OB/GYN Steven Penny Review Questions: Fetal Face & Neck Ch 25

facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of: holoprosencephaly DWM schizencephaly hydranencephaly

holoprosencephaly

an increase distance between the orbits is referred to as: hypotelorism hypertelorism anophthalmia micrognathia

hypertelorism

a reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as: anophthalmia micrognathia hypertelorism hypotelorism

hypotelorism

the most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the: axilla neck chest groin

neck

a large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. this most likely represents a(n): sacrococcygeal teratoma cystic hygroma cephalocele anophthalmia

sacrococcygeal teratoma

a cystic hygroma is the result of: alcohol consumption in the first trimester an abnormal development of the roof of the fourth ventricle occlusion of the ICAs an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

the isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as: fetal goiter cystic hygroma lymphangioma cervical teratoma

fetal goiter

which of the following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma? Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome hydranencephaly Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

the nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained: before 12 weeks 6 days between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days between 15 weeks and 21 weeks after 24 weeks

between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

the measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the: interocular diameter binocular diameter ocular diameter biparietal diameter

binocular diameter

which of the following is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible? epignathus branchial cleft cyst thyroglossal duct cyst fetal goiter

branchial cleft cyst

fusion of the orbits is termed: microglossia cebocephaly cyclopia ethmocephaly

cyclopia

all of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: cystic hygroma proboscis with cyclopia fused thalamus monoventricle

cystic hygroma

nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with: Patau syndrome hydranencephaly down syndrome cebocephaly

down syndrome

there is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome? Rays syndrome VACTERL syndrome down syndrome Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

down syndrome

which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21? Edwards syndrome Patau syndrome Meckel-Gruber syndrome down syndrome

down syndrome

which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits? cebocephaly cyclopia ethmocephaly epignathus

epignathus

the condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is: ethmocephaly epignathus micrognathia cebocephaly

ethmocephaly

the thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed: 3mm 6mm 10mm 12mm

6mm

the fetal lip typically closes by: 18 weeks 8 weeks 13 weeks 6 weeks

8 weeks

a group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is: cystic hygroma Edwards syndrome ethmocephaly ABS

ABS

macroglossia is most commonly found with: anencephaly holoprosencephaly Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome cystic hygroma

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

the growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is: Klinefelter syndrome Apert syndrome Meckel-Gruber syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

at what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained? CSP occipital horns of the lateral ventricle brain stem foramen magna

CSP

the absence of the eyes is termed: agyria epignathus hypotelorism anophthalmia

anophthalmia

the most common cause of hypertelorism is: DWM anencephaly anterior cephalocele holoprosencephaly

anterior cephalocele

close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed: cebocephaly cyclopia ethmocephaly epignathus

cebocephaly

an abnormal division in the lip is referred to as: micrognathia cleft lip anophthalmia cebocephaly

cleft lip

an oral teratoma is referred to as: macroglossia epignathus micrognathia ethmocephaly

epignathus

which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically? cleft lip and cleft palate isolated cleft lip isolated cleft palate isolated median cleft

isolated cleft palate

an unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed: epignathus macrognathia pharyngoglossia macroglossia

macroglossia

a small mandible is termed: macroglossia epignathus micrognathia ethmoccephaly

micrognathia

what is the term for a smaller than normal ear? microphthalmia micronatia microtia micrognathia

microtia

which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome? down syndrome trisomy 15 trisomy 13 monosomy x

monosomy x

the most freuently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is: triploidy trisomy 21 trisomy 18 trisomy 13

trisomy 13

which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome? trisomy 18 trisomy 21 trisomy 12 trisomy 13

trisomy 13

micrognathia is a condition found in: DWM hydranencphaly Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome trisomy 18

trisomy 18

an absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with: trisomy 21 trisomy 15 trisomy 18 Turner syndrome

trisomy 21

an increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with: DWM trisomy 21 trisomy 3 nuchal cord

trisomy 21

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is: transverse axial sagittal coronal

sagittal