Obesity- Orexin, Anorexin, Adiponectin
leprin,leptin receptor, melanocortin4 receptor, fto gene variant
4 single genes basis for obesity
Ghrelin
A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach, activates its receptors in hypothalamus
leptin, glucagon like peptide
Anoreins 2 types
growth hormone, gastric acid, gastric motility, pancreatic function
Ghrelin stimulates (4)
stimulate pancreatic glucose, decrease gastric emptying
Glucagon like peptide 1 functions(2)
ghrelin, endocannabinoids
Orexins 2 examples
Insulin sensitizer
adiponectin function
decrease, insulin
adiponectin levels ___ in visceral obesity--> causing____ resistance-->risk for DM2, CAD
Glucagon like peptide 1
an anorexin that is produced in the intestines that decreases appetite
Leptin
an anorexin that is secreted by adipocytes , acts on hypothalamus; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger. an Obesity gene
greater than 95% percentile
child is obese if
increase gluconeogenesis, decrease skeletal muscle uptake glucose, increase inflammatory markers
decreased adiponectin is assoc with (3)
FTO gene
fat mass in obesity assoc with protein enzyme on chromosome 16.2 copies of this variant weigh 6 1/2 lbs heavier
leptin, insulin
ghrelin activates specific neurons that ___ and ___ inhibits
Cardioprotective, proliferative
ghrelin has 2 effects
patho of leptin
high adipocytes->high leptin-> leptin resistant->appetite dont decrease->overeat,increase body mass
genotype and gene, environment
obesity predisposing factors (2)
Adiponectin
produced by visceral adipose tissue
Endocannabinoids
results to increase adipose tissue accumulation at central and peripheral receptor sites