Obesity- Orexin, Anorexin, Adiponectin

leprin,leptin receptor, melanocortin4 receptor, fto gene variant

4 single genes basis for obesity

Ghrelin

A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach, activates its receptors in hypothalamus

leptin, glucagon like peptide

Anoreins 2 types

growth hormone, gastric acid, gastric motility, pancreatic function

Ghrelin stimulates (4)

stimulate pancreatic glucose, decrease gastric emptying

Glucagon like peptide 1 functions(2)

ghrelin, endocannabinoids

Orexins 2 examples

Insulin sensitizer

adiponectin function

decrease, insulin

adiponectin levels ___ in visceral obesity--> causing____ resistance-->risk for DM2, CAD

Glucagon like peptide 1

an anorexin that is produced in the intestines that decreases appetite

Leptin

an anorexin that is secreted by adipocytes , acts on hypothalamus; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger. an Obesity gene

greater than 95% percentile

child is obese if

increase gluconeogenesis, decrease skeletal muscle uptake glucose, increase inflammatory markers

decreased adiponectin is assoc with (3)

FTO gene

fat mass in obesity assoc with protein enzyme on chromosome 16.2 copies of this variant weigh 6 1/2 lbs heavier

leptin, insulin

ghrelin activates specific neurons that ___ and ___ inhibits

Cardioprotective, proliferative

ghrelin has 2 effects

patho of leptin

high adipocytes->high leptin-> leptin resistant->appetite dont decrease->overeat,increase body mass

genotype and gene, environment

obesity predisposing factors (2)

Adiponectin

produced by visceral adipose tissue

Endocannabinoids

results to increase adipose tissue accumulation at central and peripheral receptor sites