behavioral traits with their leaders

A

Leadership research emphasizes ________. A) style B) persuasion C) power D) communication E) commitment

A

Who is most likely to engage in IM? A) low self-monitors B) high self-monitors C) low Machs D) those with an external locus of control E) everyone

A

________ power is generally related to an individual's unique characteristics. A) Personal B) Reward C) Legitimate D) Expert E) Idiosyncratic

A

Activities that influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization are known as ________. A) human resources B) political behaviors C) sexual harassment D) influential power moves E) interactive initiatives

B

Celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products in commercials because the advertisers believe the celebrities have ________ power. A) personal B) referent C) expert D) legitimate E) star

B

Individuals who develop explanations to lessen their responsibility for negative outcomes are demonstrating which of the following defensive behaviors? A) buffing B) justifying C) prevention D) stretching E) misrepresenting

B

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is attempting to use A) politics. B) impression management. C) defensive behavior. D) his power base. E) interdependence.

B

The opposite of coercive power is ________ power. A) referent B) reward C) legitimate D) charismatic E) resourcive

B

The power tactic that evidence suggests is one of the most effective is ________. A) pressure or coercion B) rational persuasion C) personal appeals or friendship D) exchange or rewards E) flattery

B

There is a greater likelihood of political behavior of the illegitimate kind when there is/are ________ within the organization. A) more resources B) less trust C) more executive opportunities D) less executive opportunities E) less satisfaction

B

Thomas recognizes that his firm is plagued by organizational politics. He is not good at playing games and instead frequently engages in defensive behaviors in order to protect himself and his interests. Thomas is frustrated because he believes that he has little control over his environment, and his environment is uncomfortable to him. He has had some success at establishing a sense of control for himself by appearing to be more or less supportive publicly while doing little or nothing privately. Which of the following behaviors is Thomas engaged in? A) overconforming B) stalling C) playing dumb D) stretching E) buck passing

B

Which IM technique appears to backfire on employees and lead to lower performance evaluations? A) ingratiation B) self-promotion C) conformity D) flattery E) association

B

Which IM technique may be the most important to interviewing success? A) ingratiation B) self-promotion C) conformity D) flattery E) association

B

Which influence tactic tends to work best as a downward influencing tactic with subordinates? A) pressure B) inspirational appeals C) ingratiation D) coalitions E) exchange

B

Which of the following does not describe high self-monitors? A) The show greater sensitivity to social cues. B) They possess an external locus of control. C) They exhibit higher levels of social conformity. D) They are more likely to be skilled in political behavior. E) They are more likely to engage in political behavior

B

Which of the following is NOT cited as a culture that creates a breeding ground for politicking? A) cultures with unclear performance evaluation systems B) high trust cultures C) cultures with role ambiguity D) democratic decision-making cultures E) cultures with self-serving senior managers

B

Which of the following is most likely to help Jerrod earn higher performance evaluations from his supervisors? A) apologies B) ingratiation C) excuses D) buffing E) self-promotion

B

Which of the following is not an example of an impression management technique? A) conformity B) capitulating C) flattery D) granting favors E) self-promotion

B

Which of the following is not considered to be a power tactic? A) coalitions B) substitution C) rational persuasion D) ingratiation E) legitimacy

B

Which of the following statements is true concerning power? A) Trust and mistrust affect the expression of power. B) A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. C) Power requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. D) To be effective, power must be actualized. E) In order to have power, a person must impose their control over others.

B

Which of the following would be considered a legitimate political behavior? A) sabotage B) bypassing the chain of command C) whistleblowing D) wearing protest buttons E) groups of employees simultaneously calling in sick

B

Which power tactic tends to be the most effective across all organizational levels? A) personal appeals B) rational persuasion C) ingratiation D) legitimacy E) pressure

B

Which source of formal power can actually backfire? A) reward B) coercive C) expert D) referent E) legitimate

B

An individual most likely to engage in political behavior would have all of the following except a(n) ________. A) high need for power B) high ability to self monitor C) high charisma rating D) internal locus of control E) Machiavellian personality

C

The more a person has invested in the organization, the more that person has to lose if forced out and therefore, is less likely to use A) their power. B) politics. C) illegitimate means. D) defensive behavior. E) all of the above

C

The power that the College Dean has been granted by the University over the faculty is termed ________ power. A) academic B) positional C) legitimate D) personal E) referent

C

Thomas also attempts to project an image of competence and thoroughness by rigorously documenting all of his activity. This defensive behavior is termed A) justifying. B) playing safe. C) buffing. D) scapegoating. E) misrepresenting.

C

Thomas has decided that in general, his best defense is to focus on behaviors that enable him to avoid blame. Which of the following behaviors is he most likely to engage in? A) overconforming B) playing dumb C) scapegoating D) prevention E) stalling

C

Unlike leadership research, research on power tends to focus on ________. A) individual styles in using power B) strategies for goal attainment C) tactics for gaining compliance D) the administration of rewards E) the effective use of threats

C

Vivian has not been handling one portion of her duties in a satisfactory manner. As a result, her manager threatens to withhold her promotion. Which power tactic is being used? A) exchange B) ingratiation C) pressure D) personal appeals E) inspirational appeals

C

When Sal says, "This is the way we've always done it," he is using the defensive behavior known as A) buck passing. B) playing dumb. C) over-conforming. D) stretching. E) stalling.

C

When employees in organizations convert their power into action, they are engaged in ________. A) influence B) IM C) politics D) power techniques E) power tactics

C

When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising ________ power. A) legitimate B) coercive C) reward D) personal E) reflective

C

Which factors in the reward allocation process are likely to increase the likelihood that an employee will be motivated to engage in politicking? A) the use of objective criteria in the appraisal B) use of several outcome measures C) a zero-sum approach D) clear criteria E) all of the above

C

Which of the following is not an individual factor related to political behavior? A) organizational investment B) perceived job alternatives C) zero-sum reward practices D) level of self-monitoring E) expectations of success

C

All of the following may provide reasons to explain why politics is a fact of organizational life EXCEPT A) Organizations are comprised of groups with different values and goals. B) There is the potential for conflict over resources. C) Resources in organizations are limited. D) Win/win scenarios are the norm. E) Decisions are often made in a climate of ambiguity.

D

If Thomas wishes to avoid change at work, he will most likely ________. A) share resources B) overachieve C) build coalitions D) guard information E) divide alliances

D

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is engaging in which of the following impression management techniques? A) mirroring B) acclaiming C) groveling D) conformity E) apologizing

D

Which of the following is NOT considered a "softer" influence tactic? A) personal appeals B) inspirational appeals C) rational persuasion D) pressure E) consultation

D

Which of the following is NOT true of power? A) To get things done, it helps to have power. B) Managers should increase others' dependence on them. C) To increase your power, you should develop a skill your boss needs. D) Power is a one-way street. E) While you seek to maximize others' dependence on you, you will be seeking to minimize your dependence on others.

D

Formal power can arise out of which of the following? A) the ability to coerce B) formal authority C) the ability to reward D) one's position in the organization E) all of the above

E

"I've got two tickets to the game tonight that I can't use. Take them. Consider it a thank you for taking the time to talk with me." This is an example of which impression management behavior? A) favors B) flattery C) association D) self-promotion E) conformity

A

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice's label for what Catherine describes as "passing the buck" might be A) delegating authority. B) showing responsibility. C) encouraging dependency. D) demonstrating conscientiousness. E) facilitating cooperation.

A

Jeremy is angry and hostile. As a result, he is more likely to A) engage in deviant behaviors at work. B) score high in EI. C) be more creative. D) be more motivated. E) all of the above.

A

Leadership focuses on the ________. A) downward influence of a leader on his or her followers B) importance of lateral and upward influence patterns C) elimination of dependency relationships D) the stability of the organization E) management of the organization

A

Political behaviors usually ________. A) lie outside of an individual's specified job requirements B) are counterproductive to individual goals C) are seen only in large organizations D) are frowned upon by organizational leaders E) are expected as part of each job requirement

A

The power tactic of using flattery and creating goodwill before making a request is known as ________. A) ingratiation B) exchange C) inspirational appeal D) motivational appeal E) affective appeal

A

The process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions that others form of them is called ________. A) impression management B) information management C) defensive behavior D) perception management E) reflection control

A

Thomas recognizes that his firm is plagued by organizational politics. He is not good at playing games and instead frequently engages in defensive behaviors in order to protect himself and his interests. Thomas is frustrated because he believes that he has little control over his environment, and his environment is uncomfortable to him. He has had some success at establishing a sense of control for himself by appearing to be more or less supportive publicly while doing little or nothing privately. The defensive behavior that he is engaged in falls under the category of avoiding A) action. B) blame. C) change. D) power. E) responsibility.

A

When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is ________. A) coercive B) punitive C) positional D) authoritative E) fractional

A

When politicking becomes too much to handle, A) it can lead to employees quitting. B) it can lead to increases in employee performance. C) it can increase the motivation of employees. D) it may decrease pressure to compete in the political arena. E) it can increase employee retention.

A

One reacts to ________ power out of fear of the negative ramifications that might result if one fails to comply. A) legitimate B) coercive C) punitive D) referent E) abusive

B

Power tactics can be defined as ________. A) the only legitimate sources of power B) techniques for translating power bases into specific actions C) strategies for gathering and maintain support D) organizational structural characteristics E) approaches for winning arguments

B

Reactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change when people perceive politics as a threat, are termed ________. A) political behaviors B) defensive behaviors C) protectionism D) impression management E) shielding bias

B

The most important aspect of power is probably that it ________. A) is needed to get things done in an organization B) is a function of dependency C) tends to corrupt people D) is counterproductive E) involves control

B

Your colleagues at work are constantly talking about the vice president in your region. He is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report, and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The vice president's major base of power seems to be ________. A) reward B) coercive C) referent D) expert E) personal

B

________ power is based on an individual's position in an organization. A) Leadership B) Formal C) Informal D) Influential E) Static

B

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Behaviors that Catherine views as "over-conforming" are probably viewed by Bernice as A) competent. B) responsible. C) being mindful of the rules . D) practical-minded. E) astute.

C

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice's effective management label for Catherine's phrase "justifying" is probably A) distributing rewards. B) establishing expertise. C) apologizing. D) displaying charisma. E) fixing responsibility.

C

James approaches his supervisor with data and a logical presentation supporting his request for additional personnel. He is using ________. A) consultation B) legitimacy C) rational persuasion D) informational power E) exchange

C

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is engaging in all of the following impression management techniques except A) conformity. B) flattery. C) excuses. D) association. E) favors.

C

Leaders achieve goals, and power is ________. A) defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations B) usually used by poor leaders C) a means of achieving goals D) a goal in and of itself E) a strong influence on leaders' goals

C

Legitimate power is based on ________. A) positive rewards B) interpersonal trust C) structural position D) expert knowledge E) respect and admiration

C

Personal power is generally perceived as a result of all the following EXCEPT A) expertise B) charisma C) legitimate authority D) admiration E) skill

C

Political activity is probably more a function of ________ than of ________. A) management's example; the organization's characteristics B) management's example; individual difference variables C) the organization's characteristics; individual difference variables D) individual difference variables; management's example E) individual difference variables; the organization's characteristics

C

Research suggests which of the following is the most effective source of power? A) formal B) coercive C) personal D) reward E) legitimate

C

Some individuals promote their image by describing others with whom they are associated in a positive light. These individuals are using the impression management technique of ________. A) conformity B) flattery C) association D) self-promotion E) attribution denial

C

Which of the following is not true? A) The more an organization's culture emphasizes zero-sum reward allocations, the more employees will be motivated to engage in politicking. B) The more pressure that employees feel to perform well, the more likely they are to engage in politicking. C) The more growth stability a company demonstrates, the more likely its employees are to engage in politicking. D) The greater the role ambiguity within a company, the more its employees can engage in political activity with little chance of it being visible. E) The greater the opportunity for promotion or advancement within a company, the more employees will compete to positively influence outcomes.

C

Which of the following types of power requires acceptance of the leader's authority by members of the organization? A) personal B) organizational C) legitimate D) positional E) balanced

C

________ power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. A) Associational B) Legitimate C) Referent D) Personal E) Source

C

Joe comes to you with a request for funds for a project. He reminds you that company policy supports his position. He is using the tactic of ________. A) coalitions B) consultation C) rational persuasion D) legitimacy E) pressure

D

Power does not require goal compatibility, merely ________. A) reliance B) communication C) confidence D) dependence E) understanding

D

The two general groupings of power are ________. A) informational and personal B) formal and informal C) informal and legitimate D) personal and formal E) static and fluid

D

When Jennifer asks for Jim's compliance on her new initiative based on their long friendship, which influence tactic is she using? A) exchange B) ingratiation C) pressure D) personal appeals E) inspirational appeals

D

Which one of the following is not implied in the definition of power? A) influence B) potential C) dependency D) actualization E) capacity

D

You know that the vice president of your region has the authority to accept or reject your report. This is part of his ________ power. A) reward B) coercive C) expert D) legitimate E) personal

D

Your physician has advised you to take a series of medications. You comply because of her ________ power. A) referent B) information C) formal D) expert E) personal

D

As a result of the organization's structure, the vice president in your region has which of the following power bases? A) reward B) coercive C) formal D) legitimate E) all of the above

E

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice sees the dean as being competent, thorough and carefully documenting. Catherine would most likely describe the dean instead as A) overachieving. B) scapegoating. C) misrepresenting . D) cunning. E) buffing.

E

When Matt avoids blame by manipulating information by distortion or deception, he is using the defensive behavior known as A) buffing. B) playing safe. C) justifying. D) scapegoating. E) misrepresenting.

E

The vice president in your region is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The most likely reason for the success of this vice president in your organization is that his subordinates A) strive to make themselves indispensable to him. B) find his leadership style inspiring. C) strive to emulate him. D) are envious of his success. E) fear negative sanctions if they fail to comply.

E

Thomas' rigorous documentation allows him to accomplish which of the following? A) avoiding responsibility B) avoiding power C) avoiding change D) avoiding action E) avoiding blame

E